双向投资、双向技术溢出与中国企业创新
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摘要
本文利用匹配后的微观企业数据,通过Probit模型和PPML模型实证检验了双向投资通过双向技术溢出效应对中国企业创新决策和创新绩效的影响。研究发现:制造业双向投资的协调发展,总体上有利于我国制造业企业做出创新决策,且从创新产出和创新投入视角均得到较为稳健的结果。对于不同行业,双向投资的这种影响呈现倒U型,即中等技术行业的影响相对较大,高技术、低技术行业的影响则相对较小;且东部地区、外资企业同样表现出显著的促进作用。从创新决策来看,双向投资的增长通过技术溢出效应有利于提升企业的创新绩效,且对中等技术企业、东部和西部地区企业、外资企业的表现更为明显,国有企业双向投资的协调效应不利于企业创新绩效的提升,私营企业的影响则并不显著。
Based on the matched micro-data of the firms,this paper makes an empirical test to explore the influence of bidirectional investment,in the means of bidirectional technology spillovers effect,on the innovative decisions-making and innovative performance among the firms in China by adopting the Probit Model and PPML Model. The study finds out that the coordinated development of bidirectional investment in the manufacturing industry is generally beneficial for China's manufacturing companies to make innovative decisions. In addition,robust results are gained from the perspective of innovation output and innovation investment. This impact of bidirectional investment,which varies from different industries,presents an inverse U-shape curve,namely,it has relatively greater effect on the medium-technology industries,while smaller influence on both high-tech and low-tech industries. What's more,it remarkably contributes to the development of the firms in the eastern region and the foreign-owned firms. From the perspective of innovative decisionmakings,the increase of bidirectional investment,through technology spillover effect,benefits the innovative performance in a compa-ny,and it shows evident advantage on medium-technology industries,the industries in the eastern and western regions as well as the foreign-owned firms. However,bidirectional investment in state-owned firms shows detrimental effect on the development of innovative performance and unremarkable effect on private firms.
Based on the matched micro-data of the firms,this paper makes an empirical test to explore the influence of bidirectional investment,in the means of bidirectional technology spillovers effect,on the innovative decisions-making and innovative performance among the firms in China by adopting the Probit Model and PPML Model. The study finds out that the coordinated development of bidirectional investment in the manufacturing industry is generally beneficial for China's manufacturing companies to make innovative decisions. In addition,robust results are gained from the perspective of innovation output and innovation investment. This impact of bidirectional investment,which varies from different industries,presents an inverse U-shape curve,namely,it has relatively greater effect on the medium-technology industries,while smaller influence on both high-tech and low-tech industries. What's more,it remarkably contributes to the development of the firms in the eastern region and the foreign-owned firms. From the perspective of innovative decisionmakings,the increase of bidirectional investment,through technology spillover effect,benefits the innovative performance in a compa-ny,and it shows evident advantage on medium-technology industries,the industries in the eastern and western regions as well as the foreign-owned firms. However,bidirectional investment in state-owned firms shows detrimental effect on the development of innovative performance and unremarkable effect on private firms.
引文
[1]崔新健,章东明.逆向技术转移和逆向技术溢出的内涵研究[J].中国科技论坛,2016(12):78-82.
[2]KOKKO A,TANSINI R,ZEJAN M C,et al. Local technological capability and productivity spillovers from FDI in the Uruguayan manufacturing sector[J].Journal of development studies,1996,32(4):602-611.
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[4]CRESCENZI R,GAGLIARDI L,IAMMARINO S. Foreign multinationals and domestic innovation:intra-industry effects and firm heterogeneity[J].Research policy,2015,44(3):596-609.
[5]冼国明,严兵. FDI对中国创新能力的溢出效应[J].世界经济,2005(10):18-25.
[6]李玉梅,桑百川. FDI与我国内资企业自主创新互动关系的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题,2011(2):126-135.
[7]李晓钟,张培. FDI对我国高技术行业技术创新能力与市场转换能力影响研究[J].国际经济合作,2016(11):80-85.
