发酵饲料对仔鸡肠道微生物群落多样性影响
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摘要
试验旨在研究发酵饲料对仔鸡十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠中微生物菌群结构和多样性的影响,分析发酵饲料对仔鸡生长和健康的作用机理。选取1日龄海兰褐蛋仔鸡360只,随机分为3个处理组,每组6个重复,三组分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+抗生素、基础日粮+发酵饲料,饲养56 d,采用Illumina MiSeq测序技术测定各组蛋仔鸡肠道微生物群落结构和分布。结果显示:Chao1指数和Shannon指数表明,非发酵饲料组中微生物丰度和多样性均显著高于发酵饲料组,各组十二指肠、空肠、回肠的菌群丰度和多样性均显著高于盲肠;饲喂发酵饲料能显著增加乳杆菌丰度,同时降低肠道中脱硫弧菌属、螺杆菌等致病菌的数目,也间接证明乳杆菌可以抑制脱硫弧菌增殖,预防肠道疾病;饲喂发酵饲料能增加厚壁菌门丰度,显著降低拟杆菌门/厚壁菌门的比例,促进仔鸡的生长。
In this paper, the effects of fermented feed on the constitute and diversity of intestinal flora, such as duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum were studied, and the mechanism of fermented feed on growth and health of broilers was clarified. Selected 360 one-day-age Hy-line brown egg chicken, randomly divided into 3 treatment groups,with 6 replicates per group, feeding to growth promoting factor, antibiotics and fermented feed. Effects of fermented feed on intestinal microbial community diversity in egg chicken were determined by Illumina MiSeq sequencing after 56 days feeding. The Chao1 index and the Shannon index showed that the microbial abundance and the micro-biodiversity in the control group was significantly higher than that in the experimental group. The abundance and diversity of the flora in ileum, Jejunum and duodenum were significantly higher than that in the cecum at different time points. Feeding fermented feed can significantly increase the abundance of lactobacillus and reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria such as DSV in the intestinal tract, which also indirectly proved that lactobacillus can inhibit the proliferation of DSV and prevent intestinal diseases. Feeding fermented feed could increase the abundance of Firmicutes, significantly decrease the proportion of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and promote the growth of broilers in the intestinal tract.
In this paper, the effects of fermented feed on the constitute and diversity of intestinal flora, such as duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum were studied, and the mechanism of fermented feed on growth and health of broilers was clarified. Selected 360 one-day-age Hy-line brown egg chicken, randomly divided into 3 treatment groups,with 6 replicates per group, feeding to growth promoting factor, antibiotics and fermented feed. Effects of fermented feed on intestinal microbial community diversity in egg chicken were determined by Illumina MiSeq sequencing after 56 days feeding. The Chao1 index and the Shannon index showed that the microbial abundance and the micro-biodiversity in the control group was significantly higher than that in the experimental group. The abundance and diversity of the flora in ileum, Jejunum and duodenum were significantly higher than that in the cecum at different time points. Feeding fermented feed can significantly increase the abundance of lactobacillus and reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria such as DSV in the intestinal tract, which also indirectly proved that lactobacillus can inhibit the proliferation of DSV and prevent intestinal diseases. Feeding fermented feed could increase the abundance of Firmicutes, significantly decrease the proportion of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and promote the growth of broilers in the intestinal tract.
引文
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[14]丁俊荣,张秋香,刘小鸣,等.江苏无锡健康与肠病人群肠道脱硫弧菌数量及肠道菌群多样性[J].微生物学报,2012,52(8):1033-1039.
[2]刘晨黎,高巍.鸡盲肠微生物微生态调控研究进展[J].中国家禽,2000,22(10):30-32.
[3]张李荣,杨海明,顾海洋,等.三种乳酸菌对蛋雏鸡盲肠微生物区系的影响[J].中国家禽,2018,40(13):26-31.
[4]刘莉扬,崔鸿飞,田埂.高通量测序技术在宏基因组学中的应用[J].中国医药生物技术,2013,8(3):196-200.
[5]朱文杰,张鑫磊,袁骁.一种宏基因组16 S rRNA的高通量测序数据处理及分析流程控制方法:CN105279391A[P].2016.
[6]宋旭红,王钰,李隆云,等.石柱黄连根腐病根际土壤细菌微生态研究[J].中国中药杂志,2017,42(7):1304-1311.
[7]陈力力,杨伊磊,青文哲,等.鸡蛋壳表面细菌数量及种群多样性分析[J].现代食品科技,2015(10):74-79.
[8]杜爽.基于16 S rRNA基因序列分析红耳龟和四眼斑水龟肠道微生物群落结构[D].海口:海南师范大学,2014.
[9]陈秀,张晓君,李沁元,等.454焦磷酸测序分析几种哺乳动物粪便细菌多样性[J].微生物学报,2015,55(6):683-690.
[10]CHAPLIN S B.Effect of cecectomy on water and nutrient absorption of birds[J].Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological Genetics&Physiology,2010,252(S3).
[11]张亚楠.蛋鸡肠道微生物菌群结构特征与产蛋水平关联性研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2016.
[12]刘洋,李敏,徐佩茹.肠道菌群与肥胖的关联性研究现状[J].临床儿科杂志,2011,29(5):496-498.
[13]郭秀兰.猪肠道硬壁菌门和拟杆菌门数量的检测及其相对丰度与脂肪沉积的相关性研究[D].成都:四川农业大学,2009.
[14]丁俊荣,张秋香,刘小鸣,等.江苏无锡健康与肠病人群肠道脱硫弧菌数量及肠道菌群多样性[J].微生物学报,2012,52(8):1033-1039.