赴美会展的专利侵权风险及其应对——以在内华达州经验为例
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摘要
中国企业在走向世界市场的过程中可能会选择会展,但会展本身可能带来知识产权侵权的法律风险。本文力图给赴美参加会展(以内华达州的拉斯维加斯为主会场为例)的企业一个清晰的指引,以规划和应对赴美参展的可能的专利侵权风险。本文首先对我国企业赴美参展中遭遇的专利侵权指控下的禁令案件进行梳理和回顾,然后对美国法院体系的禁令手段(尤其是临时限制令和扣押令)以及相关内容进行解释和阐述,最后进行简要总结,并为赴美参展企业提供一个详细的风险防范清单。
Chinese enterprises may choose to attending foreign trade showes when planning to enter the foreign market,but attendinng trade showes itself may bring legal risks of intellectual property infringement. This article seeks to give chinese companies a clear guidence on responding to possible patent infringement risks when attending trade showes in the United States(in Las Vegas, Nevada, for example). It firstly sorts out and reviews the injunctions under the patent infringement allegations encountered by Chinese companies in the United States, then explains the special injuctions such as TRO(Temporary Restraining Order) and Seizure Order in the US court system, and elaborates the legal definations such as "importation", "offer for sale", and "sale" under the US patent Law, and finally give a brief conclusion by providing a detailed list of risks and its prevention.
Chinese enterprises may choose to attending foreign trade showes when planning to enter the foreign market,but attendinng trade showes itself may bring legal risks of intellectual property infringement. This article seeks to give chinese companies a clear guidence on responding to possible patent infringement risks when attending trade showes in the United States(in Las Vegas, Nevada, for example). It firstly sorts out and reviews the injunctions under the patent infringement allegations encountered by Chinese companies in the United States, then explains the special injuctions such as TRO(Temporary Restraining Order) and Seizure Order in the US court system, and elaborates the legal definations such as "importation", "offer for sale", and "sale" under the US patent Law, and finally give a brief conclusion by providing a detailed list of risks and its prevention.
引文
1.UFI源于欧洲,是具有较长的历史渊源会展联盟。
2.参阅https://www.ufi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/2014_exhibiton_industry_statistics_b.pdf
3.参阅https://www.ufi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/UFI_World_Map_of_Venues_2017_revJune18.pdf
4.Trimble,Marketa,"Temporary Restraining Orders to Enforce Intellectual Property Rights at Trade Shows:An Empirical Study"(2018).Scholarly Works.1096.http://scholars.law.unlv.edu/facpub/1096
5.参阅上文图7。
6.参阅上文图13。
7.Neptune’s Mot.for T.R.O.at 3,Neptune Tech.&Bioressources,Inc.v.Luhua Biomarine(Shandong)Co.,Ltd.,Case 2:15-cv-1911,ECF No.5(D.Nev.Oct.6,2015).
8.Aker Biomarine Antarctic,AS v.Luhua Biomarine(Shandong)Co.,Ltd.and Infiniti Marketing Group,Inc.d/b/a Infiniti Nutraceuticals,Case No.2:16-cv-2314,ECF No.3(D.Nev.Oct.3,2016)
9.详情可参阅http://www.hongdungov.com/view-2910.html,最后访问日期:2018年11月。
10.参阅下面Black&Decker,Inc.v.Shanghai Xing Te Hao Industrial Co.,Ltd.,2003 WL 21383325(N.D.Ill.2003)案
11.Creo Products,Inc.v.Presstek,Inc.,166 F.Supp.2d 944,976,45 U.C.C.Rep.Serv.2d 397(D.Del.2001),aff'd,305 F.3d1337,64,64 U.S.P.Q.2d 1385(Fed.Cir.2002)
12.Cybiotronics,Ltd.v.Golden Source Electronics,Ltd.,130 F.Supp.2d 1152,1176(C.D.Cal.2001)
13.Quantum Group Inc.v.American Sensor Inc.,48 U.S.P.Q.2d 1436,1998 WL 766707(N.D.Ill.1998)
14.Athena Feminine Technologies Inc.v.Wilkes,2011 WL 4079927,*4(N.D.Cal.2011)
15.Largan Precision Co,Ltd v.Genius Electronic Optical Co.,Ltd.,_F.Supp.3d_,_2015 WL 1476902,(N.D.Cal.2015)
16.Ink Jet Print Cartridges and Components Thereof,Inv.No.337-TA-446,Commission Opinion,May 8,2002,p.8.
17.同上,P7
18.Acts of infringement-Offers for sale,4 Moy's Walker on Patents§14:45(4th ed.)
