硅藻土/玉米秸秆木质陶瓷制备及其对废水中四环素吸附动力学
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摘要
为资源化利用农业废弃物,探求玉米秸秆的高效综合利用。以玉米秸秆和酚醛树脂为主要原料,通过硅藻土改性,制备了硅藻土/玉米秸秆木质陶瓷。结合SEM、XRD、FI-TR、压汞法现代测试手段对样品的结构及性能进行了表征。以四环素为目标污染物,研究了样品对四环素的吸附等温线和吸附动力学。结果表明:经硅藻土改性的木质陶瓷内部含有大量孔洞,以非晶质为主,含有少量石英晶相和结晶石墨。木质陶瓷的孔径范围主要在1 000～3 800 nm,孔隙率约为48.6%,比表面积达到7.83 m2/g。由相关系数R2可知,Langmiur等温吸附模型比Frendlich模型更好地描述了木质陶瓷对四环素(0.999>0.975)的吸附过程;pH值为3、5、7、9条件下,以木质陶瓷对初始浓度为5 mg/L的四环素溶液进行吸附。动力学模型拟合结果表明,准二级动力学模型参数R2>0.98,能够更好地拟合材料对四环素的吸附过程。该研究实现了废弃材料的深度利用和对四环素废水的有效处理,为玉米秸秆的利用提供了新的途径。
In order to use agricultural wastes as resources,the efficient utilization of corn straw was explored.Taking corn straw as the main raw materials,diatomite modified corn straw woodceramics were prepared by carbonizing phenolic resin–corn straw powder composite under vacuum.The structure and properties of as-prepared materials were characterized by modern test methods such as scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction,fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mercury injection.Some properties of as-prepared materials such as pore size distribution,porosity,adsorption capacity and so on were tested in the same time.Using tetracycline as the target pollutant,the adsorption process of tetracycline on samples was studied.Results indicate that woodceramics are mainly amorphous and a small amount of quartz crystal phase and crystalline graphite.Woodceramics contained a large number of holes,and the holes formed by the high temperature calcining of wood fiber in corn straw were wrapped and bridged by the glass carbon.With the original pore structure of diatomite,the interlocking pores were uneven on the surface.The porous size range,the porosity and the specific surface area of the woodceramics were 1 000-3 800 nm,48.6 %,and 7.83 m~2/g respetively.Woodceramics was a typical non-graphitizable carbon containing C-O-C bonds,C=C bonds and C-H bonds' structure.The adsorption capacity of materials to organic pollutants was improved obviously.According to the correlation coefficient R2,Langmiur isothermal adsorption model could describe the adsorption process of tetracycline on woodceramics better than Frendlich model(0.999>0.975).Adsorption kinetics of tetracycline(initial concentration 5 mg/L) on woodceramics were studied at pH values of 3,5,7 and 9.Experimental results show that pH value of the solution increased from 3 to 9,the adsorption rate constant k increased from 8×10~(-3) to 1.3×10~(-2) mg/(g·min).Because of different pH values,the existing forms of tetracycline(TCH3+,TCH20,TCH-) were different,and the surface charge of SiO2 in woodceramics also changes.In the lower pH value,the adsorption point was easier to reach saturation.With the increase of pH value,k value reduction indicated that the exchange-adsorption rate was also decreases,which was caused by the change of surface electrical properties of woodceramics and the different forms of tetracycline in different pH values.As the diffusion progresses,the surface of the adsorbent was occupied by a large number of adsorbents,and part of the charge was neutralized.With the Gibbs free energy of materials increasing,the driving force of diffusion decreased,and the adsorption reached to equilibrium.The double constant adsorption model in the decrease of the free energy and entropy increase was the main reason for the adsorption.The decrease of free energy and the increase of entropy in the double constant adsorption model were the main reasons to promote the adsorption.The Pseudo secondary kinetic model was a kind of chemical adsorption based on the limitation of adsorption rate.Results of the kinetic model fitting showed that the quasi-secondary kinetic model parameter(R~2>0.98) could better fit the adsorption process of tetracycline.This study realized the deep utilization of waste materials,treated effectively tetracycline wastewater,and provided a new way for the utilization of corn straw.