[8]HADDAD M,HARRISON A. Are there positive spillovers from direct foreign investment? Evidence from panel data for Morocco[J].Journal of development economics,1993,42(1):51-74.
[9]BLOMSTROM M,KOKKO A. Foreign direct investment and spillovers of technology[J].International journal of technology management,2001,22(5-6):435-454.
[10]PANANOND P,ZEITHAML C P. The international expansion process of MNEs from developing countries:a case study of thailand's CP group[J].Asia pacific journal of management,1998,15(2):163-184.
[11]PRADHAN J P,SINGH N. Outward FDI and knowledge flows:a study of the indian automotive sector[J].Mpra paper,2008(1):156-187.
[12]毛其淋,许家云.中国企业对外直接投资是否促进了企业创新[J].世界经济,2014(8):98-125.
[13]张海波.对外直接投资能促进我国制造业跨国企业生产率提升吗——基于投资广度和投资深度的实证检验[J].国际贸易问题,2017(4):95-106.
[14]BITZER J,KEREKES M. Does foreign direct investment transfer technology across borders? New evidence[J].Economics letters,2008,99(3):355-358.
[15]DUNNING J H,LUNDAN S M. Institutions and the OLI paradigm of the multinational enterprise[J].Asia pacific journal of management,2008,25(4):573-593.
[16]COE D T,HELPMAN E,HOFFMAISTER A W. International R&D spillovers and institutions[J]. European economic review,2008,53(7):723-741.
[2]KOKKO A,TANSINI R,ZEJAN M C,et al. Local technological capability and productivity spillovers from FDI in the Uruguayan manufacturing sector[J].Journal of development studies,1996,32(4):602-611.
[3]HU A,JEFFERSON G. FDI impact and spillover:evidence from China's electronic and textile industries[J].World economy,2010,25(8):1063-1076.
[4]CRESCENZI R,GAGLIARDI L,IAMMARINO S. Foreign multinationals and domestic innovation:intra-industry effects and firm heterogeneity[J].Research policy,2015,44(3):596-609.
[5]冼国明,严兵. FDI对中国创新能力的溢出效应[J].世界经济,2005(10):18-25.
[6]李玉梅,桑百川. FDI与我国内资企业自主创新互动关系的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题,2011(2):126-135.
[7]李晓钟,张培. FDI对我国高技术行业技术创新能力与市场转换能力影响研究[J].国际经济合作,2016(11):80-85.
[8]HADDAD M,HARRISON A. Are there positive spillovers from direct foreign investment? Evidence from panel data for Morocco[J].Journal of development economics,1993,42(1):51-74.
[9]BLOMSTROM M,KOKKO A. Foreign direct investment and spillovers of technology[J].International journal of technology management,2001,22(5-6):435-454.
[10]PANANOND P,ZEITHAML C P. The international expansion process of MNEs from developing countries:a case study of thailand's CP group[J].Asia pacific journal of management,1998,15(2):163-184.
[11]PRADHAN J P,SINGH N. Outward FDI and knowledge flows:a study of the indian automotive sector[J].Mpra paper,2008(1):156-187.
[12]毛其淋,许家云.中国企业对外直接投资是否促进了企业创新[J].世界经济,2014(8):98-125.
[13]张海波.对外直接投资能促进我国制造业跨国企业生产率提升吗——基于投资广度和投资深度的实证检验[J].国际贸易问题,2017(4):95-106.
[14]BITZER J,KEREKES M. Does foreign direct investment transfer technology across borders? New evidence[J].Economics letters,2008,99(3):355-358.
[15]DUNNING J H,LUNDAN S M. Institutions and the OLI paradigm of the multinational enterprise[J].Asia pacific journal of management,2008,25(4):573-593.
[16]COE D T,HELPMAN E,HOFFMAISTER A W. International R&D spillovers and institutions[J]. European economic review,2008,53(7):723-741.