冬小麦初生根与次生根形态、生理性状差异分析
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摘要
采用分根移位方法,以郑麦9023、郑麦004、周麦16号、洛旱2号、兰考矮早8和豫麦18号为试验材料,对初生根和次生根的形态及生理性状进行研究,以明确初生根和次生根的功能差异,为河南省小麦高产、优质、高效栽培提供理论依据。结果表明,随生育时期的推进,单株初生根数呈降低趋势,单株次生根数呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,单株初生根、次生根干质量均在灌浆中期达到峰值;初生根活力、全氮含量、可溶性糖含量及次生根全氮含量、可溶性糖含量均在返青期达到峰值,而次生根活力于拔节期达最大值。小麦初生根、次生根在形态及生理性状方面均具有显著差异。生育前期,初生根生长占优势,其根数和干质量均显著高于次生根,而次生根生理性状占优势,其根系活力、全氮含量、可溶性糖含量均显著高于初生根;生育中后期,主要以次生根生长为主,其根数和干质量均显著高于初生根,而初生根生理性状逐渐占优势,其全氮含量、可溶性糖含量均显著高于次生根,且初生根数与产量呈显著正相关。综合分析认为,不同生育阶段有针对性地调控二者的发育和功能,维持生育中后期初生根、次生根正常的生理功能,促进初生根与次生根的数量与质量协调发展是进一步增加产量的关键途径。
The morphological and physiological characteristics between seminal and nodal roots of winter wheat cultivars were studied with Zhengmai 9023,Zhengmai 004,Zhoumai No. 16,Luohan No. 2,Lankaoaizao 8 and Yumai No. 18 as test materials by root-guiding method,so as to clear the difference in development and function between seminal and nodal roots,provide theoretical basis for high-yield,highquality and high-efficiency wheat cultivation in Henan province. The results showed that with the progress of growth period,seminal roots number per plant of different wheat cultivars decreased,nodal roots number per plant first increased and then decreased,whereas seminal and nodal roots dry weight per plant reached peak at the middle of the grain filling; roots vigor,total nitrogen content,soluble sugars content of seminal roots and total nitrogen,soluble sugars contents of nodal roots reached the maximum at returning green stage,whereas nodal roots vigor reached the maximum at jointing stage. There were significant differencesbetween the morphological characteristics and physiological characteristics between seminal roots and nodal roots of different wheat cultivars. At the early stage,the seminal roots growth had advantage,amount and dry weight of seminal roots were significant higher than those of the nodal roots; whereas the physiological activity of nodal roots was higher than that of the seminal roots,the vigor,nitrogen content,soluble sugar content of the nodal roots were significant higher than those of the seminal roots. At the middle and later stage,the nodal roots growth had advantage,amount and dry weight of nodal roots were significant higher than those of the seminal roots; the physiological activity of seminal roots was higher than that of the nodal roots,total nitrogen soluble sugar contents of the seminal roots were significant higher than those of the nodal roots,the relationship between the seminal roots number per plant and yield was significant positive correlation. The results suggested that regulating the development and function of seminal and nodal roots at the different growing and development stages,maintaining normal physiological function of seminal and nodal roots at the middle and later stage,promoting the coordinated development of quantity and quality of seminal and nodal roots was a key way to further increase the yield.
