我国产业技术创新程度的度量及分析
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摘要
在"大众创业,万众创新"的背景下,如何度量我国技术创新程度,尤其是产业技术创新程度,对我国创新机制构建尤为重要。对技术创新供给面,采用因子分析方法,按照产业技术创新的相关变量对我国产业技术创新进行因子分析;利用聚类统计方法,对我国产业创新程度进行聚类并给它们赋值。技术创新需求面以产业增加值占GDP总量比重为指标,将其作为我国产业技术创新权重,从而得到我国产业创新指数。研究表明,2000—2006年我国产业创新指数不断增大,2007—2009年有所下降,2010年以后不断上升。影响我国产业技术创新的供给面因素主要是产业研发人员和研发项目,需求面因素主要是出口的增加。为增强我国产业技术创新能力,应在加大技术创新投入的同时,提高技术创新效率,推动消费转型升级,加大对创新技术含量高产品的消费,从而从需求面推动技术的创新发展。
In the background of the "Mass entrepreneurship and innovation",how to measure the degree of technological innovation in China,especially the degree of industrial technology innovation,is particularly important for the construction of China's innovation mechanism. The factor analysis method is adopted to analyze the technology innovation supply. According to the related variables of the industrial technology innovation,the factor analysis of the industrial technology innovation is carried out. The clustering statistical method is utilized to cluster the degree of industry innovation and value them in China. On the demand side of technological innovation,the proportion of industrial added value to the total amount of GDP is taken as the index,which is regarded as the weight of industrial technological innovation,to obtain the industrial innovation index in China.The study shows that China's industrial innovation index had increased in 2000-2006,the industry innovation index had declined in 2007-2009,and the industrial innovation index has been rising since 2010. The supply-side factors affecting China's industrial technology innovation are mainly the industrial R&D personnel and R&D projects,and the demand-side factor is mainly the increase of export. In order to enhance China's industrial technology innovation capability,we should increase the investment of technological innovation,improve the efficiency of technological innovation,promote the upgrading of consumption transformation,and increase the consumption of high-tech products,so as to promote the development of technological innovation from the demand side.
In the background of the "Mass entrepreneurship and innovation",how to measure the degree of technological innovation in China,especially the degree of industrial technology innovation,is particularly important for the construction of China's innovation mechanism. The factor analysis method is adopted to analyze the technology innovation supply. According to the related variables of the industrial technology innovation,the factor analysis of the industrial technology innovation is carried out. The clustering statistical method is utilized to cluster the degree of industry innovation and value them in China. On the demand side of technological innovation,the proportion of industrial added value to the total amount of GDP is taken as the index,which is regarded as the weight of industrial technological innovation,to obtain the industrial innovation index in China.The study shows that China's industrial innovation index had increased in 2000-2006,the industry innovation index had declined in 2007-2009,and the industrial innovation index has been rising since 2010. The supply-side factors affecting China's industrial technology innovation are mainly the industrial R&D personnel and R&D projects,and the demand-side factor is mainly the increase of export. In order to enhance China's industrial technology innovation capability,we should increase the investment of technological innovation,improve the efficiency of technological innovation,promote the upgrading of consumption transformation,and increase the consumption of high-tech products,so as to promote the development of technological innovation from the demand side.
引文
[1]李美娟,陈国宏,陈国龙.基于灰色关联度的产业技术创新能力评价研究[J].山西财经大学学报,2008(6):51-57.
[2]董爱军.信息产业创新能力评价的模型与方法[J].统计与决策,2011(18):54-56.
[3]张治河,潘晶晶,李鹏.战略性新兴产业创新能力评价、演化及规律探索[J].科研管理,2015(3):1-12.
[4]乔虹.产业创新能力的测度与评价[J].统计与决策,2016(23):127-129.
[5]王洪庆,侯毅.中国高技术产业技术创新能力评价研究[J].中国科技论坛,2017(3):58-63.
[6]齐舒畅,王飞,张亚雄.我国非竞争型投入产出表编制及其应用分析[J].统计研究,2008(5):79-83.
[7]张芳.针对加工贸易之非竞争型投入产出表的编制与应用分析[J].统计研究,2011(8):73-79.
[8]张友国.中国贸易碳含量及其影响因素——基于(进口)非竞争型投入—产出表的分析[J].经济学(季刊),2010(4):1287-1310.
[9]刘瑞翔.中国的增加值率为什么会出现下降?——基于非竞争型投入产出框架的视角[J].南方经济,2011(9):30-42.
[10]吕承超,张学民.中国高技术产业发展区域差异测算及其影响因素[J].贵州财经大学学报,2015(4):73-85.
(1)我国有关产业技术创新的统计数据是逐步完善的,2006-2014年我国技术创新指标有所不同,其中2006-2007年、2009-2014年产业技术创新指标为R&D人员全时当量、R&D经费、发明专利申请数和拥有发明专利数,2008年技术创新指标为发明专利申请数和拥有发明专利数。
(1)由于《中国统计年鉴》没有2000-2005年有关产业技术创新数据,因此本文采用2006年各产业技术创新赋值外推到2000年的各产业技术创新值。
(1)如,国内家政服务业,其GDP拉动系数为1,这是因为国内家政服务没有进口品;国外进口的奢侈品,其GDP拉动系数为接近于0,这是因为国内居民增加了个人消费,几乎没有国内增加值。
(2)该方法得到的某一产业的GDP增加值不同于非竞争性投入产出表中某一产业的GDP增加值,这是将消费、投资和出口中通过除去进口进行了修正。
[2]董爱军.信息产业创新能力评价的模型与方法[J].统计与决策,2011(18):54-56.
[3]张治河,潘晶晶,李鹏.战略性新兴产业创新能力评价、演化及规律探索[J].科研管理,2015(3):1-12.
[4]乔虹.产业创新能力的测度与评价[J].统计与决策,2016(23):127-129.
[5]王洪庆,侯毅.中国高技术产业技术创新能力评价研究[J].中国科技论坛,2017(3):58-63.
[6]齐舒畅,王飞,张亚雄.我国非竞争型投入产出表编制及其应用分析[J].统计研究,2008(5):79-83.
[7]张芳.针对加工贸易之非竞争型投入产出表的编制与应用分析[J].统计研究,2011(8):73-79.
[8]张友国.中国贸易碳含量及其影响因素——基于(进口)非竞争型投入—产出表的分析[J].经济学(季刊),2010(4):1287-1310.
[9]刘瑞翔.中国的增加值率为什么会出现下降?——基于非竞争型投入产出框架的视角[J].南方经济,2011(9):30-42.
[10]吕承超,张学民.中国高技术产业发展区域差异测算及其影响因素[J].贵州财经大学学报,2015(4):73-85.
(1)我国有关产业技术创新的统计数据是逐步完善的,2006-2014年我国技术创新指标有所不同,其中2006-2007年、2009-2014年产业技术创新指标为R&D人员全时当量、R&D经费、发明专利申请数和拥有发明专利数,2008年技术创新指标为发明专利申请数和拥有发明专利数。
(1)由于《中国统计年鉴》没有2000-2005年有关产业技术创新数据,因此本文采用2006年各产业技术创新赋值外推到2000年的各产业技术创新值。
(1)如,国内家政服务业,其GDP拉动系数为1,这是因为国内家政服务没有进口品;国外进口的奢侈品,其GDP拉动系数为接近于0,这是因为国内居民增加了个人消费,几乎没有国内增加值。
(2)该方法得到的某一产业的GDP增加值不同于非竞争性投入产出表中某一产业的GDP增加值,这是将消费、投资和出口中通过除去进口进行了修正。