大凌河与辽河入海口沉积物黏土矿物组成研究
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摘要
采用X射线物相分析,对大凌河和辽河13个表层沉积物样品和4个柱状样中168个现代沉积物样品的主要黏土矿物含量组成进行分析。研究结果表明:大凌河沉积物黏土矿物组合为蒙脱石-伊利石-高岭石-绿泥石,辽河沉积物黏土矿物组合为伊利石-蒙脱石-绿泥石-高岭石。大凌河沉积物中蒙脱石与伊利石百分含量比值多大于1,而辽河沉积物该比值都小于1,且通过ISKc端元图能较清晰地区分两类沉积物,黏土矿物可以作为两条河流沉积物的判别标志。大凌河流域和辽河流域均以物理风化为主,辽河流域物理风化略强。流域内地质背景和气候条件等因素的差异造成了两条河流沉积物黏土矿物组成的不同。
The clay minerals of 13 surface sediments and 168 modern sediments of 4 sediment cores in Daling River and Liaohe River were analyzed with the X-ray diffraction method. The results show that smectite-illite-kaolinite-chlorite is the main clay mineral assemblage of Daling River sediments, while the main assemblage of Liaohe River is illite-smectite-chlorite-kaolinite. The most ratios of smectite content to illite content of Daling River are greater than 1, while the ratio values of Liaohe River are less than 1. It is clear that the two river sediments are distinguished by the triangular map with end members of illite, smectite, and kaolinite+chlorite(ISKc). Clay minerals can be used as a discriminative index of the two river sediments. The results reveal similar degrees of physical weathering in Daling River Basin and Liaohe River Basin, and a slight intensity in Liaohe River Basin. The geological background and climatic conditions in the basins result in the difference in the composition of clay minerals in the sediments of the Daling River and Liaohe River.
The clay minerals of 13 surface sediments and 168 modern sediments of 4 sediment cores in Daling River and Liaohe River were analyzed with the X-ray diffraction method. The results show that smectite-illite-kaolinite-chlorite is the main clay mineral assemblage of Daling River sediments, while the main assemblage of Liaohe River is illite-smectite-chlorite-kaolinite. The most ratios of smectite content to illite content of Daling River are greater than 1, while the ratio values of Liaohe River are less than 1. It is clear that the two river sediments are distinguished by the triangular map with end members of illite, smectite, and kaolinite+chlorite(ISKc). Clay minerals can be used as a discriminative index of the two river sediments. The results reveal similar degrees of physical weathering in Daling River Basin and Liaohe River Basin, and a slight intensity in Liaohe River Basin. The geological background and climatic conditions in the basins result in the difference in the composition of clay minerals in the sediments of the Daling River and Liaohe River.
引文
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[3] 孙白云. 黄河、长江和珠江三角洲沉积物中碎屑矿物的组合特征[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 1990, 10(3): 23-34. Sun Baiyun. Detrital mineral assemblages in the Huanghe, Changjiang and Zhujiang River delta sediments[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 1990, 10(3): 23-34.
[4] 杨守业, 李从先. 长江与黄河沉积物元素组成及地质背景[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 1999, 19(2): 19-26. Yang Shouye, Li Congxian. Characteristic element compositions of the Yangtze and the Yellow River sediments and their geological background[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 1999, 19(2): 19-26.
[5] 范德江, 杨作升, 毛登, 等. 长江与黄河沉积物中黏土矿物及地化成分的组成[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2001, 21(4): 7-12. Fan Dejiang, Yang Zuosheng, Mao Deng, et al. Clay minerals and geochemistry of the sediments from the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2001, 21(4): 7-12.
[6] 何梦颖. 长江河流沉积物矿物学、地球化学和碎屑锆石年代学物源示踪研究[D]. 南京: 南京大学, 2014: 69-88. He Mengying. The provenance study on the Yangtze River sediments, based on mineralogy, geochemistry and detrital zircon dating[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University, 2014: 69-88.
[7] Milliman J D, Syvitski J P M. Geomorphic/tectonic control of sediment discharge to the ocean: the importance of small mountainous rivers[J]. The Journal of Geology, 1992, 100(5): 525-544.
[8] Liu J P, Liu C S, Xu K H, et al. Flux and fate of small mountainous rivers derived sediments into the Taiwan Strait[J]. Marine Geology, 2008, 256(1/4): 65-76.
[9] 金秉福, 宫立新, 宋键. 大沽河泥沙来源的重矿物分析及其环境意义[J]. 海洋科学, 2010, 34(10): 71-76. Jin Bingfu, Gong Lixin, Song Jian. Heavy mineral analysis in the sediment originated from the Daguhe River and its environmental significance[J]. Marine Sciences, 2010, 34(10): 71-76.
