基于Digital Water的初期雨水径流污染控制措施研究
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摘要
初期雨水作为非点源污染已经严重影响城市水环境现状,初期雨水的治理也被国内外专家重视。分析类比了不同类型的初期雨水径流污染控制措施,阐述了初期雨水污染物的积累及冲刷过程的模拟函数。借助Digital Water对研究区域降水进行模拟,分析未开发、仅增加LID措施、增加LID措施与末端调蓄池组合方案3种情况,发现初期雨水的源头控制和末端控制对初期雨水径流总量削减和污染物浓度削减分别在不同的时间和空间上起着显著的作用,LID措施通过源头截留在降雨初期削减污染物浓度和洪峰流量,而后削减能力减弱,继而雨水进入末端调蓄池,降雨后期洪峰流量和污染物通过调蓄池削减。初期雨水的源头控制和末端控制组合应用效果良好,对流总量削减和污染物浓度削减有不同的贡献率。而初期雨水的过程控制也就是初期雨水截留控制应用及研究还不足,是未来研究和实践的发展方向。
As a non-point source pollution,initial rainwater has seriously affected the current situation of urban water environment. In this paper we analyzed different types of control measures for initial rainwater runoff pollution,and compared functions of pollutant accumulation,washout,and simulation software. Furthermore,we simulated rainfall in the study area by Digital Water with three scenarios: non-developed scenario,LID( Low Impact Development) scenario,and end storage tank scenario. We found that source control and end control in combination had satisfactory result and each played significant role in initial runoff reduction and pollutant concentration reduction in different time and space scales with different contribution rates. LID measures cut pollutant concentration and peak flow through interception in the early stage,and weakened later on; while storage tank reduced peak discharge and pollutant concentration in the later stage of rainfall. Nevertheless,the application and research on process control of initial rainwater,namely,the interception of initial rainwater,is inadequate,hence would be the direction of future research and practice.
As a non-point source pollution,initial rainwater has seriously affected the current situation of urban water environment. In this paper we analyzed different types of control measures for initial rainwater runoff pollution,and compared functions of pollutant accumulation,washout,and simulation software. Furthermore,we simulated rainfall in the study area by Digital Water with three scenarios: non-developed scenario,LID( Low Impact Development) scenario,and end storage tank scenario. We found that source control and end control in combination had satisfactory result and each played significant role in initial runoff reduction and pollutant concentration reduction in different time and space scales with different contribution rates. LID measures cut pollutant concentration and peak flow through interception in the early stage,and weakened later on; while storage tank reduced peak discharge and pollutant concentration in the later stage of rainfall. Nevertheless,the application and research on process control of initial rainwater,namely,the interception of initial rainwater,is inadequate,hence would be the direction of future research and practice.
引文
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[10]徐贵泉,陈长太,林卫青,等.初期雨水调蓄池控制溢流污染研究[J].中国给水排水,2005,31(8):19-22.
[11]车伍,欧岚,汪慧贞,等.北京城区雨水径流水质及其主要影响因素[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2002,3(1):33-37.
[12]蒋元勇.城市集水区降雨径流污染特征及调控模拟研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2015.
[13]姜体胜,孙艳伟,杨忠山,等.基于SWMM的不同降水量对城市降雨径流TSS的影响分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2011,9(5):55-58.
[14]彭彤,盛政,赵冬泉,等.基于GIS的城市排水防涝设施普查信息平台开发与应用[J].给水排水,2016,42(4):132-136.
[15] GUO J C Y,URBONAS B,MACKENZIE K. Water Quality Capture Volume for Storm Water BMP and LID Designs[J]. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2014,19(4):682-686.
[2] US EPA.Meeting the Environment Challenge[R]. Washington D.C.:US EPA,1990:46.
[3]车伍,刘燕,李俊奇.国内外城市雨水水质及污染控制[J].给水排水,2003,29(10):38-42.
[4]贺缠生,傅伯杰.非点源污染的管理及控制[J].环境科学,1998,(5):87-91.
[5] WEITMAN D,WEINBERG A,GOO R. Reducing Stormwater Costs through LID Strategies and Practices[C]∥Proceeding of the International Low Impact Development Conference.Seattle,Washingtan. November 16-19,2008:1-10.
[6]王建龙,车伍,易红星.基于低影响开发的城市雨洪控制与利用方法[J].中国给水排水,2009,25(14):6-9.
[7]侯立柱,丁跃元,冯绍元,等.北京城区不同下垫面的雨水径流水质比较[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(23):35-38.
[8] GROMAIRE M C,GARNAUD S,SAAD M,et al. Contribution of Different Sources to the Pollution of Wet Weather Flows in Combined Sewers[J]. Water Research,2001,35(2):521-33.
[9]李亮,康威,谭松明,等.我国建筑小区雨水弃流技术与装置发展现状[J].中国给水排水,2016,32(4):1-6.
[10]徐贵泉,陈长太,林卫青,等.初期雨水调蓄池控制溢流污染研究[J].中国给水排水,2005,31(8):19-22.
[11]车伍,欧岚,汪慧贞,等.北京城区雨水径流水质及其主要影响因素[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2002,3(1):33-37.
[12]蒋元勇.城市集水区降雨径流污染特征及调控模拟研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2015.
[13]姜体胜,孙艳伟,杨忠山,等.基于SWMM的不同降水量对城市降雨径流TSS的影响分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2011,9(5):55-58.
[14]彭彤,盛政,赵冬泉,等.基于GIS的城市排水防涝设施普查信息平台开发与应用[J].给水排水,2016,42(4):132-136.
[15] GUO J C Y,URBONAS B,MACKENZIE K. Water Quality Capture Volume for Storm Water BMP and LID Designs[J]. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2014,19(4):682-686.