考虑停车距离的载货汽车制动危险状态辨识
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摘要
通过对紧急制动下的停车距离计算,可间接预测出车辆的安全行驶间距,从而实现车辆防追尾避撞。以载货汽车为研究对象,提出了停车距离模型参数计算方法,从制动距离影响因素着手,通过对驾驶员制动反应时间、制动管路压力、制动蹄片温度、路面附着系数等停车距离的影响参数分析,建立了停车距离分析模型;通过空挡怠速、滑行试验来标定了制动距离计算模型中车辆内外阻力参数;最后综合考虑制动距离、驾驶员反应距离和路面情况,建立在人-车-路闭环系统下多参数融合的载货汽车停车距离模型,提出了载货汽车制动危险状态辨识方法;在不同工况下对停车距离进行仿真试验及实车道路试验,通过对仿真结果和试验结果的分析,验证了停车距离计算模型的可行性,为车辆运行安全状态预警技术的研究提供理论依据和技术支持。
Through the calculation of the stopping distance under the emergency braking,the vehicle safety driving distance can be predicted indirectly,so as to realize aim that preventing rear-end collision. Take truck as the research object,this paper puts forward calculation method of the parameters of stopping distance model. Start with the influence factors of braking distance,through to analyze influence factors of stopping distance as the driver braking reaction time,brake line pressure,brake shoe temperature,and road adhesion coefficient,the analysis model of stopping distance is established. Internal and external resistance parameters of the vehicle are calculated by idling and sliding test. Finally,considering braking distance,the driver reaction distance and the road condition,the multi-parameter fusion of truck stopping distance model was built in human-vehicle-road closed-loop system,the identification method of ruck brake safety status is proposed;Braking distance calculation model was simulated and road brake test was carried out in different operating conditions. Through the analysis of simulation and test results,the feasibility of the model that calculate the stopping distance was verified,This research provides a theoretical basis for early warning of truck risk status.
Through the calculation of the stopping distance under the emergency braking,the vehicle safety driving distance can be predicted indirectly,so as to realize aim that preventing rear-end collision. Take truck as the research object,this paper puts forward calculation method of the parameters of stopping distance model. Start with the influence factors of braking distance,through to analyze influence factors of stopping distance as the driver braking reaction time,brake line pressure,brake shoe temperature,and road adhesion coefficient,the analysis model of stopping distance is established. Internal and external resistance parameters of the vehicle are calculated by idling and sliding test. Finally,considering braking distance,the driver reaction distance and the road condition,the multi-parameter fusion of truck stopping distance model was built in human-vehicle-road closed-loop system,the identification method of ruck brake safety status is proposed;Braking distance calculation model was simulated and road brake test was carried out in different operating conditions. Through the analysis of simulation and test results,the feasibility of the model that calculate the stopping distance was verified,This research provides a theoretical basis for early warning of truck risk status.
引文
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[4]王伟杰,王春磊,王玖.高速公路最小行车安全距离及预警系统设计[J].大连交通大学学报,2010,31(5):6-10+20.(Wang Wei-jie,Wang Chun-lei,Wang Jiu.High way minimum driving safe distance calculation and early-warning system design[J].Journal of Dalian Jiaotong University,2010,31(5):6-10+20.)
[5]胡昌斌,沈金荣,陈友杰.长下坡路段货车毂式制动器摩擦衬片温升规律.交通运输工程学报,2009,9(4):49-55.(Hu Chang-bin,Shen Jin-rong,Chen You-jie.Temperature-rising laws of drum brake pad for truck on long downgrades[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2009,9(4):49-55.)
[6]Kloeppel,E.,Peters,R.D.,James,C.,Fox,J.E.and Alicandri,E.Comparison of older and younger driver the human factors and ergonomics society,38th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,Part 2(of 2),24-28 October 1994,Nashville,Tennessee,USA.
[7]Nishida,Y.Driving Characteristics of The Elderly:Risk Compensation of The Elderly Driver From The Viewpoint of Reaction Behavior.Japan.Soc.Auto.Eng.Rev.,1999(20):375-380.
[8]刘长亮.鼓式制动器动力学分析及制动性能优化[D].长春:吉林大学,2011.(Liu Chang-liang.Dynamic analysis and braking performance optimization of drum brake[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2011.)
[9]姚雪萍.载货汽车危险状态辨识及监测预警研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.(Yao Xue-ping,Research on identification and monitoring and early warning for truck statues[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2014.)
[2]C.Chen,G.Wagner.Prediction of Heavy Truck Stopping Distance and Vehicle Behavior using Real-time HIL and SIL Simulation[C]//SAE paper,2008-01-2604.
[3]孙文财,李君,李世武.载货汽车制动蹄片磨损动态检测预警策略.吉林大学学报:工学版,2014,44(5).(Sun Wen-cai,Li Jun,Li Shi-wu.Dynaminc detection and early-warning strategy of wear of brake shoe of truck.Journal of Jilin University:Engineer and Technology Edition,2014,44(5).)
[4]王伟杰,王春磊,王玖.高速公路最小行车安全距离及预警系统设计[J].大连交通大学学报,2010,31(5):6-10+20.(Wang Wei-jie,Wang Chun-lei,Wang Jiu.High way minimum driving safe distance calculation and early-warning system design[J].Journal of Dalian Jiaotong University,2010,31(5):6-10+20.)
[5]胡昌斌,沈金荣,陈友杰.长下坡路段货车毂式制动器摩擦衬片温升规律.交通运输工程学报,2009,9(4):49-55.(Hu Chang-bin,Shen Jin-rong,Chen You-jie.Temperature-rising laws of drum brake pad for truck on long downgrades[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2009,9(4):49-55.)
[6]Kloeppel,E.,Peters,R.D.,James,C.,Fox,J.E.and Alicandri,E.Comparison of older and younger driver the human factors and ergonomics society,38th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,Part 2(of 2),24-28 October 1994,Nashville,Tennessee,USA.
[7]Nishida,Y.Driving Characteristics of The Elderly:Risk Compensation of The Elderly Driver From The Viewpoint of Reaction Behavior.Japan.Soc.Auto.Eng.Rev.,1999(20):375-380.
[8]刘长亮.鼓式制动器动力学分析及制动性能优化[D].长春:吉林大学,2011.(Liu Chang-liang.Dynamic analysis and braking performance optimization of drum brake[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2011.)
[9]姚雪萍.载货汽车危险状态辨识及监测预警研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.(Yao Xue-ping,Research on identification and monitoring and early warning for truck statues[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2014.)