模拟氮沉降与蚯蚓添加对油松和辽东栎幼苗生态系统呼吸的影响
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摘要
为探讨氮沉降及蚯蚓添加对幼苗生态系统呼吸速率的影响,本研究于2017年6—9月在山西省灵空山自然保护区的苗圃地开展实验,利用LI-8100开路式土壤碳通量测量系统测定了模拟氮沉降(0、50、100 kg N·hm-2·a-1,分别表示为CK、LN、HN)与蚯蚓添加处理(未添加蚯蚓处理(A)和添加蚯蚓处理(B))下,油松(Pinus tabuliformis)和辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)幼苗生态系统的呼吸速率。结果表明:不同幼苗生态系统呼吸速率对氮沉降处理响应不同,氮沉降对油松幼苗生态系统呼吸速率影响不显著(P>0.05),而对辽东栎幼苗生态系统呼吸速率影响显著(P<0.01);无蚯蚓添加时在低氮和高氮条件下辽东栎幼苗生态系统呼吸速率分别增加了0.61%和3.65%,蚯蚓添加时在低氮和高氮条件下分别增加了6.67%和31.82%;蚯蚓对不同幼苗生态系统呼吸速率均表现为明显的促进作用,添加蚯蚓使油松幼苗(P<0.01)和辽东栎幼苗(P<0.05)生态系统呼吸速率在CK、LN、HN处理下分别增加了16.04%、40.86%、1.15%和0.31%、6.34%、27.57%;氮沉降与蚯蚓的交互作用(P<0.05),可促进幼苗生态系统呼吸速率;蚯蚓添加下,油松各N处理下的呼吸温度敏感系数Q10值有所升高,而辽东栎的Q10值均有降低;随着施氮量的增加,油松的Q10值呈现出先下降后上升的趋势,而辽东栎的Q10值呈现出先增大后减小的趋势。
To explore the effects of nitrogen( N) deposition and earthworm addition on seedling's ecosystem respiratory rates,we used LI-8100 soil carbon flux measurement system to measure the ecosystem respiratory rates of Pinus tabuliformis and Quercus liaotungensis seedlings under simulated N deposition( 0,50,100 kg N·hm-2·a-1,designated as CK,LN,HN respectively) and earthworm addition( no earthworm addition,A; earthworm addition,B) in the nursery located near Lingkong Mountain Nature Reserve,Shanxi Province from June to September in 2017. The results showed that the responses of ecosystem respiration rate of seedlings to N deposition differed between the two species. N deposition had no significant effects on the ecosystem respiration rate of P. tabuliformis seedlings( P > 0. 05),but significantly affected that of Q. liaotungensis seedlings( P<0.01). In low LN and HN treatments,the ecosystem respiration rate of Q. liaotungensis seedlings increased by 0.61% and 3.65% respectively under no earthworm addition,and increased by 6. 67% and 31. 82% respectively under earthworm addition. Earthworm addition promoted the ecosystem respiration rate of P. tabuliformis( P < 0. 01) and Q. liaotungensis( P<0.05) seedlings,with increases of 16.04%,40.86%,and 1.15% for P. tabuliformis and0.31%,6.34%,and 27.57% for Q. liaotungensis at CK,LN,and HN,respectively. N deposition interacted with earthworm addition to promote the ecosystem respiration rate of both species( P<0.05). Earthworm addition increased the temperature coefficients of respiration( Q10values)of P. tabuliformis in various N addition treatments,while decreased that of Q. liaotungensis. The Q10 values of P. tabuliformis were decreased and then increased with the increasing N level,while the Q10 values of Q. liaotungensis were increased and then decreased with the increasing N level.
