初产妇乙肝疫苗接种相关知识知晓状况及影响因素分析
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摘要
目的了解初产妇乙肝疫苗接种相关知识知晓状况,并探讨其影响因素。方法采用问卷调查法收集315名初产妇进行有关乙肝疫苗接种知识的相关资料。结果调查初产妇最小年龄19岁、最大年龄38岁,平均(24.2±6.5)岁;大专及以上学历共202人,占64.1%(202/315),HBs Ag携带者占10.2%(32/315);乙肝相关知识知晓率为54.0%(170/315),乙肝疫苗接种知识知晓率为44.8%(141/315),不同文化程度、家庭月人均收入、职业、配偶文化程度以及是否接种过乙肝疫苗的初产妇对乙肝疫苗接种知识知晓率差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=8.268、8.272、14.146、10.520、8.253,P <0.05);多因素结果得出大专及以上文化程度初产妇乙肝疫苗接种知识知晓率是高中及以下水平的3.785倍(OR=3.785,95%CI=1.112～12.865),机关企事业单位员工的知晓率是工人、农民、个体户、服务员等的6.472倍(OR=6.472,95%CI=1.425～29.360),自身为HBs Ag携带者的知晓率是未携带者的8.412倍(OR=8.412,95%CI=1.508～40.123)。结论文化程度、职业、是否HBs Ag携带者是初产妇乙肝疫苗接种知识知晓率的重要影响因素,应有针对性地加强乙肝疫苗接种知识的健康教育。
Objective To understand the status of awareness of the knowledge related to hepatitis B vaccination among primipara and to explore the influencing factors.Methods Questionnaire survey was used to collect data on the knowledge of hepatitis B vaccination among 315 primiparas.Results The minimum age of the primiparas surveyed was 19,the maximum was 38,and the average was(24.2 ± 6.5) years.A total of 202 primiparas received college education or above,accounting for 64.1%(202/315).The HBs Ag carriers accounted for 10.2%(32/315).The awareness rate of knowledge related to hepatitis B was54.0%(170/315),and the awareness rate of hepatitis B vaccination knowledge was 44.8%(141/315).There were statistically significant differences in the awareness rates of hepatitis B vaccination among primiparas with different literacy levels,family monthly per capita income,occupation,spouse education level,and the experience of having been vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine.(χ~2= 8.268,8.272,14.146,10.520,8.253,P<0.05).Multi-factorial results show that the awareness rate of hepatitis B vaccination among primiparas with college education and above was 3.785 times that of primiparas with high school education and below(OR = 3.785,95% CI = 1.112 ～ 12.865).The awareness rate of employees in government agencies and institutions was 6.472 times that of worker,farmers,self-employed persons,and waiters.The awareness rate of the HBs Ag carriers themselves was 8.412 times that of non-carriers.(OR = 8.412,95% CI = 1.508 ～ 40.123).Conclusion The degree of education,occupation,and whether HBs Ag carriers are important influencing factors in the awareness rate of hepatitis B vaccination among primiparas.Health education should be targeted to strengthen the knowledge of hepatitis B vaccination.
Objective To understand the status of awareness of the knowledge related to hepatitis B vaccination among primipara and to explore the influencing factors.Methods Questionnaire survey was used to collect data on the knowledge of hepatitis B vaccination among 315 primiparas.Results The minimum age of the primiparas surveyed was 19,the maximum was 38,and the average was(24.2 ± 6.5) years.A total of 202 primiparas received college education or above,accounting for 64.1%(202/315).The HBs Ag carriers accounted for 10.2%(32/315).The awareness rate of knowledge related to hepatitis B was54.0%(170/315),and the awareness rate of hepatitis B vaccination knowledge was 44.8%(141/315).There were statistically significant differences in the awareness rates of hepatitis B vaccination among primiparas with different literacy levels,family monthly per capita income,occupation,spouse education level,and the experience of having been vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine.(χ~2= 8.268,8.272,14.146,10.520,8.253,P<0.05).Multi-factorial results show that the awareness rate of hepatitis B vaccination among primiparas with college education and above was 3.785 times that of primiparas with high school education and below(OR = 3.785,95% CI = 1.112 ～ 12.865).The awareness rate of employees in government agencies and institutions was 6.472 times that of worker,farmers,self-employed persons,and waiters.The awareness rate of the HBs Ag carriers themselves was 8.412 times that of non-carriers.(OR = 8.412,95% CI = 1.508 ～ 40.123).Conclusion The degree of education,occupation,and whether HBs Ag carriers are important influencing factors in the awareness rate of hepatitis B vaccination among primiparas.Health education should be targeted to strengthen the knowledge of hepatitis B vaccination.
引文
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[13]韩振艳,白小艺,张媛,等.初次产检孕妇对HBV感染和母婴传播防治知识知晓率的横断面调查[J].中山大学学报(医学版),2018,39(1):138-144.
[14]黄歆,周莉,牟李红,等.乙型肝炎高危儿免疫预防效果及乙肝病毒母婴传播影响因素分析[J].中国当代儿科杂志,2016,18(5):410-414.
[15]刘秋云,陈小萍,李育群.某市监护人疫苗接种知识态度和接种及时率的调查[J].国际护理学杂志,2017,36(14):1914-1916.
[2]李舣婷,林潮双.慢性乙型肝炎病毒母婴阻断的研究现状与争议[J].世界华人消化杂志,2017,25(30):2672-2680.
[3]史毓.不同人群对乙肝相关知识的了解情况及防治对策[J].中国实用医药,2016,11(1):270-271.
[4]魏秀芳,孟庆辉.儿童乙型肝炎疫苗接种的免疫效果评价[J].中国保健营养,2017,27(3):87.
[5]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.中国病毒性肝炎防治规划(2017-2020年)[J].中国病毒病杂志,2018,8(1):1-5.
[6]于凤艳.乙型肝炎疫苗预防接种与疑似不良反应[J].中国保健营养,2017,27(7):42.
[7]邱凤,刘国义,孙国建.慢性乙型肝炎的预防与治疗[J].中国医药指南,2017,15(3):62-63.
[8]王平贵,张晓曙,安婧,等.甘肃省孕产妇乙型肝炎知识知晓率调查[J].中国公共卫生,2016,32(8):1085-1088.
[9]李宝珍,宋兴坤,高建同,等.477名新生儿乙肝疫苗初次免疫效果及影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生管理,2016,32(2):263-264.
[10]郑积才,陈和敏.乙肝疫苗联合乙肝免疫球蛋白阻断乙肝母婴垂直传播的疗效及影响因素研究[J].中国全科医学,2017,20(s1):96-98.
[11]于艳丽,杨海东,余运贤.北仑区乙肝患者家属主动接种乙肝疫苗现状及其影响因素调查[J].浙江预防医学,2016,28(5):498-499.
[12]唐京燕.新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗免疫接种影响因素分析[J].母婴世界,2016,16(13):89.
[13]韩振艳,白小艺,张媛,等.初次产检孕妇对HBV感染和母婴传播防治知识知晓率的横断面调查[J].中山大学学报(医学版),2018,39(1):138-144.
[14]黄歆,周莉,牟李红,等.乙型肝炎高危儿免疫预防效果及乙肝病毒母婴传播影响因素分析[J].中国当代儿科杂志,2016,18(5):410-414.
[15]刘秋云,陈小萍,李育群.某市监护人疫苗接种知识态度和接种及时率的调查[J].国际护理学杂志,2017,36(14):1914-1916.