The morphological and physiological characteristics between seminal and nodal roots of winter wheat cultivars were studied with Zhengmai 9023,Zhengmai 004,Zhoumai No. 16,Luohan No. 2,Lankaoaizao 8 and Yumai No. 18 as test materials by root-guiding method,so as to clear the difference in development and function between seminal and nodal roots,provide theoretical basis for high-yield,highquality and high-efficiency wheat cultivation in Henan province. The results showed that with the progress of growth period,seminal roots number per plant of different wheat cultivars decreased,nodal roots number per plant first increased and then decreased,whereas seminal and nodal roots dry weight per plant reached peak at the middle of the grain filling; roots vigor,total nitrogen content,soluble sugars content of seminal roots and total nitrogen,soluble sugars contents of nodal roots reached the maximum at returning green stage,whereas nodal roots vigor reached the maximum at jointing stage. There were significant differencesbetween the morphological characteristics and physiological characteristics between seminal roots and nodal roots of different wheat cultivars. At the early stage,the seminal roots growth had advantage,amount and dry weight of seminal roots were significant higher than those of the nodal roots; whereas the physiological activity of nodal roots was higher than that of the seminal roots,the vigor,nitrogen content,soluble sugar content of the nodal roots were significant higher than those of the seminal roots. At the middle and later stage,the nodal roots growth had advantage,amount and dry weight of nodal roots were significant higher than those of the seminal roots; the physiological activity of seminal roots was higher than that of the nodal roots,total nitrogen soluble sugar contents of the seminal roots were significant higher than those of the nodal roots,the relationship between the seminal roots number per plant and yield was significant positive correlation. The results suggested that regulating the development and function of seminal and nodal roots at the different growing and development stages,maintaining normal physiological function of seminal and nodal roots at the middle and later stage,promoting the coordinated development of quantity and quality of seminal and nodal roots was a key way to further increase the yield.
引文
[1]马元喜.小麦的根[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999.
[2]陈月琴,李正理.小麦种子根的发育解剖[J].植物学报,1989,31(11):824-828.
[3]茹天祥,曹瑞宗,常满仓,等.红土旱地冬小麦根系生长动态观测[J].干旱地区农业研究,1996,14(3):47-52.
[4]高式余,钱维朴.小麦次生根发生特性研究[J].河南职技师院学报,1990,18(1):42-48.
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[9]冯广龙,罗远培,杨培岭,等.土壤水分对冬小麦初生根和次生根生长发育的影响[J].华北农学报,1998,13(2):11-17.
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[11]Rich S M,Watt M.Soil conditions and cereal root system architecture:Review and considerations for linking darwin and Weaver[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2013,64(5):1193-1208.
[12]薛丽华,段俊杰,王志敏,等.冬小麦调亏灌溉下次生根和初生根对植株生长的影响[J].华北农学报,2010,25(3):87-91.
[13]王永华,王玉杰,冯伟,等.两种气候年型下不同栽培模式对冬小麦根系时空分布及产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(14):2826-2837.
[14]熊淑萍,吴克远,王小纯,等.不同氮效率基因型小麦根系吸收特性与氮素利用差异的分析[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(12):2267-2279.
[15]张慧芋,孙敏,高志强,等.耕作对旱地小麦根系生长及土壤水分利用的影响[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(12):1951-1956.
[16]刘镜波,王小林,张岁岐,等.有机肥与种植密度对旱作玉米根系生长及功能的影响[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(6):32-36,41.
[17]张瑞富,杨恒山,高聚林,等.深松对春玉米根系形态特征和生理特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(5):78-84.
[18]张静,王艳,王小波.不同磷水平下玉米自交系根系形态及吸收氮、钾差异研究[J].山西农业科学,2005,33(1):60-62.
[19]张庆玲,郭军玲,郭彩霞,等.不同种植密度条件下春玉米根系与地上部的相关性[J].山西农业科学,2014,42(5):448-451.
[20]李洪.不同密度处理下玉米单株根系体积的动态变化[J].山西农业科学,2010,38(9):20-22.
[21]罗守德,董竹蔚,罗坤.免耕秸秆覆盖对玉米根系的影响[J].山西农业科学,1993,21(1):14-18.
[22]付景,陈露,黄钻华,等.超级稻叶片光合特性和根系生理性状与产量的关系[J].作物学报,2012,38(7):1264-1276.
[23]李杰,张洪程,常勇,等.高产条件下种植方式对超级稻根系形态生理特征的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(12):2208-2220.
[24]王生轩,齐红志,尹海庆,等.播量、育秧基质对不同秧龄郑稻18号机插秧苗素质和产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(11):14-18.
[25]付景,王越涛,尹海庆,等.施氮量对沿黄粳稻根系形态、生理特性及产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(7):18-25.
[26]付景,王生轩,尹海庆,等.播量对直播稻郑旱10号产量及根系生理性状的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(8):22-26.
[27]Rostamza M,Richards R A,Watt M.Response of millet and sorghum to a varying water supply around the primary and nodal roots[J].Annals of Botany,2013,112(2):439-446.
