黄河三角洲湿地非生长季土壤CO_2浓度及地表CO_2通量的动态变化
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摘要
土壤碳通量是全年性的过程,非生长季土壤碳通量是陆地碳循环的重要组成部分。针对非生长季地上地下CO_2动态变化研究相对缺乏这一现象,对黄河三角洲湿地不同深度土壤CO_2浓度及温度动态变化进行了连续3个月的监测;为揭示该地区地表CO_2通量与地下CO_2浓度变化之间的关系,对地表CO_2通量、土壤CO_2浓度及温度进行了两次同步测定。结果表明:随着土层深度的增加,土壤CO_2浓度显著升高;相同深度下,秋季的土壤CO_2浓度明显高于冬季。地表CO_2通量和地表温度具有相似的日变化规律,二者呈极显著正相关关系,土壤呼吸温度敏感性系数(Q10)为3.49~3.74。地表CO_2通量与土壤CO_2浓度、土壤温度均存在极显著线性或指数关系,利用其经验模型对黄河三角洲湿地土壤秋冬季碳通量进行了估算,通过比较发现,所有模型拟合结果在季节变化上相近:最大值为0.44~0.57μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),最小值为-0.18~0.01μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),平均值为0.09~0.12μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)。本研究揭示了非生长季土壤碳的转化过程对滨海湿地碳循环的潜在影响。
To address the issue of lacking data in the non-growing season,we conducted an experiment in a coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta from October 29,2016 to February 9,2017,by continuously monitoring soil CO_2 concentration and temperature at different soil depths( 15,30,and 45 cm). In order to understand the dynamics of CO_2 efflux and to assess its relationship with soil CO_2 concentration,we measured CO_2 efflux in March 3-5 and March 16-18,2017. The results showed that soil CO_2 concentration significantly increased with the increases of soil depth. At the same depth,soil CO_2 concentration was significantly higher in autumn than in winter. There was strong diurnal variation in CO_2 efflux,which was consistent with the variation of surface soil temperature. The temperature sensitivity coefficients( Q10) of soil respiration were3.49-3.74. There was a significant positive correlation between CO_2 efflux and soil CO_2 concentration or soil temperature. Using the derived relationships,we estimated CO_2 efflux for the nongrowing season,and found that the three models produced similar magnitudes and variations,i.e.,0.44 to 0.57,-0.18 to 0.01 and 0.09 to 0.13 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) for the maximum,the minimum and the mean values,respectively. Our results demonstrated the effects of soil carbon transformation in non-growing season on carbon cycling of the Yellow River Delta wetland.
To address the issue of lacking data in the non-growing season,we conducted an experiment in a coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta from October 29,2016 to February 9,2017,by continuously monitoring soil CO_2 concentration and temperature at different soil depths( 15,30,and 45 cm). In order to understand the dynamics of CO_2 efflux and to assess its relationship with soil CO_2 concentration,we measured CO_2 efflux in March 3-5 and March 16-18,2017. The results showed that soil CO_2 concentration significantly increased with the increases of soil depth. At the same depth,soil CO_2 concentration was significantly higher in autumn than in winter. There was strong diurnal variation in CO_2 efflux,which was consistent with the variation of surface soil temperature. The temperature sensitivity coefficients( Q10) of soil respiration were3.49-3.74. There was a significant positive correlation between CO_2 efflux and soil CO_2 concentration or soil temperature. Using the derived relationships,we estimated CO_2 efflux for the nongrowing season,and found that the three models produced similar magnitudes and variations,i.e.,0.44 to 0.57,-0.18 to 0.01 and 0.09 to 0.13 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) for the maximum,the minimum and the mean values,respectively. Our results demonstrated the effects of soil carbon transformation in non-growing season on carbon cycling of the Yellow River Delta wetland.
引文
阿力木·阿巴斯,买买提艾力·买买提依明,何清,等.2016.肖塘地区夏季土壤CO2浓度日变化特征及影响因素.沙漠与绿洲气象,10(2):63-69.
曹磊,宋金明,李学刚,等.2013.中国滨海盐沼湿地碳收支与碳循环过程研究进展.生态学报,33(17):5141-5152.
