氟硅唑对丰年虫急性毒性及氧化应激的影响
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摘要
氟硅唑属三唑类内吸性杀菌剂,渗透性强,可防治子囊菌、担子菌等引起的病害。丰年虫(Chirocephalus)是一类分布广泛且耐高盐的小型甲壳动物,在水产养殖中作为鱼类和贝类的诱饵。近年来常作为农药环境安全评估的模式生物。笔者通过急性毒性试验测定氟硅唑对丰年虫卵38 h的半抑制浓度(EC_(50));采用酶活试剂盒测定氟硅唑处理38 h丰年虫(Chirocephalus)的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)的含量;采用硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明,氟硅唑对丰年虫卵38 h的急性毒性EC_(50)为5.228 mg·L~(-1),属于中毒。在受试浓度范围内,随着氟硅唑浓度升高,丰年虫的孵化率降低;在氟硅唑毒性作用下,丰年虫产生了氧化应激反应,与对照比较SOD活性增强,POD活性降低,MDA含量增加。
Flusilazole has a broad-spectrum germicidal efficacy to curb diseases caused by basidiomycetes and hemispheres.Chirocephalus is a salt tolerant small crustacean, which is used as live food for finfish and shellfish in aquaculture. In recent years it is used as a model organism to evaluate the environmental safety of pesticides. The effective concentration(EC_(50)) of flusilazole against the Chirocephalus was determined by using an acute toxicity test after 38 h flusiazole exposure. Activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) in the Chirocephalus were tested with an enzyme activity kit, and mamondialdehyde(MDA) content was tested by using the thiobarbituric acid(TBA) method after 38 h flusiazole exposure. The results showed that the EC_(50) of flusilazole to the Chirocephalus was 5.228 mg·L~(-1), which was of moderate toxicity. The hatching rate of the Chirocephalus was significantly decreased with an increase in concentration of flusilazole, as compared with that of the control. The toxic effects of flusilazole may cause oxidative stress in Chirocephalus. The activities of SOD and MDA content were increased, and the POD activity was decreased in all the treatment groups, compared with the control.
Flusilazole has a broad-spectrum germicidal efficacy to curb diseases caused by basidiomycetes and hemispheres.Chirocephalus is a salt tolerant small crustacean, which is used as live food for finfish and shellfish in aquaculture. In recent years it is used as a model organism to evaluate the environmental safety of pesticides. The effective concentration(EC_(50)) of flusilazole against the Chirocephalus was determined by using an acute toxicity test after 38 h flusiazole exposure. Activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) in the Chirocephalus were tested with an enzyme activity kit, and mamondialdehyde(MDA) content was tested by using the thiobarbituric acid(TBA) method after 38 h flusiazole exposure. The results showed that the EC_(50) of flusilazole to the Chirocephalus was 5.228 mg·L~(-1), which was of moderate toxicity. The hatching rate of the Chirocephalus was significantly decreased with an increase in concentration of flusilazole, as compared with that of the control. The toxic effects of flusilazole may cause oxidative stress in Chirocephalus. The activities of SOD and MDA content were increased, and the POD activity was decreased in all the treatment groups, compared with the control.
引文
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[26]PATIL A,REDDY P B.Endosulfan induced oxidative stress in Tilapia mossambica[J].Life Sciences International Research Journal,2017,4(1):209-214.
[2]LAVTIZAR V,KIMURA D,ASAOKA S,et al.The influence of seawater properties on toxicity of copper pyrithione and its degradation product to brine shrimp Chirocephalus[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2018,147:132-138.
[3]ZHU S,LUO F,CHEN W,et al.Toxicity evaluation of graphene oxide on cysts and three larval stages of Chirocephalus[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,595:101-109.
[4]El FELS L,HAFIDI M,OUHDOUCH Y.Chirocephalus as a new index for assessment of acute cytotoxicity during co-composting of sewage sludge and lignocellulose waste[J].Waste Management,2016,50:194-200.
