带自动灭火装置的车用锂电池箱盖系统开发与验证
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摘要
基于主、被动安全相结合的思路,针对目前车载锂电池包热失控主动监测与预防措施存在的不足,开发一种带自动灭火装置的锂电池箱盖系统。通过燃烧试验测出单块三元锂电池及其主要组件的燃烧特性,得到相应的温度及热释放速率曲线;以此为基础,确定箱盖系统总体设计方案,并对火灾探测模块及灭火模块进行选型和设计;最后,结合Semenov热失控原理、传热学理论及GB50084—2017的设计要求,验证箱盖系统应用在某电动车锂电池箱中的灭火效果。结果表明:该箱盖系统能有效监测并扑灭锂电池包早期局部火灾,并持续冷却降温,防止火灾复燃,具有较强的市场推广潜力。
In view of the shortcomings in the measures for monitoring and preventing the thermal runaway of vehicle lithium battery,a lithium battery cover system with an automatic extinguishing device was developed.For developing the system,combustion characteristics of a single ternary lithium-ion battery and its main components were measured by carrying out combustion tests,and corresponding temperature and heat release rate curves were obtained. Based on this,the overall design scheme of the cover system was determined,and the fire detection module and fire extinguishing module were selected and designed.Finally,combined with Semenov thermal runaway principle, heat transfer theory and the design requirements of GB50084-2017,the fire extinguishing effect of the cover system applied to a battery pack of an electric vehicle is verified. The results show that the cover system can effectively monitor and extinguish the early local fire of battery pack,and keep cooling to prevent the fire from re-igniting,which has a strong marketing potential.
In view of the shortcomings in the measures for monitoring and preventing the thermal runaway of vehicle lithium battery,a lithium battery cover system with an automatic extinguishing device was developed.For developing the system,combustion characteristics of a single ternary lithium-ion battery and its main components were measured by carrying out combustion tests,and corresponding temperature and heat release rate curves were obtained. Based on this,the overall design scheme of the cover system was determined,and the fire detection module and fire extinguishing module were selected and designed.Finally,combined with Semenov thermal runaway principle, heat transfer theory and the design requirements of GB50084-2017,the fire extinguishing effect of the cover system applied to a battery pack of an electric vehicle is verified. The results show that the cover system can effectively monitor and extinguish the early local fire of battery pack,and keep cooling to prevent the fire from re-igniting,which has a strong marketing potential.
引文
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[9]李毅,于东兴,张少禹,等.典型锂离子电池火灾灭火试验研究[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(6):120-125.LI Yi,YU Dongxing,ZHANG Shaoyu,et al. On the fire extinguishing tests of typical lithium-ion battery[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2015,15(6):120-125.
[10]刘大鹏,王煊军,夏本立,等.水成膜泡沫灭火剂的发展与应用[J].化学工程与装备,2013(2):139-142.
[11]陆聆泉.国家标准《手提式灭火器(第1部分)》修订介绍[J].消防科学与技术,2012,31(5):499-501.LU Lingquan. The modification of the national standard of “Portable fire extinguishers(part 1)”[J]. Fire Science and Technology,2012,31(5):499-501.
[12] GB 50084—2017,自动喷水灭火系统设计规范第9部分:水力计算[S].GB 50084-2017,Code for design of sprinkler systems-part 9:hydraulic computation[S].
[13] WANG Qingsong,PING Ping,ZHAO Xuejuan,et al. Thermal runaway caused fire and explosion of lithium ion battery[J].Journal of Power Sources,2012,208(24):210-224.
[14] LOPEZ C F,JEEVARAJAN J A,MUKHERJEE P P. Characterization of lithium-ion battery thermal abuse behavior using experimental and computational analysis[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2015,162(10):A2163-A2173.
[2]刘霏霏.微热管在电动汽车电池热管理系统中应用关键技术研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2016.LIU Feifei. Research on key technology of applying micro heat pipes in battery thermal management system for electric vehicles[D]. Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2016.
[3] GIULIANO M R,ADVANI S G,PRASAD A K. Thermal analysis and management of lithium-titanate batteries[J].Journal of Power Sources,2011,196(15):6 517-6 524.
[4]龚益民,刘军良,高俊伟.电动汽车动力电池组灭火装置的设计与研究[J].工业控制计算机,2018,31(3):95-96.GONG Yimin,LIU Junliang,GAO Junwei. Fire extinction equipment for power battery pack of electric vehicle[J].Industrial Control Computer,2018,31(3):95-96.
[5]金碚.中国制造2025[M].北京:中信出版社,2015:8-9.
[6]高飞,杨凯,李大贺,等.锂离子电池组件燃烧性及危险性评价[J].中国安全科学学报,2015,25(8):62-67.GAO Fei,YANG Kai,LI Dahe,et al. Evaluation of combustibility of lithium ion battery components and dangers they involve[J]. China Safety Science Journal,2015,25(8):62-67.
[7]黄鹊.锂离子电池典型可燃组件热安全性研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2018. 3.HUANG Que. Study of the thermal safety of typical combustible components in lithium-ion batteries[D]. Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China,2018. 3.
[8] FENG Xuning,FANG Mou,HE Xiangming,et al. Thermal runaway features of large format prismatic lithium-ion battery using extended volume accelerating rate calorimetry[J]. Journal of Power Sources,2014,255(6):294-301.
[9]李毅,于东兴,张少禹,等.典型锂离子电池火灾灭火试验研究[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(6):120-125.LI Yi,YU Dongxing,ZHANG Shaoyu,et al. On the fire extinguishing tests of typical lithium-ion battery[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2015,15(6):120-125.
[10]刘大鹏,王煊军,夏本立,等.水成膜泡沫灭火剂的发展与应用[J].化学工程与装备,2013(2):139-142.
[11]陆聆泉.国家标准《手提式灭火器(第1部分)》修订介绍[J].消防科学与技术,2012,31(5):499-501.LU Lingquan. The modification of the national standard of “Portable fire extinguishers(part 1)”[J]. Fire Science and Technology,2012,31(5):499-501.
[12] GB 50084—2017,自动喷水灭火系统设计规范第9部分:水力计算[S].GB 50084-2017,Code for design of sprinkler systems-part 9:hydraulic computation[S].
[13] WANG Qingsong,PING Ping,ZHAO Xuejuan,et al. Thermal runaway caused fire and explosion of lithium ion battery[J].Journal of Power Sources,2012,208(24):210-224.
[14] LOPEZ C F,JEEVARAJAN J A,MUKHERJEE P P. Characterization of lithium-ion battery thermal abuse behavior using experimental and computational analysis[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2015,162(10):A2163-A2173.