北京市房山区大气污染物时空分布特征及气象影响因素分析
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摘要
利用北京市房山区良乡镇和琉璃河镇内的区域自动气象站和环境监测站观测数据,对2013年至2015年PM_(2. 5)、PM_(10)、NO_2、SO_2、CO 5种大气污染物浓度变化特征进行了统计分析。结果显示,近3年来,两个镇综合污染物指数呈现逐年下降趋势,各污染物对房山区整体大气污染的贡献率从大至小依次为PM_(2. 5)、PM_(10)、SO_2、NO_2、CO,PM_(2. 5)已取代传统大气污染物SO_2成为房山区的主要大气污染贡献体。两个站点各污染物浓度均表现出明显的季节、月、日变化特征。在不同季节条件下,局地气象要素与污染天气发生概率之间有着很好的相关关系。因此,可根据气象要素分级方法找出各季节污染天气发生时最敏感的气象因素,为局地污染天气预报提供参考指标,也为防范空气污染、制定科学的综合管理措施提供科学参考。
Based on the observation data( 2013—2015) of automatic weather station and environmental monitoring station in Liangxiang and Liulihe townships of Beijing Fangshan district,the spatialtemporal characteristics and meteorological factors of five kinds of air pollutants( PM_(2. 5),PM_(10),NO_2,SO_2,CO) has been analyzed. The results reflect that in the past three years,the comprehensive pollution index showed a declining trend in two townships. The contribution rate of various pollutants to the overall air pollution is PM_(2. 5)> PM_(10)> SO_2> NO_2> CO. PM_(2. 5) has replaced the traditional air pollutant SO_2 as the main component of air pollution in Fangshan district. Concentrations of five kinds of air pollution of the two sites show similar seasonal,monthly and diurnal variations. However,there is a significant difference between each other. In different season conditions,there is a good correlation between the local meteorological factors and the probability of heavy air pollution. According to the classification method of meteorological factors,we can find out the most sensitive meteorological factors in each season. Thus,the results can provide reference indexes for local heavy air pollution weather forecasting,and it also can offer scientific reference for making comprehensive management measures.
Based on the observation data( 2013—2015) of automatic weather station and environmental monitoring station in Liangxiang and Liulihe townships of Beijing Fangshan district,the spatialtemporal characteristics and meteorological factors of five kinds of air pollutants( PM_(2. 5),PM_(10),NO_2,SO_2,CO) has been analyzed. The results reflect that in the past three years,the comprehensive pollution index showed a declining trend in two townships. The contribution rate of various pollutants to the overall air pollution is PM_(2. 5)> PM_(10)> SO_2> NO_2> CO. PM_(2. 5) has replaced the traditional air pollutant SO_2 as the main component of air pollution in Fangshan district. Concentrations of five kinds of air pollution of the two sites show similar seasonal,monthly and diurnal variations. However,there is a significant difference between each other. In different season conditions,there is a good correlation between the local meteorological factors and the probability of heavy air pollution. According to the classification method of meteorological factors,we can find out the most sensitive meteorological factors in each season. Thus,the results can provide reference indexes for local heavy air pollution weather forecasting,and it also can offer scientific reference for making comprehensive management measures.
引文
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[22]王自发,谢付莹,王喜全,等.嵌套网格空气质量预报模式系统的发展与应用[J].大气科学,2006,30(5):778-790.
[23]王丽涛,潘雪梅,郑佳,等.河北及周边地区霾污染特征的模拟研究[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(4):925-931.
[24]张艳昆,刘树华,李炬,等.北京PM10质量浓度与总体理查逊数的关系[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2010,46(2):192-198.
[25]张文龙,尤凤春,张小玲,等.北京2013年1月严重霾天气过程的气象成因分析[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(2):46-54.
[26]刘熙明,胡非,邹海波,等.北京地区一次典型大雾天气过程的边界层特征分析[J].高原气象,2010,29(5):1174-1182.
[27]环境保护部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局. GB3095-2012环境空气质量标准[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.
[2]吴兑.近十年中国灰霾天气研究综述[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(2):257-269.
[3]郭立平,乔林,石茗化,等.河北廊坊市连续重污染天气的气象条件分析[J].干旱气象,2015,33(3):497-504.
[4]马艳,郭丽娜,黄容.青岛一次沙尘污染事件的气象条件特征[J].干旱气象,2014,32(5):773-780.
[5]赵克蕾,何清,钟玉婷,等. 2012年库尔勒市PM10质量浓度的变化特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2014,8(1):11-16.
[6]Zhang R,Jing J,Tao J,et al. Chemical characterization and source apportionment of PM2. 5in Beijing:Seasonal perspective[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,2013,13(14):7053-7074.
[7]温达志,陆耀东,旷远文,等. 39种木本植物对大气污染的生理生态反应与敏感性[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2003,11(4):341-347.
[8]任阵海,万本太,苏福庆,等.当前我国大气环境质量的几个特征[J].环境科学研究,2004,17(1):1-6.
[9]赵普生,徐晓峰,孟伟,等.京津冀区域霾天气特征[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(1):31-36.
[10]孟燕军,王淑英,赵习方.北京地区大雾日大气污染状况及气象条件分析[J].气象,2000,26(3):40-43.
[11]范引琪,李二杰,范增禄.河北省1960~2002年城市大气能见度的变化趋势[J].大气科学,2005,29(4):526-535.
[12]吴兑,吴晓京,李菲,等. 1951-2005年中国大陆霾的时空变化[J].气象学报,2010,68(5):680-688.
[13]Ma J Z,Wang W,Chen Y,et al. The IPAC-NC field campaign:a pollution and oxidization pool in the lower atmosphere over Huabei,China[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics Discussions,2011,11(9):27701-27762.
[14]李令军,王英,李金香,等. 2000~2010北京大气重污染研究[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(1):23-30.
[15]马志强,赵秀娟,孟伟,等.雾和霾对北京地区大气能见度影响对比分析[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(11):1208-1214.
[16]徐晓峰,李青春,张小玲.北京一次局地重污染过程气象条件分析[J].气象科技,2005,33(6):543-547.
[17]张建忠,李坤玉,王冠岚,等.京津冀4次重度污染过程的气象要素分析[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(1):19-25.
[18]张岳鹏,李璇,聂滕,等. 2014年2月北京PM2. 5污染过程及天气形势分析[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(2):55-62.
[19]夏俊荣,吴丹,齐冰,等.华北香河站一次霾污染事件的综合观测研究[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(2):10-17.
[20]廖晓农,张小玲,王迎春,等.北京地区冬夏季持续性雾-霾发生的环境气象条件对比分析[J].环境科学,2014,35(6):2031-2044.
[21]刘丽丽,王莉莉.天津冬季重霾污染过程及气象和边界层特征分析[J].气候与环境研究,2015,20(2):129-140.
[22]王自发,谢付莹,王喜全,等.嵌套网格空气质量预报模式系统的发展与应用[J].大气科学,2006,30(5):778-790.
[23]王丽涛,潘雪梅,郑佳,等.河北及周边地区霾污染特征的模拟研究[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(4):925-931.
[24]张艳昆,刘树华,李炬,等.北京PM10质量浓度与总体理查逊数的关系[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2010,46(2):192-198.
[25]张文龙,尤凤春,张小玲,等.北京2013年1月严重霾天气过程的气象成因分析[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(2):46-54.
[26]刘熙明,胡非,邹海波,等.北京地区一次典型大雾天气过程的边界层特征分析[J].高原气象,2010,29(5):1174-1182.
[27]环境保护部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局. GB3095-2012环境空气质量标准[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.