To explore the effects of nitrogen( N) deposition and earthworm addition on seedling's ecosystem respiratory rates,we used LI-8100 soil carbon flux measurement system to measure the ecosystem respiratory rates of Pinus tabuliformis and Quercus liaotungensis seedlings under simulated N deposition( 0,50,100 kg N·hm-2·a-1,designated as CK,LN,HN respectively) and earthworm addition( no earthworm addition,A; earthworm addition,B) in the nursery located near Lingkong Mountain Nature Reserve,Shanxi Province from June to September in 2017. The results showed that the responses of ecosystem respiration rate of seedlings to N deposition differed between the two species. N deposition had no significant effects on the ecosystem respiration rate of P. tabuliformis seedlings( P > 0. 05),but significantly affected that of Q. liaotungensis seedlings( P<0.01). In low LN and HN treatments,the ecosystem respiration rate of Q. liaotungensis seedlings increased by 0.61% and 3.65% respectively under no earthworm addition,and increased by 6. 67% and 31. 82% respectively under earthworm addition. Earthworm addition promoted the ecosystem respiration rate of P. tabuliformis( P < 0. 01) and Q. liaotungensis( P<0.05) seedlings,with increases of 16.04%,40.86%,and 1.15% for P. tabuliformis and0.31%,6.34%,and 27.57% for Q. liaotungensis at CK,LN,and HN,respectively. N deposition interacted with earthworm addition to promote the ecosystem respiration rate of both species( P<0.05). Earthworm addition increased the temperature coefficients of respiration( Q10values)of P. tabuliformis in various N addition treatments,while decreased that of Q. liaotungensis. The Q10 values of P. tabuliformis were decreased and then increased with the increasing N level,while the Q10 values of Q. liaotungensis were increased and then decreased with the increasing N level.
引文
陈槐.2016.不同放牧强度对高寒草甸生态系统呼吸的早期影响.应用与环境生物学报,22(4):561-566.
初小静,韩广轩,邢庆会,等.2017.阴天和晴天对黄河三角洲芦苇湿地净生态系统CO2交换的影响.植物生态学报,39(7):661-673.
李凯,江洪,由美娜,等.2011.模拟氮沉降对石栎和苦槠幼苗土壤呼吸的影响.生态学报,31(1):82-89.
李化山,汪金松,法蕾,等.2013.模拟氮沉降对油松幼苗生长的影响.应用与环境生物学报,19(5):774-780.
李化山,汪金松,刘星,等.2015.模拟氮沉降对太岳山油松人工林和天然林草本群落的影响.生态学报,35(11):3710-3721.
鲁如坤.2000.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科技出版社.
涂利华,胡庭兴,黄立华,等.2009.华西雨屏区苦竹林土壤呼吸对模拟氮沉降的响应.植物生态学报,33(4):728-738.
汪金松,赵秀海,张春雨,等.2012.改变C源输入对油松人工林土壤呼吸的影响.生态学报,32(9):2768-2777.
杨洋,张玉龙,祁金虎,等.2016.灌溉方法对日光温室土壤呼吸的影响.生态学杂志,35(11):2890-2895.
伊锋,韩有志,贺自书,等.2017.山西太岳山森林生物量与碳密度研究.山西农业科学,45(4):599-602.
于建光,胡锋,李辉信,等.2010.接种蚯蚓对土壤团聚体分布、稳定性及有机碳赋存的影响.水土保持学报,24(3):175-179.
张芳.2012.黄土旱塬区长期施氮对农田土壤呼吸的影响(硕士学位论文).杨凌:西北农林科技大学.
宗宁,石培礼,蔣婧,等.2013.短期氮素添加和模拟放牧对青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统呼吸的影响.生态学报,33(19):6191-6201.
Aira M,Sampedro L,Monroy F,et al.2008.Detritivorous earthworms directly modify the structure,thus altering the functioning of a microdecomposer food web.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,40:2511-2516.
Brndholt A,Ibrom A,Larsen KS,et al.2018.Partitioning of ecosystem respiration in a beech forest.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,252:88-98.
Butenschoen O,Poll C,Langel R,et al.2007.Endogeic earthworms alter carbon translocation by fungi at the soil-litter interface.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,39:2854-2864.
Eisenhauer N,Partsch S,Parkinson D,et al.2007.Invasion of a deciduous forest by earthworms:Changes in soil chemistry,microflora,microarthropods and vegetation.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,39:1099-1110.
Erica.D,Danielc N,Francoiseyoko I,et al.2010.Effects of an experimental drought and recovery on soil emissions of carbon dioxide,methane,nitrous oxide,and nitric oxide in a moist tropical forest.Global Change Biology,14:2582-2590.
Fahey TJ,Yavitt JB,Sherman RE,et al.2013.Earthworms,litter and soil carbon in a northern hardwood forest.Biogeochemistry,114:269-280.
Fisk MC,Fahey TJ,Groffman PM,et al.2004.Earthworm invasion,fine-root distributions,and soil respiration in north temperate forests.Ecosystems,7:55-62.
Frouz J,Spaldonova A,Fricova K,et al.2014.The effect of earthworms(Lumbricus rubellus)and simulated tillage on soil organic carbon in a long-term microcosm experiment.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,78:58-64.
