压力水作用下硬石膏岩膨胀性研究
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摘要
针对隧道工程中硬石膏围岩在压力水作用下的膨胀现象,设计加工了多功能膨胀仪。使用该仪器及MTS815岩石力学测试系统,对不同水压条件下硬石膏岩的轴向膨胀应变及侧向膨胀应力进行了测试,对压力水作用后硬石膏岩的含水状态及力学特性进行了测试。结果表明:水压越大,硬石膏岩的最大轴向膨胀应变及最大侧向膨胀应力越大,膨胀起始时间越短;随水压的增大,硬石膏岩的吸水率增大,结晶水率逐渐增大并趋于吸水率,而自由水率逐渐减小并趋于0;硬石膏岩的弹性模量和峰值强度随水压的增大而增大。这些说明水压能影响其含水状态,增强硬石膏岩的膨胀性,促进其膨胀的激活,提高其力学性能。基于试验结果,建立了压力水作用下的硬石膏岩吸水状态方程,并改进了湿度场理论体系中的膨胀本构模型。
With respect to the swelling of anhydrite rock surrounding the tunnel under the effect of pressured water, a multifunctional swelling test apparatus was designed and manufactured. Axial swelling strains and the lateral swelling stresses of anhydrite samples under different hydraulic pressures were tested by this test apparatus and the MTS815 rock mechanics testing system. Then the water-bearing state and mechanical performance of these samples were tested. The test results showed that when the hydraulic pressure became higher, the maximal axial swelling strain and lateral swelling stress became higher, meanwhile the activation time of swelling became shorter. With the increase of hydraulic pressure, water absorption by anhydrite increased, and the water in crystalline anhydrite phase gradually increased to maximum water absorption, while the free water gradually decreased and finally dropped to near zero. The elasticity modulus and peak strength increased with the increase of water hydraulic pressure. These indicated that the hydraulic pressure was able to increase the swelling behavior, promote the activation of swelling, influence the water conditions, and strengthen the mechanical performance. Based on the test results, the water absorption function with consideration of pressured water was established, and the swelling constitutive model in humidity stress field theory was improved.
With respect to the swelling of anhydrite rock surrounding the tunnel under the effect of pressured water, a multifunctional swelling test apparatus was designed and manufactured. Axial swelling strains and the lateral swelling stresses of anhydrite samples under different hydraulic pressures were tested by this test apparatus and the MTS815 rock mechanics testing system. Then the water-bearing state and mechanical performance of these samples were tested. The test results showed that when the hydraulic pressure became higher, the maximal axial swelling strain and lateral swelling stress became higher, meanwhile the activation time of swelling became shorter. With the increase of hydraulic pressure, water absorption by anhydrite increased, and the water in crystalline anhydrite phase gradually increased to maximum water absorption, while the free water gradually decreased and finally dropped to near zero. The elasticity modulus and peak strength increased with the increase of water hydraulic pressure. These indicated that the hydraulic pressure was able to increase the swelling behavior, promote the activation of swelling, influence the water conditions, and strengthen the mechanical performance. Based on the test results, the water absorption function with consideration of pressured water was established, and the swelling constitutive model in humidity stress field theory was improved.
引文
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[13]陈钒,吴建勋,任松,等.基于湿度应力场理论的硬石膏岩膨胀试验研究[J].岩土力学,2018,39(3):1-9.CHEN Fan,WU Jian-xun,REN Song,et al.The swelling tests of anhydrite based on the humidity stress field theory[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(3):1-9.
[14]RAUH F.Investigations on the swellng behavior of pur anhydrites[J].Engineering Geology,2007,4(10):e7413.
[15]BERDUGO I R,ALONSO E,RAMON A.Extreme expansive phenomena in anhydritic-gypsiferous claystone:the case of Lilla tunnel[J].Géotechnique,2013,63(7):584-612.
[16]ANAGNOSTOU G,PIMENTEL D I E.Swelling of sulphatic claystones-some fundamental questions and their practical relevance/.Quellen von sulfatführenden Tonsteinen-Themen der Grundlagenforschung und ihre praktische Bedeutung[J].Geomechanik Und Tunnelbau,2010,3(5):567-572.
