异步互联电网柔性直流输电紧急功率支援与动态区域控制偏差协调控制策略
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摘要
在多条柔性直流并行的异步联网系统中,无论是柔性直流输电系统还是两侧交流电网发生严重故障,都会导致交流电网出现大幅功率缺额或盈余,对电网安全稳定运行造成严重危害。本文提出一种动态区域控制偏差(ACE)与柔性直流紧急功率支援协调控制策略。首先,对目标电力系统进行安全稳定分析,确定故障区域功率需求量以及动态ACE控制模块和柔性直流紧急功率支援模块两者的可支援容量;然后,根据所提出的协调控制数学模型和实施原则,选取最佳的紧急控制措施,同时确定各模块功率支援量。最后,根据关键断面潮流约束条件对协调控制指令进行修正并执行。以实际电网数据进行仿真,制定并实施该协调控制策略,结果表明异步互联电网的稳定性得到了有效提升,证明了所提控制策略的可行性。
In an asynchronous interconnected power grid with multiple VSC-HVDC lines, it may lead to significant power surplus or power shortage once a fault occurs in the VSC-HVDC system or in the AC power grid, which will cause power grid instability. In this paper, a coordinated control strategy of regional dynamic ACE and VSC-HVDC emergency power support is proposed. Firstly, the security and stability of the studied power system is analyzed to determine the power demand in the fault area as well as the supportable capacity of both dynamic ACE control module and VSC-HVDC emergency power support module. Then, the optimum emergency control strategy is selected to determine the amount of power support for each module according to the mathematical model and implementation principle of coordinated control strategy. Finally, the power instruction of coordinated control is modified and implemented based on the transfer capacity constraints of critical transmission lines. The proposed coordinated control strategy has been formulated and implemented using the actual data of power grids. The simulation results demonstrate the stability and feasibility of the proposed control strategy for asynchronous interconnected power grids.
In an asynchronous interconnected power grid with multiple VSC-HVDC lines, it may lead to significant power surplus or power shortage once a fault occurs in the VSC-HVDC system or in the AC power grid, which will cause power grid instability. In this paper, a coordinated control strategy of regional dynamic ACE and VSC-HVDC emergency power support is proposed. Firstly, the security and stability of the studied power system is analyzed to determine the power demand in the fault area as well as the supportable capacity of both dynamic ACE control module and VSC-HVDC emergency power support module. Then, the optimum emergency control strategy is selected to determine the amount of power support for each module according to the mathematical model and implementation principle of coordinated control strategy. Finally, the power instruction of coordinated control is modified and implemented based on the transfer capacity constraints of critical transmission lines. The proposed coordinated control strategy has been formulated and implemented using the actual data of power grids. The simulation results demonstrate the stability and feasibility of the proposed control strategy for asynchronous interconnected power grids.
引文
[1]刘振亚,张启平.国家电网发展模式研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(7):1-10.Liu Zhenya,Zhang Qiping.Study on the development mode of national power grid of China[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(7):1-10.
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[3]Shen Li,Barnes M,Preece R,et al.The effect of VSCHVDC control and operating condition on dynamic behavior of integrated AC/DC system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(3):1085-1095.
[4]丁平,安宁,赵敏,等.一种实用的电压源型换流器及直流电网机电暂态建模方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(10):69-76.Ding Ping,An Ning,Zhao Min,et al.A practical modeling method of VSC-HVDC and DC-grid electromechanical transient[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(10):69-76.
[5]Glasdam J,Hjerrild J,Kocewiak L H,et al.Review on multi-level voltage source converter based HVDCtechnologies for grid connection of large offshore wind farms[C]//IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology(POWERCON),Auckland2012:1-6.
[6]Tang Guangfu,He Zhiyuan,Pang Hui.Research,application and development of VSC-HVDC engineering technology[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(15):3-14.
[7]唐欣,张凯峰,许强,等.提高VSC-HVDC系统供电无源网络的传输容量的控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(5):44-51.Tang Xin,Zhang Kaifeng,Xu Qiang,et al.Control strategy for enlarging the transmission capacity of VSC-HVDC systems supplying passive networks[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(5):44-51.
[8]Flourentzou N,Agelidis V G,Demetriades G D.VSC-based HVDC power transmission systems:An overview[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2009,24(3):592-602.