陈骥,曹军骥,魏永林,等.2014.青海湖北岸高寒草甸草原非生长季土壤呼吸对温度和湿度的响应.草业学报,23(6):78-86.
陈光水,杨玉盛,王小国,等.2005.格氏栲天然林与人工林根系呼吸季节动态及影响因素.生态学报,25(8):1941-1947.
程建中,李心清,周志红,等.2011.土壤CO2浓度与地表CO2通量的季节变化及其相互关系.地球与环境,39(2):196-202.
初小静,韩广轩,邢庆会,等.2015.阴天和晴天对黄河三角洲芦苇湿地净生态系统CO2交换的影响.植物生态学报,39(7):661-673.
刁一伟,郑循华,王跃思,等.2004.土壤温度和湿度对冬小麦田土壤空气CO2浓度的影响.气候与环境研究,9(4):584-590.
冯忠江,赵欣胜.2008.黄河三角洲芦苇生物量空间变化环境解释.水土保持研究,15(3):170-174.
高国伟,刘拓.2014.全球变暖与中国粮食安全.生态经济,30(2):120-122.
江长胜,郝庆菊,宋长春,等.2010.垦殖对沼泽湿地土壤呼吸速率的影响.生态学报,30(17):4539-4548.
李华兵,杜国云,张贵军.2012.黄河三角洲芦苇群落土壤呼吸日动态研究.鲁东大学学报:自然科学版,28(1):67-71.
李兆富,吕宪国,杨青.2002.湿地土壤CO2通量研究进展.生态学杂志,21(6):47-50.
沙晨燕,王敏,王卿,等.2011.湿地碳排放及其影响因素.生态学杂志,30(9):2072-2079.
孙宝玉,韩广轩.2016.模拟增温对土壤呼吸影响机制的研究进展与展望.应用生态学报,27(10):3394-3402.
王超,黄群斌,杨智杰,等.2011.杉木人工林不同深度土壤CO2通量.生态学报,31(19):5711-5719.
王超,杨智杰,陈光水,等.2010.土壤垂直剖面的CO2通量研究.亚热带资源与环境学报,5(4):85-92.
王娓,汪涛,彭书时,等.2007.冬季土壤呼吸:不可忽视的地气CO2交换过程.植物生态学报,31(3):394-402.
王秀君,章海波,韩广轩.2016.中国海岸带及近海碳循环与蓝碳潜力.中国科学院院刊,31(10):1218-1225.
吴静,陈书涛,胡正华,等.2015.不同温度下的土壤微生物呼吸及其与水溶性有机碳和转化酶的关系.环境科学,36(4):1497-1506.
薛晶月.2015.若尔盖高寒湿地土壤有机质分解对温度变化的响应(硕士学位论文).成都:四川农业大学.
杨利琼,韩广轩,于君宝,等.2013.黄河三角洲芦苇湿地生长季净生态系统CO2交换及其环境调控机制.应用生态学报,24(9):2415-2422.
易志刚,蚁伟民,丁明懋,等.2006.鼎湖山自然保护区土壤有机碳、微生物生物量碳和土壤CO2浓度垂直分布.生态环境,15(3):611-615.
张春林,赵景波,杨晓东.2008.草地不同深度土壤CO2浓度变化特征研究.陕西师范大学学报:自然科学版,36(6):90-95.
赵志敏,赵成义,于波,等.2011.基于GMP222连续测定土壤剖面CO2浓度的干旱区棉田土壤呼吸研究//全国农业环境科学学术研讨会.
Bao X,Zhu X,Chang X,et al.2016.Effects of soil temperature and moisture on soil respiration on the Tibetan Plateau.PLo S One,11:e0165212.
Bekele A,Kellman L,Beltrami H.2007.Soil Profile CO2concentrations in forested and clear cut sites in Nova Scotia,Canada.Forest Ecology and Management,242:587-597.
Fang C,Moncrieff JB.2001.The dependence of soil CO2efflux on temperature.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,33:155-165.
