滇西北珠子参田间主要病害发生情况调查初报
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摘要
为保障滇西北珠子参产业健康持续的发展,2017年在珠子参大田发病高峰期,采用五点取样法对滇西北5个连片珠子参种植基地开展病害调查,统计各调查点发病株数,计算发病率和病情指数;同时观察并记录各观测点的种植模式。滇西北珠子参主要病害有3种,分别为圆斑病、黑斑病和锈病;其他病害如灰霉病、白粉病、炭疽病和疫病也有不同程度的发生。农事措施得当的观测点病害发生情况相对较低,与重楼套种或杂草滋生的观测点的发病率相对较高。圆斑病、黑斑病和锈病是珠子参生产上危害最严重的病害,可采取选择地势较高、通风效果较好、排水条件通畅的地块进行建园,设计避雨遮阴棚,可极大限度地降低珠子参病害的发生程度。
The paper aims to ensure a healthy and sustainable development of Panax japonicus var. major industry in northwest Yunnan. In 2017, we investigated the diseases in 5 contiguous P. japonicus var. major planting bases during the disease peak time using a five-point sampling investigation method, counted thenumber of diseased plant, and calculated the morbidity and the disease index. There were 3 kinds of maindiseases of P. japonicus var. major in northwest Yunnan, including round spot disease, black spot and rustdisease. Other diseases also occurred in varying degrees, such as botrytis cinerea, powdery mildew,anthracnose and phytophthora blight. The incidence rate under proper farming operation was relatively lowerthan that under the intercropping with rhizoma paridis or in observation points with widespread weeds. Themost serious diseases of P. japonicus var. major production were round spot disease, black spot and rustdisease. Therefore, using proper farming operation, such as designing a shelter and building a cultivationgarden in high ground with well-ventilation and drainage condition, could greatly reduce the occurrencedegree of the diseases.
The paper aims to ensure a healthy and sustainable development of Panax japonicus var. major industry in northwest Yunnan. In 2017, we investigated the diseases in 5 contiguous P. japonicus var. major planting bases during the disease peak time using a five-point sampling investigation method, counted thenumber of diseased plant, and calculated the morbidity and the disease index. There were 3 kinds of maindiseases of P. japonicus var. major in northwest Yunnan, including round spot disease, black spot and rustdisease. Other diseases also occurred in varying degrees, such as botrytis cinerea, powdery mildew,anthracnose and phytophthora blight. The incidence rate under proper farming operation was relatively lowerthan that under the intercropping with rhizoma paridis or in observation points with widespread weeds. Themost serious diseases of P. japonicus var. major production were round spot disease, black spot and rustdisease. Therefore, using proper farming operation, such as designing a shelter and building a cultivationgarden in high ground with well-ventilation and drainage condition, could greatly reduce the occurrencedegree of the diseases.
引文
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[19]吴照祥,郝志鹏,陈永亮,等.三七根腐病株根际土壤真菌群落组成与碳源利用特征研究[J].菌物学报,2015,34(01):65-74.
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[21]赵宏光,夏鹏国,韦美膛,等.土壤水分含量对三七根生长、有效成分积累及根腐病发病率的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2014,42(2):173-178.
[22]曹坳程,刘晓漫,郭美霞,等.作物土传病害的危害及防治技术[J].植物保护,2017,43(2):6-16.
[23]曹坳程.土传病害的危害及防治技术[J].营销界,2017(3):35-36.
[24]陈瑶瑶,张双照,严良文,等.苦瓜几种主要病害及其防治措施[J].南方农业,2011,5(6):23-24.
[25]李世东,缪作清,高卫东.我国农林园艺作物土传病害发生和防治现状及对策分析[J].中国生物防治学报,2011,27(4):433-440.
[26]俞思佳,张佐双,雷增普,等.北京地区牡丹和芍药主要病害的综合防治[J].北京林业大学学报,1993(2):103-108.
[2]何瑞,刘琦,刘银环,等.珠子参叶化学成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,2014,39(9):1635-1638.
[3]武秋爽,陈平,张庆文.竹节参化学成分、药理活性及分析方法研究进展[J].亚太传统医药,2016,12(6):46-54.
[4]Chan H H,Hwang T L,Reddy M V,et al.Bioactive constituents from the roots of Panax japonicus var.major and development of a LC-MS/MS method for distinguishing between natural and artifactual compounds[J].J Nat Prod,2011,74(4):796-802.
[5]张海元,李小辉,梅双喜,等.珠子参化学成分研究进展[J].中草药,2017,48(14):2997-3004.
[6]李敏.珠子参化学成分及生物活性研究[D].吉林:吉林大学,2017.
[7]张绍鹏,金健,胡炳雄,等.珍稀药用植物珠子参的转录组测序及分析[J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(11):2084-2089.
[8]赵东东,宋小妹,汤海峰,等.珠子参叶的皂苷成分研究[J].中南药学,2013,11(2):85-88.
[9]王桂芹,努尔巴衣·阿布都沙勒克.珠子参根茎结构特征与皂苷积累的动态变化关系[J].植物研究,2011,31(3):284-288.
[10]包旭,詹常森,肖倬殷.近十年来珠子参的皂甙成分及药理研究进展[J].华西药学杂志,1992(1):49-52.
[11]杨崇仁,伍明珠,周俊,等.珠子参叶的三萜皂甙成分[J].云南植物研究,1984(1):118-120.
[12]张海元,李小辉,梅双喜,等.珠子参化学成分研究进展[J].中草药,2017,48(14):2997-3004.
[13]唐启义,冯明光.DPS数据处理系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:758-768.
[14]周颖,韦继光,黄朝贵,等.广西田七病害及其与生态因子关系调查[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(6):947-954.
[15]郑殿家,赵晓龙,李学芝,等.人参、西洋参病害综合防治技术[J].人参研究,2006(1):36-38.
[16]车喜庆,付俊范,李自博,等.长白山区人参菌核病发生为害及其病原生物学研究[J].中国植保导刊,2015,35(1):5-9.
[17]汪静,梁宗锁,康冰,等.文山三七根腐病病原真菌的鉴定与药剂防治[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(1):158-163.
[18]杨建忠,崔秀明,陈昱君,等.连作地土壤处理对三七根腐病的控制效果[J].特产研究,2010,32(2):37-39.
[19]吴照祥,郝志鹏,陈永亮,等.三七根腐病株根际土壤真菌群落组成与碳源利用特征研究[J].菌物学报,2015,34(01):65-74.
[20]强薇,郭帅,张爱华,等.人参根际土壤中拮抗人参病害微生物的筛选[J].华南农业大学学报,2014,35(5):76-81.
[21]赵宏光,夏鹏国,韦美膛,等.土壤水分含量对三七根生长、有效成分积累及根腐病发病率的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2014,42(2):173-178.
[22]曹坳程,刘晓漫,郭美霞,等.作物土传病害的危害及防治技术[J].植物保护,2017,43(2):6-16.
[23]曹坳程.土传病害的危害及防治技术[J].营销界,2017(3):35-36.
[24]陈瑶瑶,张双照,严良文,等.苦瓜几种主要病害及其防治措施[J].南方农业,2011,5(6):23-24.
[25]李世东,缪作清,高卫东.我国农林园艺作物土传病害发生和防治现状及对策分析[J].中国生物防治学报,2011,27(4):433-440.
[26]俞思佳,张佐双,雷增普,等.北京地区牡丹和芍药主要病害的综合防治[J].北京林业大学学报,1993(2):103-108.