[9]徐友平,张珂,潘晓杰,等.渝鄂背靠背柔性直流附加阻尼控制策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(18):163-169.Xu Youping,Zhang Ke,Pan Xiaojie,et al.Damping control based on back to back VSC-HVDC connecting Chongqing and Hubei power grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(18):163-169.
[10]Renedo J,García-Cerrada A,Rouco L.Reactivepower coordination in VSC-HVDC multi-terminal systems for transient stability improvement[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2017,32(5):3758-3767.
[11]刘昇,徐政,李文云,等.用于改善交流系统暂态稳定性的VSC-HVDC交流电压-频率协调控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(19):4879-4887.Liu Sheng,Xu Zheng,Li Wenyun,et al.VSC-HVDCAC voltage-frequency coordination control strategy for improving AC system transient stability[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(19):4879-4887.
[12]Latorre H F,Ghandhari M,S?der L.Active and reactive power control of a VSC-HVDC[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2008,78(10):1756-1763.
[13]朱瑞可,王渝红,李兴源,等.用于VSC-HVDC互联系统的附加频率控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(16):81-87.Zhu Ruike,Wang Yuhong,Li Xingyuan,et al.An additional frequency control strategy for interconnected systems through VSC-HVDC[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(16):81-87.
[14]Zhu Jiebei,Booth C D,Adam G P,et al.Inertia emulation control strategy for VSC-HVDC transmission systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1277-1287.
[15]丁理杰,王渝红,张振,等.VSC-HVDC提高送端交流系统频率稳定性的研究[J].华东电力,2012,40(9):1521-1524.Ding Lijie,Wang Yuhong,Zhang Zhen,et al.Improvement of delivery side AC system frequency stability using VSC-HVDC facility[J].East China Electric Power,2012,40(9):1521-1524.
[16]鲍正杰,李生虎.基于VSC-HVDC有功支援和自适应低频减载的区域电网频率控制[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(20):32-37.Bao Zhengjie,Li Shenghu.Frequency control for regional system based on active power support from VSC-HVDC and adaptive under-frequency load shedding[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(20):32-37.
[17]张文涛,房鑫炎.多端直流异步联网对区域电网灾变恢复的支撑[J].电气自动化,2017,39(1):66-69.Zhang Wentao,Fang Xinyan.The support for regional grid catastrophe recovery from multiterminal DC asynchronous interconnection[J].Electrical Automation,2017,39(1):66-69.
[18]Wang Peng,Niu Fangming.Research on the AGCcoordination control method including energy storage system based on area control error in the interconnected power grid[C]//IEEE 2nd International Future Energy Electronics Conference(IFEEC),Taipei,2015:1-5.
[19]王莹,刘兵,刘天斌,等.特高压直流闭锁后省间紧急功率支援的协调优化调度策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(11):2695-2702.Wang Ying,Liu Bing,Liu Tianbin,et al.Coordinated optimal dispatching of emergency power support among provinces after UHVDC transmission system block fault[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(11):2695-2702.
[20]陈海荣,徐政.基于同步坐标变换的VSC-HVDC暂态模型及其控制器[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(2):121-126.Chen Hairong,Xu Zheng.Transient model and controller design for VSC-HVDC based on synchronous reference frame[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(2):121-126.
[21]陈厚合,王长江,姜涛,等.基于端口能量的含VSC-HVDC的交直流混合系统暂态稳定评估[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(3):498-511.Chen Houhe,Wang Changjiang,Jiang Tao,et al.Transient stability assessment in hybrid AC/DCsystems with VSC-HVDC via port energy[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(3):498-511.
[22]李国庆,孙银锋,吴学光.柔性直流输电稳定性分析及控制参数整定[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(6):231-239.Li Guoqing,Sun Yinfeng,Wu Xueguang.VSC-HVDC stability analysis and control parameter setting[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(6):231-239.
[23]Tirtashi M R S,Svensson J,Samuelsson O.VSC-HVDC application to improve the long-term voltage stability[C]//IEEE Manchester Power Tech,Manchester,UK,2017:1-6.
