中国近代留学发展历程与动力探究
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摘要
中国近代留学史历经近八十载春秋,以时间为线索,以特征与目的为划分依据,可分为五个发展阶段:洋务运动时期官派留学、20世纪初留日风潮、清末民初庚美留学、勤工俭学留法热潮、20年代赴苏留学。中国近代留学的发展特点为从少到多,从器物到制度再到思想。其背后也有由于社会变迁造成的,在内部需要和历史机遇的影响下中国留学新方向、留学风气日渐兴盛、科举考试废除等促进中国近代留学发展变化的动力因素。近代留学事业的发展为我国培养了大批精英人士,促进了中国全方位的提高;同时通过引进西方先进的思想文化,打破了中国两千多年来沿用的封建僵化的教育制度。以史为鉴、以古观今,了解当今留学情况,可展望未来发展趋势。
The history of studying abroad in modern China has gone through nearly eighty years in the Spring and Autumn Period. It can be divided into five stages according to its characteristics and purposes: official study abroad during the Westernization Movement,the trend of studying in Japan at the beginning of the 20th century,the study abroad in the United States at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,the upsurge of studying hard and studying in France,and the study abroad in the Soviet Union in the 1920s. The characteristics of the overall development of studying abroad in modern China are from fewer to more,from utensils to systems to ideas. Behind it are the internal needs caused by social changes,the new direction of studying abroad in China under historical opportunities,the growing popularity of studying abroad,the abolition of imperial examinations and other driving factors to promote the development and change of studying abroad in modern China. The development of studying abroad in modern times has trained a large number of elites and promoted China's all-round improvement. At the same time,the introduction of Western cultural ideas has broken the rigid feudal education system that China has been using for more than 2000 years,enabling it to actively learn advanced natural science knowledge to make up for its shortcomings. Taking history as a mirror,looking at the past and the present,and understanding the current situation of studying abroad,we can look forward to the future development trend.
The history of studying abroad in modern China has gone through nearly eighty years in the Spring and Autumn Period. It can be divided into five stages according to its characteristics and purposes: official study abroad during the Westernization Movement,the trend of studying in Japan at the beginning of the 20th century,the study abroad in the United States at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,the upsurge of studying hard and studying in France,and the study abroad in the Soviet Union in the 1920s. The characteristics of the overall development of studying abroad in modern China are from fewer to more,from utensils to systems to ideas. Behind it are the internal needs caused by social changes,the new direction of studying abroad in China under historical opportunities,the growing popularity of studying abroad,the abolition of imperial examinations and other driving factors to promote the development and change of studying abroad in modern China. The development of studying abroad in modern times has trained a large number of elites and promoted China's all-round improvement. At the same time,the introduction of Western cultural ideas has broken the rigid feudal education system that China has been using for more than 2000 years,enabling it to actively learn advanced natural science knowledge to make up for its shortcomings. Taking history as a mirror,looking at the past and the present,and understanding the current situation of studying abroad,we can look forward to the future development trend.
引文
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[5]田正平.论中国近代留学教育的兴起[J].教育研究,1994(5):66-70.