碾压混凝土HJC动态本构模型修正及数值验证
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摘要
研究高应变率冲击爆炸荷载作用下水工碾压混凝土大坝结构的动力响应,离不开对筑坝材料动态力学特性和本构关系的深入认识。参考实际水工混凝土大坝筑坝材料的配合比和施工方式,制备碾压混凝土试样,分别开展了静态压缩试验和分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验,以探求碾压混凝土的动态力学特性。基于静、动态力学试验结果,对目前多用于描述混凝土类材料高应变率下力学行为的HJC模型的强度面、应变率增强效应和破坏准则进行了修正,并利用有限元计算手段,建立SHPB试验的数值模型,以验证修正HJC模型的有效性。结果表明:碾压混凝土在高应变率冲击荷载下的动态力学特性表现出明显的应变率效应,动态压缩强度随应变率增加而提高,且与试样尺寸有关。基于试验数据的改进HJC模型有效预测了碾压混凝土在高应变率冲击荷载作用下的动态力学行为,数值计算得到的重构应力——应变曲线基本与SHPB试验结果吻合,采用最大主应变失效准则模拟得到了与SHPB试验加载过程中接近的试样损伤破坏模式,研究成果可用于碾压混凝土结构的抗冲击爆炸设计中。
It is necessary to understand the dynamic mechanical behaviors and constitutive relations of dam materials in studying the dynamic response of hydraulic roller-compacted concrete(RCC) dam withstand high strain rate loads of impact and explosion. Referring to the mix proportion and the construction method of practical hydraulic concrete dam, RCC specimens were prepared and static compression test and split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) test were conducted to explore the dynamic mechanics of RCC. The HJC model which has been widely used to describe the mechanical behavior of concrete under high strain rate was modified including strength surface, strain rate strengthening effect and failure criterion based on the static and dynamic mechanical test results of RCC. Then SHPB experiment was simulated via the finite element method to verify the effectiveness of modified HJC model. The results demonstrate that the dynamic mechanical properties of RCC under high strain rate impact loading show obvious strain rate effect, the dynamic compressive strength increases with strain rate and is related to the specimen size. The reconstructed stress-strain curve obtained by the numerical simulation matches the SHPB test and the maximum principal strain failure criterion can describe the damage process of RCC specimen during SHPB tests well, so that the improved HJC model basing on test data can predict the dynamic mechanical behavior of RCC under high strain rate loading. The research findings can be used in the anti-impact and explosion design of RCC structures.
It is necessary to understand the dynamic mechanical behaviors and constitutive relations of dam materials in studying the dynamic response of hydraulic roller-compacted concrete(RCC) dam withstand high strain rate loads of impact and explosion. Referring to the mix proportion and the construction method of practical hydraulic concrete dam, RCC specimens were prepared and static compression test and split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) test were conducted to explore the dynamic mechanics of RCC. The HJC model which has been widely used to describe the mechanical behavior of concrete under high strain rate was modified including strength surface, strain rate strengthening effect and failure criterion based on the static and dynamic mechanical test results of RCC. Then SHPB experiment was simulated via the finite element method to verify the effectiveness of modified HJC model. The results demonstrate that the dynamic mechanical properties of RCC under high strain rate impact loading show obvious strain rate effect, the dynamic compressive strength increases with strain rate and is related to the specimen size. The reconstructed stress-strain curve obtained by the numerical simulation matches the SHPB test and the maximum principal strain failure criterion can describe the damage process of RCC specimen during SHPB tests well, so that the improved HJC model basing on test data can predict the dynamic mechanical behavior of RCC under high strain rate loading. The research findings can be used in the anti-impact and explosion design of RCC structures.
引文
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[16] MALVAR L J,CRAWFORD J E,WESEVICH J W,et al.A plasticity concrete material model for DYNA3D[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,1997,19(9/10):847-873.
[17] 闫东明,林皋,徐平.三向应力状态下混凝土动态强度和变形特性研究[J].工程力学,2007,24(3):58-64.YAN Dongming,LIN Gao,XU Ping.Dynamic strength and deformation of concrete in triaxial stress states[J].Engineering Mechanics,2007,24(3):58-64.
[18] 王四巍.单轴和三轴应力下塑性混凝土性能研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2010.
[19] CEB-FIP M C.90,Design of concrete structures.CEB-FIP Model Code 1990[M].British Standard Institution,London,1993.
[20] LI Q M,MENG H.About the dynamic strength enhancement of concrete-like materials in a split Hopkinson pressure bar test [J].International Journal of Solids & Structures,2003,40(2):343-360.
[21] ZHANG S R,WANG X H,WANG C,et al.Compressive behavior and constitutive model for roller compacted concrete under impact loading:Considering vertical stratification[J].Construction & Building Materials,2017,151:428-440.
