不同布置形态下刚性淹没植被对水流特性的影响
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摘要
自然河道中植被呈现多种多样的分布状态,为探究不同布置形态下刚性淹没植被对水流特性的影响,利用室内水槽模拟含刚性淹没植被的明渠进行试验研究。结果表明:刚性淹没植被的布置形态对明渠流水流特性影响显著。在本文研究的植被布置形态下的水深、植被阻力系数与植被粗糙系数均增大,表现为交错型布置>斑块型布置>线性布置;流速与雷诺数均减小,表现为线性布置>斑块型布置>交错型布置;糙率n随着平均流速与水力半径之积VR的增大而减小。
There are various distribution patterns of vegetation in natural rivers. In order to investigate the influence of rigid submerged vegetation on the flow characteristics under different layout patterns,the experiment was carried out using the glass sink in the laboratory to simulate the open channel with rigid submerged vegetation. The results show that the arrangement of rigid submerged vegetation has a significant effect on the flow characteristics of open channels. The water depth,vegetation resistance coefficient and vegetation roughness coefficient under vegetation layout all increase,and the spicific staggered arrangement > patch type arrangement > long strip arrangement. Both the flow velocity and the Reynolds number decrease,showing a long strip arrangement > a patch type arrangement > a staggered arrangement.The roughness n decreases as the average flow velocity and the hydraulic radius VR increases.
There are various distribution patterns of vegetation in natural rivers. In order to investigate the influence of rigid submerged vegetation on the flow characteristics under different layout patterns,the experiment was carried out using the glass sink in the laboratory to simulate the open channel with rigid submerged vegetation. The results show that the arrangement of rigid submerged vegetation has a significant effect on the flow characteristics of open channels. The water depth,vegetation resistance coefficient and vegetation roughness coefficient under vegetation layout all increase,and the spicific staggered arrangement > patch type arrangement > long strip arrangement. Both the flow velocity and the Reynolds number decrease,showing a long strip arrangement > a patch type arrangement > a staggered arrangement.The roughness n decreases as the average flow velocity and the hydraulic radius VR increases.
引文
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[14] MORRI M,SOUALMIA A,BELLEUDY P. Analytical Models Evaluation for Predicting Vertical Velocity Flows through Submerged Vegetation[J]. International Journal of Engineering Research,2015,4(1):9-12.
[15]WU W. Computational river dynamics[M]. CRC Press,Taylor&Francis,2007.
[2]NIKORA V,WOOD P J,RICE S P,et al. Hydrodynamics of aquatic ecosystems:an interface between ecology,biomechanics and environmental fluid mechanics[J]. River Research&Applications,2010,26(4):367-84.
[3]SUKHODOLOV A N. Field-based research in fluvial hydraulics:potential,paradigms and challenges[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Research,2015,53(1):1-19.
[4]江春波,侯迪,惠二青.河道植被对水流运动影响研究之现状[J].水力发电,2009,35(7):11-3.
[5]CHOW T V. Open-channel hydraulics[M]. New York:Mc Graw-Hill Book Company,INC,1959:182-192.
[6]HSIEH T. Resistance of cylindrical piers in open-channel flow[J]. Journal of the Hydraulics Division,1964,90(1):161-173.
[7]LI R M,SHEN H W. Effect of tall vegetations on flow and sediment[J]. Journal of the Hydraulics Division,1973,99:793-814.
[8] HUAI W X,ZENG Y H,XU Z G,et al. Three-layer model for vertical velocity distribution in open channel flow with submerged rigid vegetation[J]. Advances in Water Resources,2009,32(4):487-492.
[9] GUO Junke,ZHANG Jianmin. Velocity distributions in laminar and turbulent vegetated flows[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Research,2016,54(2):1-14.
[10]槐文信,赵磊,李丹,等.有植被明渠纵向流速垂向分布特性的PIV试验分析[J].实验流体力学,2009,23(1):26-30.
[11]王雯,槐文信,曾玉红.多级复式断面河道植被水流特性试验研究[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(10):128-132.
[12]刘诚,沈永明.水生植物对水沙运动影响的三维湍流模型[J].水科学进展,2008,19(6):851-856.
[13]惠二青,江春波.植被群落之间水流流速垂向分布计算方法[J].水力发电学报,2011,30(1):84-88.
[14] MORRI M,SOUALMIA A,BELLEUDY P. Analytical Models Evaluation for Predicting Vertical Velocity Flows through Submerged Vegetation[J]. International Journal of Engineering Research,2015,4(1):9-12.
[15]WU W. Computational river dynamics[M]. CRC Press,Taylor&Francis,2007.