Fierer N,Chadwick OA,Trumbore SE.2005.Production of CO2in soil profiles of a California annual grassland.Ecosystems,8:412-429.
Huang L,Zhang Z,Li X.2014.Soil CO2concentration in biological soil crusts and its driving factors in a revegetated area of the Tengger Desert,Northern China.Environmental Earth Sciences,72:767-777.
Islam MR,Chakma A.1993.Storage and utilization of CO2,in petroleum reservoirs:A simulation study.Energy Conversion and Management,34:1205-1212.
Jassal R,Black A,Novak M,et al.2005.Relationship between soil CO2concentrations and forest-floor CO2effluxes.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,130:176-192.
Jenkinson DS,Adams DE,Wild A.1991.Model estimates of CO2emissions from soil in response to global warming.Nature,351:304-306.
Jones HG.2015.The ecology of snow-covered systems:A brief overview of nutrient cycling and life in the cold.Hydrological Processes,13:2135-2147.
Kelting DL,Burger JA,Edwards GS.1998.Estimating root respiration,microbial respiration in the rhizosphere,and rootfree soil respiration in forest soils.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,30:961-968.
Li Z,Wang X,Zhang R,et al.2011.Contrasting diurnal variations in soil organic carbon decomposition and root respiration due to a hysteresis effect with soil temperature in a Gossypiums(cotton)plantation.Plant and Soil,343:347-355.
Luo Y,Wan S,Hui D,et al.2001.Acclimatization of soil respiration to warming in a tall grass prairie.Nature,413:622-625.
Luo Y,Zhou X.2006.Soil Respiration and the Environment.London:Academic Press:257-305.
Moldrup P,Deepagoda TKKC,Hamamoto S,et al.2013.Structure-dependent water-induced linear reduction model for predicting gas diffusivity and tortuosity in repacked and intact soil.Vadose Zone Journal,12:5823-5856.
Niu S,Luo Y,Fei S,et al.2011.Seasonal hysteresis of net ecosystem exchange in response to temperature change:Patterns and causes.Global Change Biology,17:3102-3114.
Phillips CL,Nickerson N,Risk D,et al.2015.Interpreting diel hysteresis between soil respiration and temperature.Global Change Biology,17:515-527.
Raich JW,Schlesinger WH.1992.The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate.Tellus Series B:Chemical&Physical Meteorology,44:81-99.
Schlesinger WH,Andrews JA.2000.Soil respiration and the global carbon cycle.Biogeochemistry,48:7-20.
Shu KL,Chen D,Norton R,et al.2013.The effect of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration on the contribution of residual legume and fertilizer nitrogen to a subsequent wheat crop.Plant and Soil,364:81-91.
Smith LC,Macdonald GM,Velichko AA,et al.2004.Siberian peatlands a net carbon sink and global methane source since the early Holocene.Science,303:353-356.
Song W,Chen S,Zhou Y,et al.2015.Contrasting diel hysteresis between soil autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration in a desert ecosystem under different rainfall scenarios.Scientific Reports,5:16779.
Sotomayor D,Rice CW.1999.Soil air carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide concentrations in profiles under tallgrass prairie and cultivation.Journal of Environmental Quality,28:784-793.
Trumbore S.2006.Carbon respired by terrestrial ecosystems:Recent progress and challenges.Global Change Biology,12:141-153.
Wan S,Norby RJ,Ledford J,et al.2007.Responses of soil respiration to elevated CO2,air warming,and changing soil water availability in a model old-field grassland.Global Change Biology,13:2411-2424.
Wang X,Liu L,Piao S,et al.2014.Soil respiration under climate warming:Differential response of heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration.Global Change Biology,20:3229-3237.
Wu X,Yao Z,Brüggemann N,et al.2010.Effects of soil moisture and temperature on CO2and CH4soil atmosphere exchange of various land use/cover types in a semi-arid grassland in Inner Mongolia,China.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,42:773-787.
Zhou T,Shi P,Hui D,et al.2009.Global pattern of temperature sensitivity of soil heterotrophic respiration(Q10)and its implications for carbon-climate feedback.Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences,114:G02016.
