故事材料的图画特征对儿童故事复述的影响——基于东巴经和图画的比较研究
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摘要
采用比较的叙事分析法考察东巴经和图画的特征对儿童故事复述的影响。分别以东巴经和图画为故事讲述的材料,向两组儿童讲述《创世纪》故事片段,要求儿童结合故事材料复述故事内容,记录并分析两种条件下儿童产生的叙事。结果表明:(1)采用东巴经叙事时,儿童对叙事结构的把握、与标准篇的一致性及叙事的逻辑思维均表现出显著优势;(2)采用图画叙事时,儿童的叙事创造性表现出显著优势。儿童在东巴经条件下的表现与东巴经的外形特征、区别性特征和新异性有关,也与加工深度有关。研究结果为东巴经成为儿童叙事的辅助材料提供了实证依据。
A comparative narrative analysis was used to investigate the impact of picture types of the Dongba Classics and pictures onchildren's story retelling. Children were presented the same story of Annals of Creation with Dongba Classics and pictures, and wereasked to retell the story based on the two types of presentation. Narratives produced by children were recorded and analyzed. Theresults showed that:(1) Children's narrative structure, consistency with standard text and logicality showed remarkable advantageswhen Dongba Classics were used;(2) The narrative creativity showed remarkable advantages when pictures were used. The results maybe related with the pictographic nature, distinctive features, unconventional features and the processing depth of Dongba characters.The results provide an empirical basis for adopting Dongba Classics as supplementary materials for children's narration.
A comparative narrative analysis was used to investigate the impact of picture types of the Dongba Classics and pictures onchildren's story retelling. Children were presented the same story of Annals of Creation with Dongba Classics and pictures, and wereasked to retell the story based on the two types of presentation. Narratives produced by children were recorded and analyzed. Theresults showed that:(1) Children's narrative structure, consistency with standard text and logicality showed remarkable advantageswhen Dongba Classics were used;(2) The narrative creativity showed remarkable advantages when pictures were used. The results maybe related with the pictographic nature, distinctive features, unconventional features and the processing depth of Dongba characters.The results provide an empirical basis for adopting Dongba Classics as supplementary materials for children's narration.
引文
[1]周凤娟,章依文.学龄前儿童叙事能力发展研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2009,17(2):181-183.
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[6]JUSTICE L M,BOWLES R P,KADERAVEK J N,et al.The index of narrative microstructure:a clinical tool for analyzing school-age children's narrative performances[J].American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology,2006,15(2):177-191.
[7]李甦,李文馥,杨玉芳.3~6岁儿童图画讲述能力的发展特点[J].心理科学,2006,29(1):25-29.
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[10]李静生.纳西东巴文的创制及其他[M]//赵士红,习煜华.东巴文化研究所论文选集.昆明:云南民族出版社,2003.
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[12]谢书书,张积家,岑月婷,等.从认知角度探查纳西东巴文的性质[J].华南师范大学学报(社会科学版),2014(4):43-51.
[13]张积家,王娟,刘鸣.英文词、汉字词、早期文字和图画的认知加工比较[J].心理学报,2011,43(4):347-363.
[14]张积家,王娟,蔺翠珍,等.运用命题产生法探寻东巴文的性质[J].大理学院学报,2015,14(1):16-21.
[15]王娟,张积家,谢书书,等.结合东巴文学习汉字对幼儿汉字字形记忆的影响[J].心理学报,2011,43(5):519-533.
[16]王娟,张积家,谢书书,等.内隐学习中东巴文促进幼儿汉字字形记忆的研究[J].心理科学,2013,36(1):145-149.
[17]ERICSSON K A,KINTSCH W.Long-term working memory[J].Psychological Review,1995,102(2):211-245.
[18]CRAIK F I M,LOCKHART R S.Levels of processing:a framework for memory research[J].Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior,1972,11:671-684.
[19]SCHINEIDER P,DUBE R V.Story presentation effects on children's retell content[J].American Journal of SpeechLanguage Pathology,2005,14:52-60.
[2]王娟,许姗姗,张积家.学前儿童的叙事能力:特征及影响因素[J].幼儿教育(教育科学),2014(9):27-31.
[3]BRUNER J S.Life as narrative[J].Social Research,2004,71(3):692-709.
[4]WELLMAN R L,LEWIS B A,FREEBAIRN L A,et al.Narrative ability of children with speech sound disorders and the prediction of later literacy skills[J].Language,Speech,And Services In Schools,2011,42(4):561-579.
[5]杨薇.儿童表达性语言能力评定技术:语言样本分析综述[D].长春:东北师范大学,2008.
[6]JUSTICE L M,BOWLES R P,KADERAVEK J N,et al.The index of narrative microstructure:a clinical tool for analyzing school-age children's narrative performances[J].American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology,2006,15(2):177-191.
[7]李甦,李文馥,杨玉芳.3~6岁儿童图画讲述能力的发展特点[J].心理科学,2006,29(1):25-29.
[8]王海澜.幼儿的叙事及叙事能力发展特征分析[J].教育导刊(下半月),2011(7):25-28.
[9]李霖灿.麽些象形文字字典·序[M].台北:台湾文史哲出版,1972:7-10.
[10]李静生.纳西东巴文的创制及其他[M]//赵士红,习煜华.东巴文化研究所论文选集.昆明:云南民族出版社,2003.
[11]周有光.纳西文字中的“六书”:纪念语言学家傅懋勣先生[J].民族语文,1994(6):12-19.
[12]谢书书,张积家,岑月婷,等.从认知角度探查纳西东巴文的性质[J].华南师范大学学报(社会科学版),2014(4):43-51.
[13]张积家,王娟,刘鸣.英文词、汉字词、早期文字和图画的认知加工比较[J].心理学报,2011,43(4):347-363.
[14]张积家,王娟,蔺翠珍,等.运用命题产生法探寻东巴文的性质[J].大理学院学报,2015,14(1):16-21.
[15]王娟,张积家,谢书书,等.结合东巴文学习汉字对幼儿汉字字形记忆的影响[J].心理学报,2011,43(5):519-533.
[16]王娟,张积家,谢书书,等.内隐学习中东巴文促进幼儿汉字字形记忆的研究[J].心理科学,2013,36(1):145-149.
[17]ERICSSON K A,KINTSCH W.Long-term working memory[J].Psychological Review,1995,102(2):211-245.
[18]CRAIK F I M,LOCKHART R S.Levels of processing:a framework for memory research[J].Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior,1972,11:671-684.
[19]SCHINEIDER P,DUBE R V.Story presentation effects on children's retell content[J].American Journal of SpeechLanguage Pathology,2005,14:52-60.