[5]CRUZEIRO C,AMARAL S,ROCHA E,et al.Determination of 54 pesticides in waters of the Iberian Douro River estuary and risk assessment of environmentally relevant mixtures using theoretical approaches and Chirocephalus and Daphnia magna bioassays[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety,2017,145:126-134.
[6]MADHAV M R,DAVID S E M,KUMAR R S S,et al.Toxicity and accumulation of copper oxide(Cu O)nanoparticles in different life stages of Chirocephalus[J].Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology,2017,52:227-238.
[7]MUTHUKRISHNAN S,KUMAR T S,RAO M V.Anticancer activity of biogenic nanosilver and its toxicity assessment on Chirocephalus-evaluation of mortality,accumulation and elimination:An experimental report[J].Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,2017,5(2):1685-1695.
[8]YANG F,ZENG L,LUO Z,et al.Complex role of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the trophic transfer of arsenic from Nannochloropsis maritima to Chirocephalus nauplii[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2018,198:231-239.
[9]BHUVANESHWARI M,THIAGARAJAN V,NEMADE P,et al.Toxicity and trophic transfer of P25 Ti O2NPs from Dunaliella salina to Chirocephalus:Effect of dietary and waterborne exposure[J].Environmental research,2018,160:39-46.
[10]陈福良,王仪,郑斐能,等.氟硅唑微乳剂的研制[J].农药,2004,43(12):544-546.
[11]ESMAIL S M,DRAZ I S.An active role of systemic fungicides to curb wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici[J].Agricultural Engineering International:CIGR Journal,2018,19(5):315-322.
[12]秦维彩,邱白晶,顾伟,等.喷头类型对棚室黄瓜叶片的药液沉积和白粉病防治效果的影响[J].植物保护学报,2016,43(3):501-506.
[13]太一梅,杨存荣,刘彩英,等.氟硅唑防治梨黑星病田间药效试验[J].农药,2004,43(3):129-131.
[14]RAVIKUMAR M R,NAVI V,SHARMA Y.Evaluation of pre-mix fungicide,fluxapyroxad and pyraclostrobin 500 SC against powdery mildew(Oidium mangiferae)disease of mango[J].Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci.,2018,7(1):439-446.
[15]惠永乐,丰年虫卵质量的鉴定[J].水产养殖,2001,1(5):11.
[16]KONG Q,ZHU L,SHEN X.The toxicity of naphthalene to marine Chlorella vulgaris under different nutrient conditions[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,178(1/2/3):282-286.
[17]郭晶,宋文华,丁峰,等.三唑类杀菌剂对大型潘急性毒性研究[J].南开大学学报(自然科学版),2009,42(3):76-80.
[18]张金洋,郭晶,孙增田.三唑杀菌剂对小球藻急性毒性研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(23):6-9.
[19]HERMSEN S A B,PRONK T E,VAN DEN BRANDHOF E J,et al.Concentration-response analysis of differential gene expression in the zebrafish embryotoxicity test following flusila zole exposure[J].Toxicological Sciences,2012,127(1):303-312.
[20]ALY N,KAWTHER E L G,MAHMOUD F,et al.Protective effect of vitamin C against chlorpyrifos oxidative stress in male mice[J].Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 2010,97(1):7-12.
[21]朱九生,王静,乔雄梧,等.农药对家蚕(Bombyx mori L.)的亚致死效应研究进展[J].生态学报,2008(7):3334-3343.
[22]李周直,沈惠娟,蒋巧很,等.几种昆虫体内保护酶系统活力的研究[J].昆虫学报,1994(4):399-403.
[23]曲爱军,郭丽红,孙绪艮,等.农药胁迫对大叶黄杨SOD和脯氨酸含量的影响[J].农药,2006(1):35-37.
[24]张章,唐文浩,唐天乐.纳米Ti O2对斑马鱼超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响[J].热带生物学报,2018,9(3);274-280.
[25]查黎春.三种农药对天幕毛虫、舞毒蛾超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2011.
[26]PATIL A,REDDY P B.Endosulfan induced oxidative stress in Tilapia mossambica[J].Life Sciences International Research Journal,2017,4(1):209-214.