摘要
文章基于VRS模型测度了中国31个省(市、区) 2007—2016年农业科研机构科技创新绩效,按照华东、西北、华北、中南、西南、东北六大区域进行地区差异分析,并对农业科研机构科技创新绩效差异进行σ收敛和β收敛检验分析。研究表明:从地域差异看,六大区域农业科技创新绩效存在显著差异,按绩效值由高到低依次为:华东区﹥西北区﹥华北区﹥中南区﹥西南区﹥东北区;六大区域农业科研机构科技创新绩效的总体差异并未呈现出显著的σ收敛,但绝对β收敛和条件β收敛模型研究表明,六大区域的农业科研机构科技创新绩效差异正在逐渐缩小,且存在落后者对先进者的"追赶效应";华北区以最快速度缩小省际差距达到内部稳态水平,东北区次之,华东区最为缓慢。正确认识中国农业科研机构科技创新绩效的地区差异,可以促使合理配置农业科技资源,强化农业科技创新驱动力,完善农业科技创新体系,加快现代农业实现的步伐,助力乡村振兴战略。
Based on panel data of China' s 31 provinces from 2007 to 2016, this study uses VRS model to assess provincial agricultural science and technology innovation performance. Then it analyzes spatial and temporal disparity of technology innovation performance in six regions, namely, the Eastern, the Northwest,the Northern, the South Central, the Southwest and the Northeast, and conducts σ convergence and βconvergence analysis of technology innovation performance differences in research institutions. The empirical results are as follows: In terms of spatial differences, there are significant differences between provincial performances. According to its performance value from high to low, six regions can be sorted as follows, the Eastern > the Northwest > the Northern > the South Central > the South West > the Northeast. It didn' t show significant σ convergence in overall disparity of science and technology innovation performance among regional agricultural research institutions. But absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence model suggest that difference of science and technology innovation performance of agricultural research institutions is gradually narrowing down between six regions. And there exists "chase effect" of backward areas on advanced regions. Provinces in North China will narrow the gap between each other at the fastest speed to achieve internal homeostasis level, followed by the Northeastern. And that of the Eastern region is the slowest. A proper understanding of spatial and temporal differences of science and technology innovation performance in China agricultural scientific research institutions is an important prerequisite for rationally allocating agricultural science and technology resources, strengthening the driving force of agricultural science and technology innovation, improving the innovation system of agricultural science and technology, speeding up the pace of modern agriculture, and promoting the strategy of Rural Revitalization.
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(1)六大农业生态区,即华北区(北京、天津、河北、山西、内蒙)、东北区(辽宁、吉林、黑龙江)、华东区(上海、江苏、浙江、安徽、福建、江西、山东)、中南区(河南、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、海南)、西南区(重庆、四川、贵州、云南、西藏)和西北区(陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏和新疆)。
(2)2006年国务院发布了《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006—2020)》,本文以纲要发布后至最近一期的数据为数据来源。