[24]宁大龙,同向前,尹军.柔性直流输电系统的设计及运行特性实验[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(34):6042-6049.Ning Dalong,Tong Xiangqian,Yin Jun.Design and laboratory test of HVDC system based on voltage source converter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(34):6042-6049.
[25]余秀月,宋少群,郭瑞鹏,等.含电压源换流器的交直流混联电网无功优化模型[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(19):148-153.Yu Xiuyue,Song Shaoqun,Guo Ruipeng,et al.Optimal reactive power flow model for AC/DChybrid power grid with voltage source converters[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(19):148-153.
[26]谈超,滕贤亮,闵亮,等.基于修正区域控制偏差的多区域协同控制技术(二)问题建模与改进方法[J]电力系统自动化,2017,41(2):121-128.Tan Chao,Teng Xianliang,Min Liang,et al Technologies for coordinated control among multiple control areas based on ACE correction part two problem formulation and potential solutions[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(2):121-128.
[27]Liu Dunnan,Ge Rui,Shao Lizheng,et al.Real time feedback control strategy based on area control error and generation error[C]//Seventh International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation,Nanchang,2015:798-801.
[28]蔡永智,陈皓勇,万楚林.基于局部信息融合和估计投影法的多区域电力系统状态估计[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(1):69-77.Cai Yongzhi,Chen Yuyong,Wan Chulin.Multi-area power system state estimation based on partial information fusion and estimate projection[J]Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,201732(1):69-77.
[2]齐旭,曾德文,史大军.特高压直流输电对系统安全稳定影响研究[J].电网技术,2006,30(2):1-6.Qi Xu,Zeng Dewen,Shi Dajun.Study on impacts of UHVDC transmission on power system stability[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(2):1-6.
[3]Shen Li,Barnes M,Preece R,et al.The effect of VSCHVDC control and operating condition on dynamic behavior of integrated AC/DC system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(3):1085-1095.
[4]丁平,安宁,赵敏,等.一种实用的电压源型换流器及直流电网机电暂态建模方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(10):69-76.Ding Ping,An Ning,Zhao Min,et al.A practical modeling method of VSC-HVDC and DC-grid electromechanical transient[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(10):69-76.
[5]Glasdam J,Hjerrild J,Kocewiak L H,et al.Review on multi-level voltage source converter based HVDCtechnologies for grid connection of large offshore wind farms[C]//IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology(POWERCON),Auckland2012:1-6.
[6]Tang Guangfu,He Zhiyuan,Pang Hui.Research,application and development of VSC-HVDC engineering technology[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(15):3-14.
[7]唐欣,张凯峰,许强,等.提高VSC-HVDC系统供电无源网络的传输容量的控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(5):44-51.Tang Xin,Zhang Kaifeng,Xu Qiang,et al.Control strategy for enlarging the transmission capacity of VSC-HVDC systems supplying passive networks[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(5):44-51.
[8]Flourentzou N,Agelidis V G,Demetriades G D.VSC-based HVDC power transmission systems:An overview[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2009,24(3):592-602.
[9]徐友平,张珂,潘晓杰,等.渝鄂背靠背柔性直流附加阻尼控制策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(18):163-169.Xu Youping,Zhang Ke,Pan Xiaojie,et al.Damping control based on back to back VSC-HVDC connecting Chongqing and Hubei power grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(18):163-169.
[10]Renedo J,García-Cerrada A,Rouco L.Reactivepower coordination in VSC-HVDC multi-terminal systems for transient stability improvement[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2017,32(5):3758-3767.
[11]刘昇,徐政,李文云,等.用于改善交流系统暂态稳定性的VSC-HVDC交流电压-频率协调控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(19):4879-4887.Liu Sheng,Xu Zheng,Li Wenyun,et al.VSC-HVDCAC voltage-frequency coordination control strategy for improving AC system transient stability[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(19):4879-4887.
[12]Latorre H F,Ghandhari M,S?der L.Active and reactive power control of a VSC-HVDC[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2008,78(10):1756-1763.
[13]朱瑞可,王渝红,李兴源,等.用于VSC-HVDC互联系统的附加频率控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(16):81-87.Zhu Ruike,Wang Yuhong,Li Xingyuan,et al.An additional frequency control strategy for interconnected systems through VSC-HVDC[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(16):81-87.