In order to use agricultural wastes as resources,the efficient utilization of corn straw was explored.Taking corn straw as the main raw materials,diatomite modified corn straw woodceramics were prepared by carbonizing phenolic resin–corn straw powder composite under vacuum.The structure and properties of as-prepared materials were characterized by modern test methods such as scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction,fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mercury injection.Some properties of as-prepared materials such as pore size distribution,porosity,adsorption capacity and so on were tested in the same time.Using tetracycline as the target pollutant,the adsorption process of tetracycline on samples was studied.Results indicate that woodceramics are mainly amorphous and a small amount of quartz crystal phase and crystalline graphite.Woodceramics contained a large number of holes,and the holes formed by the high temperature calcining of wood fiber in corn straw were wrapped and bridged by the glass carbon.With the original pore structure of diatomite,the interlocking pores were uneven on the surface.The porous size range,the porosity and the specific surface area of the woodceramics were 1 000-3 800 nm,48.6 %,and 7.83 m~2/g respetively.Woodceramics was a typical non-graphitizable carbon containing C-O-C bonds,C=C bonds and C-H bonds' structure.The adsorption capacity of materials to organic pollutants was improved obviously.According to the correlation coefficient R2,Langmiur isothermal adsorption model could describe the adsorption process of tetracycline on woodceramics better than Frendlich model(0.999>0.975).Adsorption kinetics of tetracycline(initial concentration 5 mg/L) on woodceramics were studied at pH values of 3,5,7 and 9.Experimental results show that pH value of the solution increased from 3 to 9,the adsorption rate constant k increased from 8×10~(-3) to 1.3×10~(-2) mg/(g·min).Because of different pH values,the existing forms of tetracycline(TCH3+,TCH20,TCH-) were different,and the surface charge of SiO2 in woodceramics also changes.In the lower pH value,the adsorption point was easier to reach saturation.With the increase of pH value,k value reduction indicated that the exchange-adsorption rate was also decreases,which was caused by the change of surface electrical properties of woodceramics and the different forms of tetracycline in different pH values.As the diffusion progresses,the surface of the adsorbent was occupied by a large number of adsorbents,and part of the charge was neutralized.With the Gibbs free energy of materials increasing,the driving force of diffusion decreased,and the adsorption reached to equilibrium.The double constant adsorption model in the decrease of the free energy and entropy increase was the main reason for the adsorption.The decrease of free energy and the increase of entropy in the double constant adsorption model were the main reasons to promote the adsorption.The Pseudo secondary kinetic model was a kind of chemical adsorption based on the limitation of adsorption rate.Results of the kinetic model fitting showed that the quasi-secondary kinetic model parameter(R~2>0.98) could better fit the adsorption process of tetracycline.This study realized the deep utilization of waste materials,treated effectively tetracycline wastewater,and provided a new way for the utilization of corn straw.
引文
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[3]Qian J M,Jin Z H,Wang J P.Structure and basic properties of woodceramics made from phenolic resin-basswood powder composite[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2003,368(11):71-79.
[4]王向科.木陶瓷复合材料的制备与性能研究[D].江门:五邑大学,2015.Wang Xiangke.Preparation and properties of wood-ceramic composites[D].Jiangmen:Wuyi University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]Pan J M,Cheng X N,Yan X H,et al.Preparation and hierarchical porous structure of biomorphic woodceramics from sugarcane bagasse[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2013,33(3):575-581.
[6]Qian J M,Suo A L,Yao Y,et al.Polyelectrolyte-stabilized glucose biosensor based on woodceramics as electrode[J].Clinical Biochemistry,2004,37:155-161.
[7]Ding J,Zhu H X,Li G Q,et al.Growth of SiC nanowires on wooden template surface using moltensalt media[J].Applied Surface Science,2014,320:620-626.
[8]何雨佳,龚中良.木陶瓷摩擦润滑性能研究进展[J].材料导报,2015,29(增刊2):368-371.He Yujia,Gong Zhongliang.Development and research progress on friction and lubricating properties of woodceramics[J].Material Review,2015,29(Supp.2):368-371.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]Bantsis G,Betsiou M,Bourliva A,et al.Synthesis of porous iron oxide ceramics using greek wooden templates and mill scale waste for EMI applications[J].Ceramics International,2012,38:721-729.
[10]Xie X Q,Fan T X,Zhang D,et al.Increasing the mechanical properties of high damping woodceramics by infiltration with a magnesium alloy[J].Composites Science and Technology,2002,62(10):1341-1346.
[11]吴文涛,陈天虎,徐晓春.凹凸棒石改性甘蔗渣/麦秸木质陶瓷制备与性能[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(1):305-308.Wu Wentao,Chen Tianhu,Xu Xiaochun.Preparation and properties of palygorskite clay modified woodceramics from bagasse/wheat straw[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2010,26(1):305-308.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]胡丽华,高建民,马天,等.碳化硅木质陶瓷的显微结构及力学性能[J].硅酸盐学报,2013,41(6):725-731.Hu Lihua,Gao Jianmin,Ma Tian,et al.Microstructure and mechanical mroperties of milicon marbide woodceramics[J].Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society.2013,41(6):725-731.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]Iuchaurroudo N,Font J,liamos C P,et al.Natural diatomites:efficient green catalyst for fenton-like oxidation of orangeⅡ[J].Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2016,181:481-494.