[17]RAMON TARRAGONA A.Expansion mechanisms in sulphated rocks and soils[R].[S.l.]:Universitat pública De Catalunya,2014.
[18]OLDECOP L,ALONSO E.Modelling the degradation and swelling of clayey rocks bearing calcium-sulphate[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2012,54(22):90-102.
[19]白冷,彭家惠,张建新,等.天然硬石膏水化硬化研究[J].非金属矿,2008,31(4):1-3.BAI Leng,PENG Jia-hui,ZHANG Jian-xin,et al.Study on hydration and hardening of natural anhydrite[J].Non-Metallic Mines,2008,31(4):1-3.
[20]詹志雄,文江泉,吴光,等.膨胀岩土体湿度本构模型的探讨[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1998,(2):49-54.ZHAN Zhi-xiong,WEN Jiang-quan,WU Guang,et al.Research on wet constitutive model of swelling and soil mass[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,1998,(2):49-54.
[21]郁时炼,茅献彪,卢爱红.湿度场对膨胀岩巷道围岩变形影响规律的研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(4):402-405.YU Shi-lian,MAO Xian-biao,LU Ai-hong.Study of deformation rule of swelling rock roadway under the humidity field[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(4):402-405.
[22]任松,邓高岭,吴建勋,等.石膏岩淡水浸泡软化试验研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(4):943-950.REN Song,DENG Gao-ling,WU Jian-xun,et al.Immersion tests on gypsum rocks using fresh water[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(4):943-950.
[23]吴建勋,任松,范金洋,等.考虑软化效应的隧道围岩自稳时间解析模型[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(3):68-75.WU Jian-xun,REN Song,FAN Jin-yang,et al.Analytical model for stand-up time of rock mass surrounding tunnel with consideration of softening effect[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2017,49(3):68-75.
[24]任松,文永江,姜德义,等.泥岩夹层软化试验研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(11):3110-3116.REN Song,WEN Yong-jiang,JIANG De-yi,et al.Experimental research on softening in mudstone interlayer[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(11):3110-3116.
[2]范秋雁.膨胀岩与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:11-12.FAN Qiu-yan.Swelling rock and engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008:11-12.
[3]吴建勋,任松,欧阳汛,等.石膏质岩膨胀性及其对隧道仰拱影响研究[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,45(1):142-149.WU Jian-xun,REN Song,OUYANG Xun,et al.Research on swelling of gypsiferous rock and its influence on invert arch of tunnel[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2018,45(1):142-149.
[4]杨庆,廖国华,吴顺川.膨胀岩三维膨胀本构关系的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1995,14(1):33-38.YANG Qing,LIAO Guo-hua,WU Shun-chuan.The reseach of 3-D sweeling constitutive relation of swelling rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1995,14(1):33-38.
[5]缪协兴,茅献彪,卢爱红,等.湿度应力场理论在软岩巷道围岩稳定性控制中的应用[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2002,19(3):1-2,5.MIU Xie-xing,MAO Xian-biao,LU Ai-hong,et al.Application of the humid stress theory on the soft surrounding rock stability control around coal mining roadway[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2002,19(3):1-2,5.
[6]朱珍德,张爱军,张勇,等.基于湿度应力场理论的膨胀岩弹塑性本构关系[J].岩土力学,2004,25(5):700-702.ZHU Zhen-de,ZHANG Ai-jun,ZHANG Yong,et al.Elastoplastic constitutive law of swelling rock based on humidity stress field theory[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(5):700-702.
[7]朱珍德,邢福东,刘汉龙,等.红砂岩膨胀力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(4):596-600.ZHU Zhen-de,XING Fu-dong,LIU Han-long,et al.Testing study on the swelling mechanical behavior of red sandstone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(4):596-600.
[8]刘静德,李青云,龚壁卫.南水北调中线膨胀岩膨胀特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(5):826-830.LIU Jing-de,LI Qing-yun,GNONG Bi-wei.Swelling properties of expansive rock in Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(5):826-830.