19.10:13.Defining“offer for sale”,2 Annotated Patent Digest§10:13
20.这几个案例并非刻意局限在伊利诺斯州,而是搜索会展相关侵权案例的自然结果。可考虑再扩展。
21.Black&Decker,Inc.v.Shanghai Xing Te Hao Industrial Co.,Ltd.,2003 WL 21383325(N.D.Ill.2003)
22.Scovil Mfg.Co.v.Dateline Elec.Co.,461 F.2d 897,900(7th Cir.1972),
23.Medical Solutions,Inc.v.C Change Surgical LLC,541 F.3d 1136,1141(Fed.Cir.2008)
24.Gerber Garment Technology,Inc.v.Lectra Systems,Inc.,699 F.Supp.1576,1580-81(N.D.Ga.1988)
25.Marposs Societa Per Azioni v.Jenoptik Automotive North America,LLC,2017 WL 1304110,*4-*5(N.D.Ill.2017)
26.Rudolph Techs.,Inc.v.Camtek Ltd.,No.CIV.15-1246 ADM/BRT,2015 WL 5039295,(D.Minn.Aug.26,2015)
27.C.R.Daniels,2011 WL 6026293,at*12
2.参阅https://www.ufi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/2014_exhibiton_industry_statistics_b.pdf
3.参阅https://www.ufi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/UFI_World_Map_of_Venues_2017_revJune18.pdf
4.Trimble,Marketa,"Temporary Restraining Orders to Enforce Intellectual Property Rights at Trade Shows:An Empirical Study"(2018).Scholarly Works.1096.http://scholars.law.unlv.edu/facpub/1096
5.参阅上文图7。
6.参阅上文图13。
7.Neptune’s Mot.for T.R.O.at 3,Neptune Tech.&Bioressources,Inc.v.Luhua Biomarine(Shandong)Co.,Ltd.,Case 2:15-cv-1911,ECF No.5(D.Nev.Oct.6,2015).
8.Aker Biomarine Antarctic,AS v.Luhua Biomarine(Shandong)Co.,Ltd.and Infiniti Marketing Group,Inc.d/b/a Infiniti Nutraceuticals,Case No.2:16-cv-2314,ECF No.3(D.Nev.Oct.3,2016)
9.详情可参阅http://www.hongdungov.com/view-2910.html,最后访问日期:2018年11月。
10.参阅下面Black&Decker,Inc.v.Shanghai Xing Te Hao Industrial Co.,Ltd.,2003 WL 21383325(N.D.Ill.2003)案
11.Creo Products,Inc.v.Presstek,Inc.,166 F.Supp.2d 944,976,45 U.C.C.Rep.Serv.2d 397(D.Del.2001),aff'd,305 F.3d1337,64,64 U.S.P.Q.2d 1385(Fed.Cir.2002)
12.Cybiotronics,Ltd.v.Golden Source Electronics,Ltd.,130 F.Supp.2d 1152,1176(C.D.Cal.2001)
13.Quantum Group Inc.v.American Sensor Inc.,48 U.S.P.Q.2d 1436,1998 WL 766707(N.D.Ill.1998)
14.Athena Feminine Technologies Inc.v.Wilkes,2011 WL 4079927,*4(N.D.Cal.2011)
15.Largan Precision Co,Ltd v.Genius Electronic Optical Co.,Ltd.,_F.Supp.3d_,_2015 WL 1476902,(N.D.Cal.2015)
16.Ink Jet Print Cartridges and Components Thereof,Inv.No.337-TA-446,Commission Opinion,May 8,2002,p.8.
17.同上,P7
18.Acts of infringement-Offers for sale,4 Moy's Walker on Patents§14:45(4th ed.)
19.10:13.Defining“offer for sale”,2 Annotated Patent Digest§10:13
20.这几个案例并非刻意局限在伊利诺斯州,而是搜索会展相关侵权案例的自然结果。可考虑再扩展。
21.Black&Decker,Inc.v.Shanghai Xing Te Hao Industrial Co.,Ltd.,2003 WL 21383325(N.D.Ill.2003)
22.Scovil Mfg.Co.v.Dateline Elec.Co.,461 F.2d 897,900(7th Cir.1972),
23.Medical Solutions,Inc.v.C Change Surgical LLC,541 F.3d 1136,1141(Fed.Cir.2008)
24.Gerber Garment Technology,Inc.v.Lectra Systems,Inc.,699 F.Supp.1576,1580-81(N.D.Ga.1988)
25.Marposs Societa Per Azioni v.Jenoptik Automotive North America,LLC,2017 WL 1304110,*4-*5(N.D.Ill.2017)
26.Rudolph Techs.,Inc.v.Camtek Ltd.,No.CIV.15-1246 ADM/BRT,2015 WL 5039295,(D.Minn.Aug.26,2015)
27.C.R.Daniels,2011 WL 6026293,at*12