[10] 程岩, 刘月, 李富祥, 等. 鸭绿江口及邻近浅海碎屑矿物特征与物源辨识[J]. 地理研究, 2010, 29(11): 1950-1960. Cheng Yan, Liu Yue, Li Fuxiang, et al. Detrital mineral characteristics and material source identification in surface sediments of Yalu River estuary and adjacent waters[J]. Geographical Research, 2010, 29(11): 1950-1960.
[11] 杨雅秀, 张乃娴, 苏昭冰, 等. 中国黏土矿物[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1994: 1-19. Yang Yaxiu, Zhang Naixian, Su Zhaobing, et al. Clay Minerals of China[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1994: 1-19.
[12] 艾丽娜, 韩宗珠, 王双, 等. 渤黄海表层沉积物黏土矿物组成及分布特征对物源的指示意义[J]. 海洋湖沼通报, 2016, 43(5): 60-68. Ai Lina, Han Zongzhu, Wang Shuang, et al. Composition and distribution of clay minerals in surface sediments of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea and their implications to provenance[J]. Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology, 2016, 43(5): 60-68.
[13] Liu Zhifei, Colin C, Huang Wei, et al. Climatic and tectonic controls on weathering in south China and Indochina Peninsula: clay mineralogical and geochemical investigations from the Pearl, Red, and Mekong drainage basins[J]. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2007, 8(5): Q05005.
[14] 万世明, 李安春, 胥可辉, 等. 南海北部中新世以来黏土矿物特征及东亚古季风记录[J]. 地球科学:中国地质大学学报, 2008, 33(3): 289-300. Wan Shiming, Li Anchun, Xu Kehui, et al. Characteristics of clay minerals in the northern South China Sea and its implications for evolution of East Asian Monsoon since Miocene[J]. Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2008, 33(3): 289-300.
[15] 韩宗珠, 张军强, 邹昊, 等. 渤海湾北部底质沉积物中黏土矿物组成与物源研究[J]. 中国海洋大学学报, 2011, 41(11): 95-102. Han Zongzhu, Zhang Junqiang, Zou Hao, et al. Characteristics and provenance of clay mineral assemblage of sediments from the northern part of the Bohai Sea[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 2011, 41(11): 95-102.
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[18] 《中国河湖大典》编纂委员会. 中国河湖大典—黑龙江、辽河卷[M]. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2014: 220-289. China River and Lake Codification Committee. Encyclopedia of Rivers and Lakes in China: Section of Heilong River and Liaohe River basins[M]. Beijing: China Water & Power Press, 2014: 220-289.
[19] Peel M C, Finlayson B L, McMahon T A. Updated world map of the K?ppen-Geiger climate classification[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2007, 11(5): 1633-1644.
[20] 马丽芳, 乔秀夫, 闵隆瑞, 等. 中国地质图集[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2002: 125-172. Ma Lifang, Qiao Xiufu, Min Longrui, et al. Geological Atlas of China[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2002: 125-172.
[21] 汪品先, 顾尚勇. 下辽河平原的第四纪海进[C]//海洋微体古生物论文集. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1980: 130-139. Wang Pinxian, Gu Shangyong. Quarternary transgressions in the lower Liaohe River plain[C]//Marine Micropaleontology Papers. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 1980: 130-139.
[22] 符文侠. 下辽河平原和辽东半岛海岸带晚更新世以来的海侵[J]. 地理研究, 1988, 7(2): 73-80. Fu Wenxia. A study of the transgression process since late Pleistocene on the coast zone of lower Liaohe River plain and the Liaodong Peninsula[J]. Geographical Research, 1988, 7(2): 73-80.
[23] 何磊, 薛春汀, 叶思源, 等. 大凌河河口地区晚更新世晚期以来的沉积环境演化[J]. 海洋学报, 2016, 38(5): 108-123. He Lei, Xue Chunting, Ye Siyuan, et al. Sedimentary environmental evolution of the Dalinghe Estuary area since the Late Pleistocene[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2016, 38(5): 108-123.
[24] 林汀水. 辽东湾海岸线的变迁[J]. 中国历史地理论丛, 1991(2): 1-13. Lin Tingshui. Coastline change in the Liaodong Bay[J]. Collections of Essays on Chinese Historical Geography, 1991(2): 1-13.
[25] 谌艳珍, 方国智, 倪金, 等. 辽河口海岸线近百年来的变迁[J]. 海洋学研究, 2010, 28(2): 14-21. Chen Yanzhen, Fang Guozhi, Ni Jin, et al. Research on century’s changes of coastlines of Liaohe Estuary[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2010, 28(2): 14-21.
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