绣线菊蚜对苹果成熟/幼嫩叶片的选择性与适生性
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摘要
为了解绣线菊蚜对苹果不同叶龄叶片初始选择与定居选择的异同,明确成熟叶片与幼嫩叶片对绣线菊蚜生长发育、存活及繁殖的影响,在研究绣线菊蚜对成熟叶片与幼嫩叶片选择性基础上,采用叶盘法饲养观察并组建了绣线菊蚜的年龄-龄期两型生命表.结果表明:绣线菊蚜喜欢在幼嫩叶片上产仔.其近距离降落选择与刺探取食选择存在差异,刺探取食选择是决定绣线菊蚜对同一寄主不同部位选择的关键.绣线菊蚜在成熟叶片上的发育历期显著长于幼嫩叶片,存活率也低于幼嫩叶片,其死亡主要发生在1龄、4龄若蚜及成蚜期.成熟叶片上的无翅蚜比例低于幼嫩叶片,且成蚜寿命、产卵量均显著小于幼嫩叶片.种群动态参数表明,绣线菊蚜在幼嫩叶片上具有很强的增长势能,而在成熟叶片上很难建立种群.
In order to understand the differences of Aphis citricola in its original and final selectivity to the apple leaves with different leaf age,and to ascertain the effects of mature and young apple leaves on the growth and development,survival,and fecundity of A.citricola,this paper studied the host preference of A.citricola to mature and young apple leaves,with the related age-stage two-type life tables constructed.A.citricola more preferred to oviposit on the young leaves.There existed differences in the behaviors between oriented selectivity and penetration selectivity,and the latter was the key factor determining whether A.citricola fed and oviposited on the host.The total development time of immature A.citricola on the mature leaves was significantly longer than that on the young leaves,and the survival rate was also lower,with the aphids died at the first and fourth instar stages and at mature stage.As compared with those on the young leaves,the apterae rate of A.citricola adults on the mature leaves was lower,and the longevity and fecundity were significantly shorter and lower.The population dynamic parameters suggested that the population growth of A.citricola was quicker on the young leaves than on the mature leaves,and it was difficult for A.citricola to establish a stable population on the mature leaves.
In order to understand the differences of Aphis citricola in its original and final selectivity to the apple leaves with different leaf age,and to ascertain the effects of mature and young apple leaves on the growth and development,survival,and fecundity of A.citricola,this paper studied the host preference of A.citricola to mature and young apple leaves,with the related age-stage two-type life tables constructed.A.citricola more preferred to oviposit on the young leaves.There existed differences in the behaviors between oriented selectivity and penetration selectivity,and the latter was the key factor determining whether A.citricola fed and oviposited on the host.The total development time of immature A.citricola on the mature leaves was significantly longer than that on the young leaves,and the survival rate was also lower,with the aphids died at the first and fourth instar stages and at mature stage.As compared with those on the young leaves,the apterae rate of A.citricola adults on the mature leaves was lower,and the longevity and fecundity were significantly shorter and lower.The population dynamic parameters suggested that the population growth of A.citricola was quicker on the young leaves than on the mature leaves,and it was difficult for A.citricola to establish a stable population on the mature leaves.
引文
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[14]Silva AAE,Varanda EM,Barosela JR.Resistance andsusceptibility of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)cultivars tothe aphid Therioaphis maculate(Homoptera:Aphidi-dae):Insect biology and cultivar evaluation.Insect Sci-ence,2006,13:55-60
[15]Zhu S-D(祝树德),Lu Z-Q(陆自强),Chen L-F(陈丽芳),et al.Effect of temperature and food on Spo-doptera litura population.Chinese Journal of AppliedEcology(应用生态学报),2000,11(1):111-114(in Chinese)
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[17]Yin W-D(殷万东),Yan W-T(闫文涛),Qiu G-S(仇贵生),et al.Age-stage two-sex life tables of theexperimental population of Panonychus ulmi(Acari:Tetranychidae)on apples Malus sieversii subsp.kir-ghisorum and M.domestica Golden Delicious.Acta En-tomologica Sinica(昆虫学报),2012,55(10):1230-1238(in Chinese)
[18]Pinder JE.The Weibull distribution:A new method ofsummarizing survivorship data.Ecology,1978,59:175-179