[14]Zhu Jiebei,Booth C D,Adam G P,et al.Inertia emulation control strategy for VSC-HVDC transmission systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1277-1287.
[15]丁理杰,王渝红,张振,等.VSC-HVDC提高送端交流系统频率稳定性的研究[J].华东电力,2012,40(9):1521-1524.Ding Lijie,Wang Yuhong,Zhang Zhen,et al.Improvement of delivery side AC system frequency stability using VSC-HVDC facility[J].East China Electric Power,2012,40(9):1521-1524.
[16]鲍正杰,李生虎.基于VSC-HVDC有功支援和自适应低频减载的区域电网频率控制[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(20):32-37.Bao Zhengjie,Li Shenghu.Frequency control for regional system based on active power support from VSC-HVDC and adaptive under-frequency load shedding[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(20):32-37.
[17]张文涛,房鑫炎.多端直流异步联网对区域电网灾变恢复的支撑[J].电气自动化,2017,39(1):66-69.Zhang Wentao,Fang Xinyan.The support for regional grid catastrophe recovery from multiterminal DC asynchronous interconnection[J].Electrical Automation,2017,39(1):66-69.
[18]Wang Peng,Niu Fangming.Research on the AGCcoordination control method including energy storage system based on area control error in the interconnected power grid[C]//IEEE 2nd International Future Energy Electronics Conference(IFEEC),Taipei,2015:1-5.
[19]王莹,刘兵,刘天斌,等.特高压直流闭锁后省间紧急功率支援的协调优化调度策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(11):2695-2702.Wang Ying,Liu Bing,Liu Tianbin,et al.Coordinated optimal dispatching of emergency power support among provinces after UHVDC transmission system block fault[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(11):2695-2702.
[20]陈海荣,徐政.基于同步坐标变换的VSC-HVDC暂态模型及其控制器[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(2):121-126.Chen Hairong,Xu Zheng.Transient model and controller design for VSC-HVDC based on synchronous reference frame[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(2):121-126.
[21]陈厚合,王长江,姜涛,等.基于端口能量的含VSC-HVDC的交直流混合系统暂态稳定评估[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(3):498-511.Chen Houhe,Wang Changjiang,Jiang Tao,et al.Transient stability assessment in hybrid AC/DCsystems with VSC-HVDC via port energy[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(3):498-511.
[22]李国庆,孙银锋,吴学光.柔性直流输电稳定性分析及控制参数整定[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(6):231-239.Li Guoqing,Sun Yinfeng,Wu Xueguang.VSC-HVDC stability analysis and control parameter setting[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(6):231-239.
[23]Tirtashi M R S,Svensson J,Samuelsson O.VSC-HVDC application to improve the long-term voltage stability[C]//IEEE Manchester Power Tech,Manchester,UK,2017:1-6.
[24]宁大龙,同向前,尹军.柔性直流输电系统的设计及运行特性实验[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(34):6042-6049.Ning Dalong,Tong Xiangqian,Yin Jun.Design and laboratory test of HVDC system based on voltage source converter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(34):6042-6049.
[25]余秀月,宋少群,郭瑞鹏,等.含电压源换流器的交直流混联电网无功优化模型[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(19):148-153.Yu Xiuyue,Song Shaoqun,Guo Ruipeng,et al.Optimal reactive power flow model for AC/DChybrid power grid with voltage source converters[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(19):148-153.
[26]谈超,滕贤亮,闵亮,等.基于修正区域控制偏差的多区域协同控制技术(二)问题建模与改进方法[J]电力系统自动化,2017,41(2):121-128.Tan Chao,Teng Xianliang,Min Liang,et al Technologies for coordinated control among multiple control areas based on ACE correction part two problem formulation and potential solutions[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(2):121-128.
[27]Liu Dunnan,Ge Rui,Shao Lizheng,et al.Real time feedback control strategy based on area control error and generation error[C]//Seventh International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation,Nanchang,2015:798-801.
[28]蔡永智,陈皓勇,万楚林.基于局部信息融合和估计投影法的多区域电力系统状态估计[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(1):69-77.Cai Yongzhi,Chen Yuyong,Wan Chulin.Multi-area power system state estimation based on partial information fusion and estimate projection[J]Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,201732(1):69-77.