[28]Ma J,Aloni R,Villordon A,et al.Adventitious root primordia formation and development in stem nodes of‘Georgia Jet’sweetpotato,Ipomoea batatas[J].American Journal of Botany,2015,102(7):1040-1049.
[29]宋欣欣,贺德先.小麦生育后期主茎和分蘖次生根对籽粒产量和品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2011,31(2):281-285.
[30]Nakhforoosh A,Grausgruber H,Kaul H P,et al.Wheat root diversity and root functional characterization[J].Plant and Soil,2014,380(1):211-229.
[31]秦娜,许为钢,齐学礼,等.干旱胁迫下郑麦7698的抗旱性能及光合特性分析[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(2):7-11.
[32]臧贺藏,贺德先.河南省主导小麦品种根系性状的聚类分析[J].河南农业科学,2009(5):24-28.
[33]臧贺藏,贺德先.黄淮麦区主栽小麦品种根系的生理特性比较[J].核农学报,2012,26(1):150-156.
[34]臧贺藏.河南主栽小麦品种根系性状聚类分析及初生根与次生根发育差异研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2009.
[35]薛丽华,谢小清,段丽娜,等.滴灌次数对冬小麦根系生长及时空分布的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(6):1-9.
[36]宋欣欣.小麦主茎和分蘖根系发育的差异及对籽粒产量和品质的贡献[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2011.
[37]薛丽华,王志敏,张英华.冬小麦幼苗期初生根生长的基因型差异[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(4):687-691.
[38]刘立军,王康君,卞金龙,等.水稻产量对氮肥响应的品种间差异及其与根系形态生理的关系[J].作物学报,2014,40(11):1999-2007.
[39]杨建昌.水稻根系形态生理与产量、品质形成及养分吸收利用的关系[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(1):36-46.
[40]李梦达,李向东,牛洪斌,等.小麦品种抗旱性与深根性和深层根系活性的关系[J].麦类作物学报,2017,37(5):666-672.
[41]马冬云,郭天财,朱云集,等.不同穗型冬小麦品种根系时空分布特征及其碳氮代谢的研究[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(4):778-783.
[2]陈月琴,李正理.小麦种子根的发育解剖[J].植物学报,1989,31(11):824-828.
[3]茹天祥,曹瑞宗,常满仓,等.红土旱地冬小麦根系生长动态观测[J].干旱地区农业研究,1996,14(3):47-52.
[4]高式余,钱维朴.小麦次生根发生特性研究[J].河南职技师院学报,1990,18(1):42-48.
[5]Carlos C,Lianne M D,Pierre D,et al.Morphology and fractal dimension of root systems of maize hybrids bearing the leafy trait[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,2003,81(7):706-710.
[6]Berry P M,Spink J H,Gay A P,et al.A comparison of root and stem lodging risks among winter wheat cultivars[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,2003,141(12):191-202.
[7]Fuleky G,Nooman H J,Tyerman S D,et al.Mapping QTLs and candidate genes for rice root traits under different watersupply conditions and comparative analysis across three populations[J].Theoretical&Applied Genetics,2003,107(8):689-695.
[8]蹇家利,马瑞昆,贾秀领,等.不同基因型小麦初生根和次生根生长及生理差异[J].华北农学报,1999,14(1):22-27.
[9]冯广龙,罗远培,杨培岭,等.土壤水分对冬小麦初生根和次生根生长发育的影响[J].华北农学报,1998,13(2):11-17.
[10]Comas L H,Becker S R,Cruz V M V,et al.Root traits contributing to plant productivity under drought[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2013,4:1-16.
[11]Rich S M,Watt M.Soil conditions and cereal root system architecture:Review and considerations for linking darwin and Weaver[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2013,64(5):1193-1208.
[12]薛丽华,段俊杰,王志敏,等.冬小麦调亏灌溉下次生根和初生根对植株生长的影响[J].华北农学报,2010,25(3):87-91.
[13]王永华,王玉杰,冯伟,等.两种气候年型下不同栽培模式对冬小麦根系时空分布及产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(14):2826-2837.