[19]Li C-Y(李朝阳),Wu K-J(吴坤君).A life table ofexperimental population of the aphid,Macrosiphoniellasanborni(Gillette).Entomological Knowledge(昆虫知识),1997,34(6):333-335(in Chinese)
[20]Lu W(卢伟),Hou M-L(侯茂林),Wen J-H(文吉辉),et al.Host leaf age preference of adult Bemisiatabaci(Homoptera:Aleyrodidae)and its relationshipwith offspring performance.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2007,27(7):2948-2953(in Chinese)
[21]Forbes AR.Electron microscope evidence for nerves inthe mandibular stylets of the green peach aphid.Nature,1966,212:726
[22]Griffiths DC,Pickett JA,Woodcock CM.Behaviour ofalatae of Myzus persicae(Sulzer)(Hemiptera:Aphidi-diae)on chemically treated surfaces after tetheredflight.Bulletin of Entomological Research,1982,72:687-693
[23]Traicevski V,Ward SA.Probing behaviour of Aphiscraccivora Koch on host plants of different nutritionalquality.Ecological Entomology,2002,27:213-219
[24]Lei H(雷宏),Xu R-M(徐汝梅),Tjallingii WF,et al.Electrical penetration graphs of greenhouse white-fly,Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood).Acta Ento-mologica Sinica(昆虫学报),1998,41(2):113-123(in Chinese)
[25]Yue M(岳梅),Luo C(罗晨),Guo X-J(郭晓军),et al.Probing and feeding behaviors for the white-fly Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)B-biotype on three hostplants.Acta Entomologica Sinica(昆虫学报),2006,49(4):625-629(in Chinese)
[26]Lin K-J(林克剑),Wu K-M(吴孔明),Zhang Y-J(张永军),et al.The feeding and oviposition behaviorsof Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)biotype B on five hostplants.Acta Phytophylacica Sinica(植物保护学报),2008,35(3):199-204(in Chinese)
[27]Walker GP,Aitken DCG.Oviposition and survival ofbayberry whitefly,Parabemisia myricae(Homoptera:Aleyrodidae)on lemons as a function of leaf age.Envi-ronmental Entomology,1985,14:254-257
[28]Mitchell RR,Sugie H,Tumlinson JH.Spodoptera ex-igua:Capture of feral male in traps baited with blends ofpheromone components.Journal of Chemical Ecology,1983,9:95-104
[29]Qin J-D(钦俊德).Studies on insect-plant relation-ships:Recent trends and prospect.Acta Zoologica Sini-ca(动物学报),1995,41(1):12-20(in Chinese)
[30]Facknath S.Leaf age and life history variables of a leafminer:The case of Liriomyza trifolii on potato leaves.Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,2005,115:79-87
[31]Bernays EA,Chapman RF.Host-Plant Selection byPhytophagous Insects.New York:Chapman and Hall,1994
[2]Du Y-J(杜永均),Yan F-S(严福顺),Han X-L(韩心丽),et al.Olfaction in host plant selection of thesoybean aphid Aphis glycines.Acta Entomologica Sinica(昆虫学报),1994,37(4):385-392(in Chinese)
[3]Glen P,Colin RT,Hardie J.Host plant selection byaphids:Behavioral,evolutionary,and applied perspec-tives.Annual Review of Entomology,2006,51:309-330
[4]Kennedy JS,Booth CO,Kershaw WJS.Host finding byaphids in the field:Aphis fabae Scop.(Gynoparae)andBrevicoryne brassicae L.;with a re-appraisal of the roleof host-finding behaviour in virus spread.Annals of Ap-plied Biology,1959,47:424-444
[5]Janz N.Evolutionary ecology of oviposition strategies//Hilker M,Meiners T,eds.Chemoecology of Insect Eggsand Egg Deposition.Oxford:Blackwell,2002:349-376
[6]Yu Y(于洋),Pang B-P(庞保平),Gao S-J(高书晶),et al.Effects of spring wheat varieties on growth,development and fecundity of Sitobion avenae(F.)(Homoptera:Aphididae).Chinese Journal of AppliedEcology(应用生态学报),2006,17(2):354-356(in Chinese)
[7]Shen Y(沈媛),Du Y-Z(杜予州),Zhang L(张莉),et al.Selectivity and fitness of Bemisia tabaciB-biotype to different varieties of cotton.Acta Phytophy-lacica Sinica(植物保护学报),2009,36(4):335-342(in Chinese)
[8]Yu J-N(于江南),Chen D(陈丹),Li J(李杰),et al.Biological characters of Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)experimental population on cotton varietiesin Xinjiang.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2009,20(6):1471-1476(in Chinese)
[9]Leslie PH.On the use of matrices in certain populationmathematics.Biometrika,1945,33:183-212
