以“以流定形”为逻辑主线的城市设计方法论
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摘要
建筑学、城乡规划学、风景园林学是城市设计理论的3大主要来源,本文从这3大学科的核心原理出发,梳理城市设计自身典型理论的发展脉络,提出"以流定形——要素运动决定城市形态"是城市设计方法论的逻辑主线,并对其基本原理和方法进行论述。
The theory of the urban design mainly comes from three sources, the architecture, the planning and the landscape design. On the basis of the core principles of these sources, the author explores the development of the typical urban design theory, comes up with a significant inference of the urban design methodology of the element flow(pack, formation, set,…) oriented morphology, i.e. the element movement determines the urban form, and illustrates its principle and approach.
The theory of the urban design mainly comes from three sources, the architecture, the planning and the landscape design. On the basis of the core principles of these sources, the author explores the development of the typical urban design theory, comes up with a significant inference of the urban design methodology of the element flow(pack, formation, set,…) oriented morphology, i.e. the element movement determines the urban form, and illustrates its principle and approach.
引文
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[2]卡米诺·西特.城市建设艺术[M].仲德昆,译.南京:东南大学出版社,1990.Sitte C.The art of building cities[M].Zhong Dekun,trans.Nanjing:Southeast University Press,1990.
[3]苏腾,曹珊.英国城乡规划法的历史演变[J].北京规划建设,2008(2):86-90.Su Teng,Cao Shan.The historical evolution of urban and rural planning law in Britain[J].Beijing Planning Review,2008(2):86-90.
[4]钱学森,于景元,戴汝为.一个科学新领域--开放的复杂巨系统及其方法论[J].自然杂志,1990(1):3-10.Qian Xuesen,Yu Jingyuan,Dai Ruwei.A New field of science open complex giant systems and the methodology[J].Chinese Journal of Nature,1990(1):3-10.
[5]Corbusier L,Giraudoux J.La Charte d'Athènes,avec un discours liminaire de Jean Giraudoux[M].Nendeln:Kraus Reprint,1943.
[6]Sterental S.The charter of Machu Picchu[J].The Fifth Column,1982(2):16-17.
[7]UN News.Agenda 21[C]//United Nations Conference on Environment and Development.Rio de Janeiro:United Nations,1993.
[8]United Nations Human Settlements Program III.New Urban Agenda[C]//UN Conference on housing and sustainable urban development(Habitat III).Quito:UN,2017.
[9]Zaitzevsky C.Frederick law Olmsted and the Boston park system[M].Boston:Belknap Press,1982.
[10]Howard E.Garden cities of tomorrow[M].Routledge,Massachusetts:Institute of Technology Press,2013.
[11]McHarg I L,Mumford L.Design with nature[M].New York:American Museum of Natural History,1969.
[12]杨锐.景观都市主义的理论与实践探讨[J].中国园林,2009,25(10):60-63.Yang Rui.Discussion on the theory and practice of landscape urbanism[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2009,25(10):60-63.
[13]计成.园冶[M].北京:中华书局,2011.Ji Cheng.Yuan Ye[M].Beijing:Chung Hwa Book,2011.
[14]钱学森.社会主义中国应该建山水城市[J].城市规划,1993,17(3):19-19.Qian Xuesen.Socialism China should build Shanshui Cities[J].City Planning Review,1993,17(3):19-19.
[15]吴良镛.人居环境科学导论[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.Wu Liangyong.Introduction to sciences of human settlements[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2001.
[16]Saarinen E.The city its growth its decay its future[M].Boston:MIT Press,1965.
[17]Gibberd F.Town design[M].London:Architectural Press,1970.
[18]同济大学建筑城规学院.城市规划资料集第一分册(总论)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.CAUP Tongji University.Urban planning data collection volume 1(general introduction)[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2003
[19]勒·柯布西耶.明日之城市[M].李浩,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.Corbusier.The city of tomorrow[M].Li Hao,trans.Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2009
[20]Lynch K.The image of the city[M].Boston:MIT press,1960.
[21]Krier R,Rowe C.Urban space[M].London:Academy Editions,1979.
[22]Gehl J.Life between Buildings:Using public space[M].Washington DC:Island Press,2011.
[23]Hough M.City Form and natural process:Towards a new urban vernacular[M].London:Croom Helm,1984.
[24]Simonds J O.Garden cities 21:Creating a livable urban environment[M].New York:McGraw-Hill Education Publishing Company,1994.
[25]Carmona M,Heath T,Oc T,et al.Public places urban spaces[M].London:Routledge,2012.
[26]Hillier B.Cities as Movement economies[J].Urban Design International,1996,1(1):41-60.
[27]吴良镛.广义建筑学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1989.Wu Liangyong.A general theory of architecture[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1989.
[28]齐康,张四维.城市设计中的不可知性和可操作性[J].现代城市研究,2007,22(4):4-9.Qi Kang,Zhang Siwei.The unpredictability and operability of urban design[J].Modern Urban Research,2007,22(4):4-9.
[29]卢济威,杨春侠,耿慧志.新旧共生的水乡古镇复兴探索--以杭州塘栖城镇中心区城市设计为例[J].城市规划学刊,2013(4):112-116Lu Jiwei,Yang Chunxia,Geng Huizhi.Exploration on the revival of old and new water towns take the urban design of Hangzhou Tangxi town as an example[J].Urban Planning Forum,2013(4):112-116
[30]王建国.城市设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016.Wang Jianguo.Urban design[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2016.
[31]钱学森.关于建立城市学的设想[J].城市规划,1985(4):26-28.Qian Xuesen.The idea of establishing urbanology[J].Urban Planning Review,1985(4):26-28.
[32]乔纳森·巴奈特.都市设计概论[M].谢庆达,庄建德,译.中国台北:创兴出版社,1993.Barnett J.An introduction to urban design value[M].Xie Qingda,Zhuang Jiande,trans.Taipei,China:Chuang Sing Press,1993.
[33]杨一帆.为城市而设计--城市设计的十二条认知及其实践[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016.Yang Yifan.Designing for the city:Twelve perspectives and related practices of urban design[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press.2016.
[34]彼得·霍尔.城市和区域规划[M].邹德慈,金经元,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1985.Hall P.Urban and regional planning[M].Zou Deci,Jin Jingyuan,trans.Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,1985.