球类竞赛组织管理要素的逻辑阐析
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摘要
为揭示竞赛安排的工具性、技术性和伦理性及它们之间内在的逻辑关系,厘清竞赛操作的基本思路,规制竞赛的行为准则,采用解构的方式,从工具性、技术性和伦理性的角度揭示球类竞赛组织管理要素的内在规律.结果表明:赛制是在各项因变量之间寻找理想的平衡点,实现理想性和可能性的结合而产生的,由此产生多种可选择的赛制安排;赛法反映的是竞赛成绩不是简单的累加,包含了规划与博弈、机遇与偶然等因素,由此产生了一系列专业化的操作技能;"失真"比赛从根本上破坏了体育竞赛的争逐本质,"投入不足"与"有意输掉比赛"有本质的区别.赛制、赛法的约定仍然具有局限性,必须在伦理、道德层面对竞赛行为进行规范,由此形成制度层、技术层和伦理层三位一体的竞赛安排机制.
In order to reveal the instrumental, technical and ethical nature of the competition arrangement and the inherent logical relationship between them, the basic ideas of the competition operation were clarified, and the code of conduct of the competition was regulated. Deconstruction was used to reveal the inherent laws of the management elements of the ball competition from the perspective of instrumentality, technicality and ethics. The research results showed that the competition system was able to find the ideal balance point between the various dependent variables, and to achieve the combination of ideality and possibility, thus would produce a variety of alternative competition arrangements; the competition reflected that the competition results were not simple accumulation, it included planning and game, opportunity and chance, had produced a series of professional operational skills; the "distortion" competition had fundamentally undermined the competitive nature of sports competitions, insufficient investment and intentional loss. There were essential differences in the game. The agreement of the competition system and the competition method still had limitations. It would be necessary to standardize the competition behavior at the ethical and moral levels, thus forming a three-in-one competition arrangement mechanism of the institutional, technical and ethical layers.
In order to reveal the instrumental, technical and ethical nature of the competition arrangement and the inherent logical relationship between them, the basic ideas of the competition operation were clarified, and the code of conduct of the competition was regulated. Deconstruction was used to reveal the inherent laws of the management elements of the ball competition from the perspective of instrumentality, technicality and ethics. The research results showed that the competition system was able to find the ideal balance point between the various dependent variables, and to achieve the combination of ideality and possibility, thus would produce a variety of alternative competition arrangements; the competition reflected that the competition results were not simple accumulation, it included planning and game, opportunity and chance, had produced a series of professional operational skills; the "distortion" competition had fundamentally undermined the competitive nature of sports competitions, insufficient investment and intentional loss. There were essential differences in the game. The agreement of the competition system and the competition method still had limitations. It would be necessary to standardize the competition behavior at the ethical and moral levels, thus forming a three-in-one competition arrangement mechanism of the institutional, technical and ethical layers.
引文
[1]唐建军,谢慧松.我国运动竞赛制度安排的理论探讨[J].北京体育大学学报,2008,31(1):113-115.
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[9]黄彦军,徐凤琴.我国竞技体育公平问题研究[J].体育文化导刊,2010(7):84-86.
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[11]唐建军.我国竞赛制度安排中的竞赛设置与竞赛约束[J].北京体育大学学报,2005,28(7):970-974.
[12]熊文,蔡端伟,李荣之.竞技体育道德制度化及其特殊形式[J].上海体育学院学报,2007,31(3):16-23.
[13]王艳,陈志辉,张恒波.论“消极比赛”的规则认定及社会学规避方法[J].体育与科学,2013,34(11):90-94.
[14]龚正伟.论体育的人道原则[J].伦理学研究,2005(5):65-69.
[15] 耿雷,吕玉萍.运动员越轨行为的成因、成因演化趋势及其控制对策[J].天津体育学院学报,2014,29(3):221-225.
[16] 王蒲.对抗性竞赛方法研究的理论思考[J].北京体育师范学院学报,1999,11(1):47-91.
[2]约翰·拜尔.组织成功的竞赛[M].高赞,译.北京:人民体育出版社,2000.
[3]周毅,王嵩洛,王玉峰.2010年南非世界杯足球比赛负荷特征对我国足球运动员体能训练的启示[J].南京体育学院学报,2010,24(4):20-24.
[4]肖林鹏,叶庆晖.体育赛事项目管理[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2005:58.
[5]王蒲,余丽华.循环制竞赛确定名次的“层次”与“终极”问题研究——兼析中国足球采用“抽签”决定竞赛名次问题[J].北京体育大学学报,2004,27(1):115-117.
[6]杨利勇.诚信:体育竞争力之本[J].南京体育学院学报,2015,14(3):147-151.
[7]李江,王正伦,唐永干,等.当代中国竞技体育伦理失范及其规制[J].南京体育学院学报,2013,34(5):62-65.
[8]姜世波.国际体育中的公平价值追求[J].天津体育学院学报,2012,27(5):411-414.
[9]黄彦军,徐凤琴.我国竞技体育公平问题研究[J].体育文化导刊,2010(7):84-86.
[10]周斌,周元超,胡小善.基于共生视角对欧洲冠军联赛竞赛制度解读——以及给我国体育职业化的启迪[J].体育与科学,2011,32(5):102-105.
[11]唐建军.我国竞赛制度安排中的竞赛设置与竞赛约束[J].北京体育大学学报,2005,28(7):970-974.
[12]熊文,蔡端伟,李荣之.竞技体育道德制度化及其特殊形式[J].上海体育学院学报,2007,31(3):16-23.
[13]王艳,陈志辉,张恒波.论“消极比赛”的规则认定及社会学规避方法[J].体育与科学,2013,34(11):90-94.
[14]龚正伟.论体育的人道原则[J].伦理学研究,2005(5):65-69.
[15] 耿雷,吕玉萍.运动员越轨行为的成因、成因演化趋势及其控制对策[J].天津体育学院学报,2014,29(3):221-225.
[16] 王蒲.对抗性竞赛方法研究的理论思考[J].北京体育师范学院学报,1999,11(1):47-91.