[10]Birch LC.The intrinsic rate of natural increase of an in-sect population.Journal of Animal Ecology,1948,17:15-26
[11]Wu K-J(吴坤君),Gong P-Y(龚佩瑜),Li X-Z(李秀珍),et al.The age-stage-specific life table of the ar-myworm,Mythiman separate(Walker).Acta Entomo-logica Sinica(昆虫学报),1994,37(4):426-434(in Chinese)
[12]Chi H,Liu H.Two new methods for the study of insectpopulation ecology.Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology,Academia Sinica,1985,24:225-240
[13]Chi H.Life-table analysis incorporating both sexes andvariable development rates among individuals.Environ-mental Entomology,1988,17:26-34
[14]Silva AAE,Varanda EM,Barosela JR.Resistance andsusceptibility of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)cultivars tothe aphid Therioaphis maculate(Homoptera:Aphidi-dae):Insect biology and cultivar evaluation.Insect Sci-ence,2006,13:55-60
[15]Zhu S-D(祝树德),Lu Z-Q(陆自强),Chen L-F(陈丽芳),et al.Effect of temperature and food on Spo-doptera litura population.Chinese Journal of AppliedEcology(应用生态学报),2000,11(1):111-114(in Chinese)
[16]Hu LX,Chi H,Zhang J,et al.Life table analysis ofthe performance of Nilaparvata lugens(Homoptera:Del-phacidae)on two wild rice species.Journal of EconomicEntomology,2010,103:1628-1635
[17]Yin W-D(殷万东),Yan W-T(闫文涛),Qiu G-S(仇贵生),et al.Age-stage two-sex life tables of theexperimental population of Panonychus ulmi(Acari:Tetranychidae)on apples Malus sieversii subsp.kir-ghisorum and M.domestica Golden Delicious.Acta En-tomologica Sinica(昆虫学报),2012,55(10):1230-1238(in Chinese)
[18]Pinder JE.The Weibull distribution:A new method ofsummarizing survivorship data.Ecology,1978,59:175-179
[19]Li C-Y(李朝阳),Wu K-J(吴坤君).A life table ofexperimental population of the aphid,Macrosiphoniellasanborni(Gillette).Entomological Knowledge(昆虫知识),1997,34(6):333-335(in Chinese)
[20]Lu W(卢伟),Hou M-L(侯茂林),Wen J-H(文吉辉),et al.Host leaf age preference of adult Bemisiatabaci(Homoptera:Aleyrodidae)and its relationshipwith offspring performance.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2007,27(7):2948-2953(in Chinese)
[21]Forbes AR.Electron microscope evidence for nerves inthe mandibular stylets of the green peach aphid.Nature,1966,212:726
[22]Griffiths DC,Pickett JA,Woodcock CM.Behaviour ofalatae of Myzus persicae(Sulzer)(Hemiptera:Aphidi-diae)on chemically treated surfaces after tetheredflight.Bulletin of Entomological Research,1982,72:687-693
[23]Traicevski V,Ward SA.Probing behaviour of Aphiscraccivora Koch on host plants of different nutritionalquality.Ecological Entomology,2002,27:213-219
[24]Lei H(雷宏),Xu R-M(徐汝梅),Tjallingii WF,et al.Electrical penetration graphs of greenhouse white-fly,Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood).Acta Ento-mologica Sinica(昆虫学报),1998,41(2):113-123(in Chinese)
[25]Yue M(岳梅),Luo C(罗晨),Guo X-J(郭晓军),et al.Probing and feeding behaviors for the white-fly Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)B-biotype on three hostplants.Acta Entomologica Sinica(昆虫学报),2006,49(4):625-629(in Chinese)
[26]Lin K-J(林克剑),Wu K-M(吴孔明),Zhang Y-J(张永军),et al.The feeding and oviposition behaviorsof Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)biotype B on five hostplants.Acta Phytophylacica Sinica(植物保护学报),2008,35(3):199-204(in Chinese)
[27]Walker GP,Aitken DCG.Oviposition and survival ofbayberry whitefly,Parabemisia myricae(Homoptera:Aleyrodidae)on lemons as a function of leaf age.Envi-ronmental Entomology,1985,14:254-257
[28]Mitchell RR,Sugie H,Tumlinson JH.Spodoptera ex-igua:Capture of feral male in traps baited with blends ofpheromone components.Journal of Chemical Ecology,1983,9:95-104
[29]Qin J-D(钦俊德).Studies on insect-plant relation-ships:Recent trends and prospect.Acta Zoologica Sini-ca(动物学报),1995,41(1):12-20(in Chinese)
[30]Facknath S.Leaf age and life history variables of a leafminer:The case of Liriomyza trifolii on potato leaves.Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,2005,115:79-87
[31]Bernays EA,Chapman RF.Host-Plant Selection byPhytophagous Insects.New York:Chapman and Hall,1994