[9]罗健.含膏岩系及其对隧道工程的影响[J].西南交通大学学报,1978,(1):63-72.LUO Jian.Gypsum-bearing rock group and its effect on tunnel engineering[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,1978,(1):63-72.
[10]何本国,朱永全,孙明磊,等.膏溶角砾岩隧道支护体系力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(5):945-952.HE Ben-guo,ZHU Yong-quan,SUN Ming-lei,et al.Experimental study of mechanical characteristics of support system for tunnel in gypsum breccia stratum[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(5):945-952.
[11]刘艳敏,余宏明,汪灿,等.白云岩层中硬石膏岩对隧道结构危害机制研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(9):2704-2709.LIU Yan-min,YU Hong-ming,WANG Can,et al.Research on mechanism of damage of anhydrock in dolomite layer to tunnel structure[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(9):2704-2709.
[12]吴银亮.石膏质岩工程地质特性及其对隧道混凝土结构危害机制研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2013:12-35.WU Yin-liang.The engineering geological characteristic gypsum rock and the damage mechanism on tunnel concrete structure[D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences,2013:12-35.
[13]陈钒,吴建勋,任松,等.基于湿度应力场理论的硬石膏岩膨胀试验研究[J].岩土力学,2018,39(3):1-9.CHEN Fan,WU Jian-xun,REN Song,et al.The swelling tests of anhydrite based on the humidity stress field theory[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(3):1-9.
[14]RAUH F.Investigations on the swellng behavior of pur anhydrites[J].Engineering Geology,2007,4(10):e7413.
[15]BERDUGO I R,ALONSO E,RAMON A.Extreme expansive phenomena in anhydritic-gypsiferous claystone:the case of Lilla tunnel[J].Géotechnique,2013,63(7):584-612.
[16]ANAGNOSTOU G,PIMENTEL D I E.Swelling of sulphatic claystones-some fundamental questions and their practical relevance/.Quellen von sulfatführenden Tonsteinen-Themen der Grundlagenforschung und ihre praktische Bedeutung[J].Geomechanik Und Tunnelbau,2010,3(5):567-572.
[17]RAMON TARRAGONA A.Expansion mechanisms in sulphated rocks and soils[R].[S.l.]:Universitat pública De Catalunya,2014.
[18]OLDECOP L,ALONSO E.Modelling the degradation and swelling of clayey rocks bearing calcium-sulphate[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2012,54(22):90-102.
[19]白冷,彭家惠,张建新,等.天然硬石膏水化硬化研究[J].非金属矿,2008,31(4):1-3.BAI Leng,PENG Jia-hui,ZHANG Jian-xin,et al.Study on hydration and hardening of natural anhydrite[J].Non-Metallic Mines,2008,31(4):1-3.
[20]詹志雄,文江泉,吴光,等.膨胀岩土体湿度本构模型的探讨[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1998,(2):49-54.ZHAN Zhi-xiong,WEN Jiang-quan,WU Guang,et al.Research on wet constitutive model of swelling and soil mass[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,1998,(2):49-54.
[21]郁时炼,茅献彪,卢爱红.湿度场对膨胀岩巷道围岩变形影响规律的研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(4):402-405.YU Shi-lian,MAO Xian-biao,LU Ai-hong.Study of deformation rule of swelling rock roadway under the humidity field[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(4):402-405.
[22]任松,邓高岭,吴建勋,等.石膏岩淡水浸泡软化试验研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(4):943-950.REN Song,DENG Gao-ling,WU Jian-xun,et al.Immersion tests on gypsum rocks using fresh water[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(4):943-950.
[23]吴建勋,任松,范金洋,等.考虑软化效应的隧道围岩自稳时间解析模型[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(3):68-75.WU Jian-xun,REN Song,FAN Jin-yang,et al.Analytical model for stand-up time of rock mass surrounding tunnel with consideration of softening effect[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2017,49(3):68-75.
[24]任松,文永江,姜德义,等.泥岩夹层软化试验研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(11):3110-3116.REN Song,WEN Yong-jiang,JIANG De-yi,et al.Experimental research on softening in mudstone interlayer[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(11):3110-3116.