曹磊,宋金明,李学刚,等.2013.中国滨海盐沼湿地碳收支与碳循环过程研究进展.生态学报,33(17):5141-5152.
陈骥,曹军骥,魏永林,等.2014.青海湖北岸高寒草甸草原非生长季土壤呼吸对温度和湿度的响应.草业学报,23(6):78-86.
陈光水,杨玉盛,王小国,等.2005.格氏栲天然林与人工林根系呼吸季节动态及影响因素.生态学报,25(8):1941-1947.
程建中,李心清,周志红,等.2011.土壤CO2浓度与地表CO2通量的季节变化及其相互关系.地球与环境,39(2):196-202.
初小静,韩广轩,邢庆会,等.2015.阴天和晴天对黄河三角洲芦苇湿地净生态系统CO2交换的影响.植物生态学报,39(7):661-673.
刁一伟,郑循华,王跃思,等.2004.土壤温度和湿度对冬小麦田土壤空气CO2浓度的影响.气候与环境研究,9(4):584-590.
冯忠江,赵欣胜.2008.黄河三角洲芦苇生物量空间变化环境解释.水土保持研究,15(3):170-174.
高国伟,刘拓.2014.全球变暖与中国粮食安全.生态经济,30(2):120-122.
江长胜,郝庆菊,宋长春,等.2010.垦殖对沼泽湿地土壤呼吸速率的影响.生态学报,30(17):4539-4548.
李华兵,杜国云,张贵军.2012.黄河三角洲芦苇群落土壤呼吸日动态研究.鲁东大学学报:自然科学版,28(1):67-71.
李兆富,吕宪国,杨青.2002.湿地土壤CO2通量研究进展.生态学杂志,21(6):47-50.
沙晨燕,王敏,王卿,等.2011.湿地碳排放及其影响因素.生态学杂志,30(9):2072-2079.
孙宝玉,韩广轩.2016.模拟增温对土壤呼吸影响机制的研究进展与展望.应用生态学报,27(10):3394-3402.
王超,黄群斌,杨智杰,等.2011.杉木人工林不同深度土壤CO2通量.生态学报,31(19):5711-5719.
王超,杨智杰,陈光水,等.2010.土壤垂直剖面的CO2通量研究.亚热带资源与环境学报,5(4):85-92.
王娓,汪涛,彭书时,等.2007.冬季土壤呼吸:不可忽视的地气CO2交换过程.植物生态学报,31(3):394-402.
王秀君,章海波,韩广轩.2016.中国海岸带及近海碳循环与蓝碳潜力.中国科学院院刊,31(10):1218-1225.
吴静,陈书涛,胡正华,等.2015.不同温度下的土壤微生物呼吸及其与水溶性有机碳和转化酶的关系.环境科学,36(4):1497-1506.
薛晶月.2015.若尔盖高寒湿地土壤有机质分解对温度变化的响应(硕士学位论文).成都:四川农业大学.
杨利琼,韩广轩,于君宝,等.2013.黄河三角洲芦苇湿地生长季净生态系统CO2交换及其环境调控机制.应用生态学报,24(9):2415-2422.
易志刚,蚁伟民,丁明懋,等.2006.鼎湖山自然保护区土壤有机碳、微生物生物量碳和土壤CO2浓度垂直分布.生态环境,15(3):611-615.
张春林,赵景波,杨晓东.2008.草地不同深度土壤CO2浓度变化特征研究.陕西师范大学学报:自然科学版,36(6):90-95.
赵志敏,赵成义,于波,等.2011.基于GMP222连续测定土壤剖面CO2浓度的干旱区棉田土壤呼吸研究//全国农业环境科学学术研讨会.
Bao X,Zhu X,Chang X,et al.2016.Effects of soil temperature and moisture on soil respiration on the Tibetan Plateau.PLo S One,11:e0165212.
Bekele A,Kellman L,Beltrami H.2007.Soil Profile CO2concentrations in forested and clear cut sites in Nova Scotia,Canada.Forest Ecology and Management,242:587-597.
Fang C,Moncrieff JB.2001.The dependence of soil CO2efflux on temperature.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,33:155-165.