Gao Q,Hasselquist NJ,Palmroth S,et al.2014.Short-term response of soil respiration to nitrogen fertilization in a subtropical evergreen forest.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,76:297-300.
Janssens IA,Dieleman W,Luyssaert S,et al.2010.Reduction of forest soil respiration in response to nitrogen deposition.Nature Geoscience,3:315-322.
Jennings BW,Watmough SA.2016.The impact of invasive earthworms on soil respiration and soil carbon within temperate hardwood forests.Ecosystems,19:1-13.
Kominoski JS,Rosemond AD,Benstead JP,et al.2018.Experimental nitrogen and phosphorus additions increase rates of stream ecosystem respiration and carbon loss.Limnology&Oceanography,63:22-36.
Liang N,Hirano T,Zheng ZM,et al.2010.Continuous measurement of soil CO2efflux in a larch forest by automated chamber and concentration gradient techniques.Biogeosciences Discussions,7:1345-1375.
Lubbers IM,Groenigen KJV,Fonte SJ,et al.2013.Greenhouse-gas emissions from soils increased by earthworms.Nature Climate Change,3:187-194.
Ma Y,Qian C,Sun D,et al.2016.Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on greenhouse gas emissions from soil in paddy field.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,32:128-134.
Pregitzer KS,King JS,Burton AJ,et al.2010.Responses of tree fine roots to temperature.New Phytologist,147:105-115.
Rajapaksha NSS,Butt KR,Vanguelova EI,et al.2014.Short rotation forestry-earthworm interactions:A field based mesocosm experiment.Applied Soil Ecology,76:52-59.
Treseder K.2008.Nitrogen additions and microbial biomass:Ameta-analysis of ecosystem studies.Ecology Letters,11:1111-1120.
Vitousek PM,Howarth RW.1991.Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea:How can it occur?Biogeochemistry,13:87-115.
Xia M,Talhelm AF,Pregitzer KS.2017.Chronic nitrogen deposition influences the chemical dynamics of leaf litter and fine roots during decomposition.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,112:24-34.
Yu GR,Ren W,Chen Z,et al.2016.Construction and progress of Chinese terrestrial ecosystem carbon,nitrogen and water fluxes coordinated observation.Journal of Geographical Sciences,26:803-826.
Yu GR,Zhu XJ,Fu YL,et al.2013.Spatial patterns and climate drivers of carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of China.Global Change Biology,19:798-810.
Zhang CP,Niu D,Hall SJ,et al.2014.Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil respiration components and their temperature sensitivities in a semiarid grassland.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,75:113-123.
Zong N,Shi PL,Song MH,et al.2012.Clipping alters the response of biomass allocation pattern under nitrogen addition in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Natural Resources,27:1696-1707.
初小静,韩广轩,邢庆会,等.2017.阴天和晴天对黄河三角洲芦苇湿地净生态系统CO2交换的影响.植物生态学报,39(7):661-673.
李凯,江洪,由美娜,等.2011.模拟氮沉降对石栎和苦槠幼苗土壤呼吸的影响.生态学报,31(1):82-89.
李化山,汪金松,法蕾,等.2013.模拟氮沉降对油松幼苗生长的影响.应用与环境生物学报,19(5):774-780.
李化山,汪金松,刘星,等.2015.模拟氮沉降对太岳山油松人工林和天然林草本群落的影响.生态学报,35(11):3710-3721.
鲁如坤.2000.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科技出版社.
涂利华,胡庭兴,黄立华,等.2009.华西雨屏区苦竹林土壤呼吸对模拟氮沉降的响应.植物生态学报,33(4):728-738.
汪金松,赵秀海,张春雨,等.2012.改变C源输入对油松人工林土壤呼吸的影响.生态学报,32(9):2768-2777.
杨洋,张玉龙,祁金虎,等.2016.灌溉方法对日光温室土壤呼吸的影响.生态学杂志,35(11):2890-2895.
伊锋,韩有志,贺自书,等.2017.山西太岳山森林生物量与碳密度研究.山西农业科学,45(4):599-602.
于建光,胡锋,李辉信,等.2010.接种蚯蚓对土壤团聚体分布、稳定性及有机碳赋存的影响.水土保持学报,24(3):175-179.
张芳.2012.黄土旱塬区长期施氮对农田土壤呼吸的影响(硕士学位论文).杨凌:西北农林科技大学.