[22] 孔源.高应变率下碾压混凝土动态损伤本构模型参数确定方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2014.
[2] 张社荣,王高辉.混凝土重力坝抗爆性能及抗爆措施研究[J].水利学报,2012,43(10):1202-1213.ZHANG Sherong,WANG Gaohui.Study on the antiknock performance and measures of concrete gravity dam [J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(10):1202-1213.
[3] 本社.水工建筑物抗震设计规范[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2001.
[4] 张凌晨.碾压混凝土重力坝动力模型试验及数值模拟分析[D].大连:大连理工大学,2016.
[5] 刘传雄,李玉龙,吴子燕,等.混凝土材料的动态压缩破坏机理及本构关系[J].振动与冲击,2011,30(5):1-5.LIU Chuanxiong,LI Yulong,WU Ziyan,et al.Failure mechanism and constitutive model of a concrete material under dynamic compressive loads [J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2011,30(5):1-5.
[6] 万征,姚仰平,孟达.复杂加载下混凝土的弹塑性本构模型[J].力学学报,2016,48(5):1159-1171.WAN Zheng,YAO Yangping,MENG Da.An elastoplastic constitutive model of concrete under complicated load [J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2016,48(5):1159-1171.
[7] CUI J,HAO H,SHI Y.Discussion on the suitability of concrete constitutive models for high-rate response predictions of RC structures [J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2017,106:202-216.
[8] HOLMQUIST T J,JOHNSON G R,COOK W H.A computational constitutive model for concrete subjected to large strains,high strain rates,and high pressures[C].In:Michael JM,Joseph EB,editor,Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Ballistics.Quebec,Canada;1993.
[9] 巫绪涛,孙善飞,李和平.用HJC本构模型模拟混凝土SHPB实验[J].爆炸与冲击,2009,29(2):137-142.WU Xutao,SUN Shanfei,LI Heping.Numerical simulation of SHPB tests for concrete by using HJC model [J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,29(2):137-142.
[10] 吴赛,赵均海,王娟,等.基于砼SHPB试验数值分析的HJC模型参数研究[J].计算力学学报,2015(6):789-795.WU Sai,ZHAO Junhai,WANG Juan,et al.Study on parameters of HJC constitutive model based on numerical simulation of concrete SHPB test [J].Chineses Jouranl of Computational Mechanic,2015(6):789-795.
[11] 任根茂,吴昊,方秦,等.普通混凝土 HJC 本构模型参数确定[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(18):9-16.REN Genmao,WU Hao,FANG Qin,et al.Determinations of HJC constitutive model parameters for normal strength concrete [J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,35(18):9-16.
[12] KONG X,FANG Q,WU H,et al.Numerical predictions of cratering and scabbing in concrete slabs subjected to projectile impact using a modified version of HJC material model[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2016,95:61-71.
[13] 本社.水工混凝土配合比设计规程[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2006.
[14] 王继庄.粗粒料的变形特性和缩尺效应[J].岩土工程学报,1994,16(4):89-95.WANG Jizhuang.Deformation characteristic and scale effect of coarse aggregate material [J].Chineses Journal of Geotechnical Engigeering,1994,16(4):89-95.
[15] 邓荣贵.碾压混凝土力学特性及本构模型研究[J].西南交通大学学报,2002,37(1):19-25.DENG Ronggui.Mechanical properties of roller compacted concrete [J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2002,37(1):19-25.
[16] MALVAR L J,CRAWFORD J E,WESEVICH J W,et al.A plasticity concrete material model for DYNA3D[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,1997,19(9/10):847-873.
[17] 闫东明,林皋,徐平.三向应力状态下混凝土动态强度和变形特性研究[J].工程力学,2007,24(3):58-64.YAN Dongming,LIN Gao,XU Ping.Dynamic strength and deformation of concrete in triaxial stress states[J].Engineering Mechanics,2007,24(3):58-64.
[18] 王四巍.单轴和三轴应力下塑性混凝土性能研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2010.
[19] CEB-FIP M C.90,Design of concrete structures.CEB-FIP Model Code 1990[M].British Standard Institution,London,1993.
[20] LI Q M,MENG H.About the dynamic strength enhancement of concrete-like materials in a split Hopkinson pressure bar test [J].International Journal of Solids & Structures,2003,40(2):343-360.
[21] ZHANG S R,WANG X H,WANG C,et al.Compressive behavior and constitutive model for roller compacted concrete under impact loading:Considering vertical stratification[J].Construction & Building Materials,2017,151:428-440.
[22] 孔源.高应变率下碾压混凝土动态损伤本构模型参数确定方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2014.