Fierer N,Chadwick OA,Trumbore SE.2005.Production of CO2in soil profiles of a California annual grassland.Ecosystems,8:412-429.
Huang L,Zhang Z,Li X.2014.Soil CO2concentration in biological soil crusts and its driving factors in a revegetated area of the Tengger Desert,Northern China.Environmental Earth Sciences,72:767-777.
Islam MR,Chakma A.1993.Storage and utilization of CO2,in petroleum reservoirs:A simulation study.Energy Conversion and Management,34:1205-1212.
Jassal R,Black A,Novak M,et al.2005.Relationship between soil CO2concentrations and forest-floor CO2effluxes.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,130:176-192.
Jenkinson DS,Adams DE,Wild A.1991.Model estimates of CO2emissions from soil in response to global warming.Nature,351:304-306.
Jones HG.2015.The ecology of snow-covered systems:A brief overview of nutrient cycling and life in the cold.Hydrological Processes,13:2135-2147.
Kelting DL,Burger JA,Edwards GS.1998.Estimating root respiration,microbial respiration in the rhizosphere,and rootfree soil respiration in forest soils.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,30:961-968.
Li Z,Wang X,Zhang R,et al.2011.Contrasting diurnal variations in soil organic carbon decomposition and root respiration due to a hysteresis effect with soil temperature in a Gossypiums(cotton)plantation.Plant and Soil,343:347-355.
Luo Y,Wan S,Hui D,et al.2001.Acclimatization of soil respiration to warming in a tall grass prairie.Nature,413:622-625.
Luo Y,Zhou X.2006.Soil Respiration and the Environment.London:Academic Press:257-305.
Moldrup P,Deepagoda TKKC,Hamamoto S,et al.2013.Structure-dependent water-induced linear reduction model for predicting gas diffusivity and tortuosity in repacked and intact soil.Vadose Zone Journal,12:5823-5856.
Niu S,Luo Y,Fei S,et al.2011.Seasonal hysteresis of net ecosystem exchange in response to temperature change:Patterns and causes.Global Change Biology,17:3102-3114.
Phillips CL,Nickerson N,Risk D,et al.2015.Interpreting diel hysteresis between soil respiration and temperature.Global Change Biology,17:515-527.
Raich JW,Schlesinger WH.1992.The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate.Tellus Series B:Chemical&Physical Meteorology,44:81-99.
Schlesinger WH,Andrews JA.2000.Soil respiration and the global carbon cycle.Biogeochemistry,48:7-20.
Shu KL,Chen D,Norton R,et al.2013.The effect of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration on the contribution of residual legume and fertilizer nitrogen to a subsequent wheat crop.Plant and Soil,364:81-91.
Smith LC,Macdonald GM,Velichko AA,et al.2004.Siberian peatlands a net carbon sink and global methane source since the early Holocene.Science,303:353-356.
Song W,Chen S,Zhou Y,et al.2015.Contrasting diel hysteresis between soil autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration in a desert ecosystem under different rainfall scenarios.Scientific Reports,5:16779.
Sotomayor D,Rice CW.1999.Soil air carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide concentrations in profiles under tallgrass prairie and cultivation.Journal of Environmental Quality,28:784-793.
Trumbore S.2006.Carbon respired by terrestrial ecosystems:Recent progress and challenges.Global Change Biology,12:141-153.
Wan S,Norby RJ,Ledford J,et al.2007.Responses of soil respiration to elevated CO2,air warming,and changing soil water availability in a model old-field grassland.Global Change Biology,13:2411-2424.
Wang X,Liu L,Piao S,et al.2014.Soil respiration under climate warming:Differential response of heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration.Global Change Biology,20:3229-3237.
Wu X,Yao Z,Brüggemann N,et al.2010.Effects of soil moisture and temperature on CO2and CH4soil atmosphere exchange of various land use/cover types in a semi-arid grassland in Inner Mongolia,China.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,42:773-787.
Zhou T,Shi P,Hui D,et al.2009.Global pattern of temperature sensitivity of soil heterotrophic respiration(Q10)and its implications for carbon-climate feedback.Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences,114:G02016.