[14]Gao R Q,Sun Q,Fang Z,et al.Preparation of nano-TiO2/diatomite-based porous ceramics and their photocatalytic kinetics for formaldehyde degradation[J].International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials,2018,25(1):73-79.
[15]Zahra A Jamshid E L,Jamil K et al.Properties of sustainable cement mortars containing high volume of raw diatomite[J].Sustainable Materials and Technologies.2018,16(7):47-53.
[16]Font A,Soriano L,Reig L,et al.Use of residual diatomaceous earth as a silica source in geopolymer production[J].Materials Letters,2018,223(15):10-13.
[17]Kümmerer K.Antibiotics in the aquatic environment:Areview-partⅠ[J].Chemosphere,2009,75(4):417-434.
[18]曾冠军,柳娴,马满英.水体中抗生素污染研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(3):72-74.Zeng Guanjun,Liu Xian,Ma Manying.Research progress of antibiotic pollution in water[J].Journal of Anhui Ayi.Sci.2017,45(3):72-74.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]Jiang H,Zhang D,Xiao S,et al.Occurrence and sources of antibiotics and their metabolites in river water,WWTPs,and swine wastewater in Jiulongjiang River Basin,south China[J].Environ Sci and Pollut Res Int,2013,20(12):9075-9083.
[20]朱灵峰,孙倩,高如琴,等.硅藻土改性木质陶瓷的制备及其对酸性橙Ⅱ的超声吸附行为[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(5):261-264.Zhu Lingfeng,Sun Qian,Gao Ruqin,et al.Preparation of diatomite modified wood ceramics and the adsorption property of tetracycline[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Science,2018,46(5):261-264.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]Pulkit S,Sumit P S,Kamlesh P.Attenuation characteristics of monolayer graphene by Pi-and T-networks modeling of multilayer microstrip line[J].Journal of Semiconductors,2017,38(9):29-34.
[22]吴红,杨宇,罗忠竞,等.不同产地硅藻土理化特性的研究[J].山东化工,2017,46(6):23-25,28.Wu Hong,Yang Yu,Luo Zhongjing,et al.Study on physicochemical properties of diatomite in different areas[J].Shandong Chemical Industry,2017,46(6):23-25,28.(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]韩玉芳,张涛,温广武.碳纳米管-石墨烯-碳纳米纤维复合电极的制备及应用[J].水处理技术,2018,44(3):21-25,29.Han Yufang,Zhang Tao,Wen Guangwu.Preparation and application of carbon nanotube-graphene-carbon nanofiber composite electrode[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2018,44(3):21-25,29.(in Chinese with English abstract).
[24]Pulkit S,Sumit P S,Kamlesh P.Attenuation characteristics of monolayer graphene by Pi-and T-networks modeling of multilayer microstrip line[J].Journal of Semiconductors,2017,38(9):29-34.
[25]Qian J M,Jin Z H,Wang J P,et al.Structure and basic properties of woodceramics made from phenolic resinbasswood powder composite[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2004,368(1/2):71-79.
[26]Pan J M,Cheng X N,Yan X H,et al.Preparation and hierarchical porous structure of biomorphic woodceramics from sugarcane bagasse[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2013,33(3):575-581.
[27]唐伟,郭悦,吴景贵,等.老化的生物质炭性质变化及对菲吸持的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(7):2604-2611.Tang Wei,Guo Yue,Wu Jinggui,et al.Structural changes of aged biochar and the influence on phenanthrene adsorption[J].Environmental science,2014,35(7):2604-2611.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]谢巧,傅敏,吴晓璐.g-C3N4的制备及对罗丹明B模拟废水的吸附性能研究[J].云南化工,2018,45(8):30-33.Xie Qiao,Fu Min,Wu Xiaolu.Preparation of g-C3N4 and its adsorption properties for rhodamine B simulated wastewater[J].Yunnan Chemical Technology,2018,45(8):30-33.
[29]吴文涛,聂志芳,谭方良,等.凹凸棒石改性麦秸木质陶瓷的制备及其对苯酚的吸附效果[J].合肥工业大学学报,2012,35(9):1269-1274.Wu Wentao,Nie Zhifang,Tan Fangliang,et al.Preparation of palygorskite clay modified woodceramics from wheat straw and their absorption effect of phenol[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology,2012,35(9):1269-1274.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]Benkaddour S,Slimani R,Hiyane H,et al.Removal of reactive yellow 145 by adsorption onto treated watermelon seeds:Kinetic and isothermstudies[J].Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy,2018,10(12):16-21.
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