宗宁,石培礼,蔣婧,等.2013.短期氮素添加和模拟放牧对青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统呼吸的影响.生态学报,33(19):6191-6201.
Aira M,Sampedro L,Monroy F,et al.2008.Detritivorous earthworms directly modify the structure,thus altering the functioning of a microdecomposer food web.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,40:2511-2516.
Brndholt A,Ibrom A,Larsen KS,et al.2018.Partitioning of ecosystem respiration in a beech forest.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,252:88-98.
Butenschoen O,Poll C,Langel R,et al.2007.Endogeic earthworms alter carbon translocation by fungi at the soil-litter interface.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,39:2854-2864.
Eisenhauer N,Partsch S,Parkinson D,et al.2007.Invasion of a deciduous forest by earthworms:Changes in soil chemistry,microflora,microarthropods and vegetation.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,39:1099-1110.
Erica.D,Danielc N,Francoiseyoko I,et al.2010.Effects of an experimental drought and recovery on soil emissions of carbon dioxide,methane,nitrous oxide,and nitric oxide in a moist tropical forest.Global Change Biology,14:2582-2590.
Fahey TJ,Yavitt JB,Sherman RE,et al.2013.Earthworms,litter and soil carbon in a northern hardwood forest.Biogeochemistry,114:269-280.
Fisk MC,Fahey TJ,Groffman PM,et al.2004.Earthworm invasion,fine-root distributions,and soil respiration in north temperate forests.Ecosystems,7:55-62.
Frouz J,Spaldonova A,Fricova K,et al.2014.The effect of earthworms(Lumbricus rubellus)and simulated tillage on soil organic carbon in a long-term microcosm experiment.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,78:58-64.
Gao Q,Hasselquist NJ,Palmroth S,et al.2014.Short-term response of soil respiration to nitrogen fertilization in a subtropical evergreen forest.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,76:297-300.
Janssens IA,Dieleman W,Luyssaert S,et al.2010.Reduction of forest soil respiration in response to nitrogen deposition.Nature Geoscience,3:315-322.
Jennings BW,Watmough SA.2016.The impact of invasive earthworms on soil respiration and soil carbon within temperate hardwood forests.Ecosystems,19:1-13.
Kominoski JS,Rosemond AD,Benstead JP,et al.2018.Experimental nitrogen and phosphorus additions increase rates of stream ecosystem respiration and carbon loss.Limnology&Oceanography,63:22-36.
Liang N,Hirano T,Zheng ZM,et al.2010.Continuous measurement of soil CO2efflux in a larch forest by automated chamber and concentration gradient techniques.Biogeosciences Discussions,7:1345-1375.
Lubbers IM,Groenigen KJV,Fonte SJ,et al.2013.Greenhouse-gas emissions from soils increased by earthworms.Nature Climate Change,3:187-194.
Ma Y,Qian C,Sun D,et al.2016.Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on greenhouse gas emissions from soil in paddy field.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,32:128-134.
Pregitzer KS,King JS,Burton AJ,et al.2010.Responses of tree fine roots to temperature.New Phytologist,147:105-115.
Rajapaksha NSS,Butt KR,Vanguelova EI,et al.2014.Short rotation forestry-earthworm interactions:A field based mesocosm experiment.Applied Soil Ecology,76:52-59.
Treseder K.2008.Nitrogen additions and microbial biomass:Ameta-analysis of ecosystem studies.Ecology Letters,11:1111-1120.
Vitousek PM,Howarth RW.1991.Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea:How can it occur?Biogeochemistry,13:87-115.
Xia M,Talhelm AF,Pregitzer KS.2017.Chronic nitrogen deposition influences the chemical dynamics of leaf litter and fine roots during decomposition.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,112:24-34.
Yu GR,Ren W,Chen Z,et al.2016.Construction and progress of Chinese terrestrial ecosystem carbon,nitrogen and water fluxes coordinated observation.Journal of Geographical Sciences,26:803-826.
Yu GR,Zhu XJ,Fu YL,et al.2013.Spatial patterns and climate drivers of carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of China.Global Change Biology,19:798-810.
Zhang CP,Niu D,Hall SJ,et al.2014.Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil respiration components and their temperature sensitivities in a semiarid grassland.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,75:113-123.
Zong N,Shi PL,Song MH,et al.2012.Clipping alters the response of biomass allocation pattern under nitrogen addition in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Natural Resources,27:1696-1707.