[14]熊淑萍,吴克远,王小纯,等.不同氮效率基因型小麦根系吸收特性与氮素利用差异的分析[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(12):2267-2279.
[15]张慧芋,孙敏,高志强,等.耕作对旱地小麦根系生长及土壤水分利用的影响[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(12):1951-1956.
[16]刘镜波,王小林,张岁岐,等.有机肥与种植密度对旱作玉米根系生长及功能的影响[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(6):32-36,41.
[17]张瑞富,杨恒山,高聚林,等.深松对春玉米根系形态特征和生理特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(5):78-84.
[18]张静,王艳,王小波.不同磷水平下玉米自交系根系形态及吸收氮、钾差异研究[J].山西农业科学,2005,33(1):60-62.
[19]张庆玲,郭军玲,郭彩霞,等.不同种植密度条件下春玉米根系与地上部的相关性[J].山西农业科学,2014,42(5):448-451.
[20]李洪.不同密度处理下玉米单株根系体积的动态变化[J].山西农业科学,2010,38(9):20-22.
[21]罗守德,董竹蔚,罗坤.免耕秸秆覆盖对玉米根系的影响[J].山西农业科学,1993,21(1):14-18.
[22]付景,陈露,黄钻华,等.超级稻叶片光合特性和根系生理性状与产量的关系[J].作物学报,2012,38(7):1264-1276.
[23]李杰,张洪程,常勇,等.高产条件下种植方式对超级稻根系形态生理特征的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(12):2208-2220.
[24]王生轩,齐红志,尹海庆,等.播量、育秧基质对不同秧龄郑稻18号机插秧苗素质和产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(11):14-18.
[25]付景,王越涛,尹海庆,等.施氮量对沿黄粳稻根系形态、生理特性及产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(7):18-25.
[26]付景,王生轩,尹海庆,等.播量对直播稻郑旱10号产量及根系生理性状的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(8):22-26.
[27]Rostamza M,Richards R A,Watt M.Response of millet and sorghum to a varying water supply around the primary and nodal roots[J].Annals of Botany,2013,112(2):439-446.
[28]Ma J,Aloni R,Villordon A,et al.Adventitious root primordia formation and development in stem nodes of‘Georgia Jet’sweetpotato,Ipomoea batatas[J].American Journal of Botany,2015,102(7):1040-1049.
[29]宋欣欣,贺德先.小麦生育后期主茎和分蘖次生根对籽粒产量和品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2011,31(2):281-285.
[30]Nakhforoosh A,Grausgruber H,Kaul H P,et al.Wheat root diversity and root functional characterization[J].Plant and Soil,2014,380(1):211-229.
[31]秦娜,许为钢,齐学礼,等.干旱胁迫下郑麦7698的抗旱性能及光合特性分析[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(2):7-11.
[32]臧贺藏,贺德先.河南省主导小麦品种根系性状的聚类分析[J].河南农业科学,2009(5):24-28.
[33]臧贺藏,贺德先.黄淮麦区主栽小麦品种根系的生理特性比较[J].核农学报,2012,26(1):150-156.
[34]臧贺藏.河南主栽小麦品种根系性状聚类分析及初生根与次生根发育差异研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2009.
[35]薛丽华,谢小清,段丽娜,等.滴灌次数对冬小麦根系生长及时空分布的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(6):1-9.
[36]宋欣欣.小麦主茎和分蘖根系发育的差异及对籽粒产量和品质的贡献[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2011.
[37]薛丽华,王志敏,张英华.冬小麦幼苗期初生根生长的基因型差异[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(4):687-691.
[38]刘立军,王康君,卞金龙,等.水稻产量对氮肥响应的品种间差异及其与根系形态生理的关系[J].作物学报,2014,40(11):1999-2007.
[39]杨建昌.水稻根系形态生理与产量、品质形成及养分吸收利用的关系[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(1):36-46.
[40]李梦达,李向东,牛洪斌,等.小麦品种抗旱性与深根性和深层根系活性的关系[J].麦类作物学报,2017,37(5):666-672.
[41]马冬云,郭天财,朱云集,等.不同穗型冬小麦品种根系时空分布特征及其碳氮代谢的研究[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(4):778-783.