多波束相干海底成像技术
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摘要
为使多波束测深系统获得高质量的海底地貌图像,研究一种基于多波束相干原理的成像方法.在分析多波束相干算法估计海底回波到达时间(time of arrival,TOA)与到达方向(direction of arrival,DOA)原理的基础上,结合水声环境与声呐系统参数对各检测点对应的反向散射强度和地理位置信息进行估计,并从相干信号的幅度、相关性以及频谱三方面对受噪声影响的相位差数据进行质量控制,实现了反向散射强度和空间位置信息的准确融合.试验数据的处理结果验证了该方法能有效抑制噪声对相位差序列的干扰并且所获声呐图像具有较好的空间分辨率.
In order to obtain high-quality images of the seafloor geomorphology by using multibeam echo sounder,this paper researches the imaging method based on a multibeam interferometric principle.A multibeam interferometric algorithm was analyzed to estimate the Time of Arrival(TOA) and Direction of Arrival(DOA) of the seafloor echo.Using the TOA and DOA values and the parameters of underwater acoustic environment and sonar system,the backscattering strengths and their ecological locations corresponding to seafloor detection points were estimated.As a result,the three aspects of the coherent signals,namely the amplitude,correlation and spectrum,were applied in quality control of the phase difference sequence affected by noise.This imaging method could achieve accurate fusion of backscattering strengths and their ecological locations on the spatial position.The processing results of the experiment data show that this method can effectively suppress noise disturbance to phase difference sequence.Also the sonar images have relatively good spatial resolution.
In order to obtain high-quality images of the seafloor geomorphology by using multibeam echo sounder,this paper researches the imaging method based on a multibeam interferometric principle.A multibeam interferometric algorithm was analyzed to estimate the Time of Arrival(TOA) and Direction of Arrival(DOA) of the seafloor echo.Using the TOA and DOA values and the parameters of underwater acoustic environment and sonar system,the backscattering strengths and their ecological locations corresponding to seafloor detection points were estimated.As a result,the three aspects of the coherent signals,namely the amplitude,correlation and spectrum,were applied in quality control of the phase difference sequence affected by noise.This imaging method could achieve accurate fusion of backscattering strengths and their ecological locations on the spatial position.The processing results of the experiment data show that this method can effectively suppress noise disturbance to phase difference sequence.Also the sonar images have relatively good spatial resolution.
引文
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[12]魏玉阔.多波束测深假象消除与动态空间归位技术[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2011:40-45.WEI Yukuo.Technique of bathymetric artifact elimination and seafloor footprint positioning for multibeam bathymetry[D].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University,2011:40-45.
[13]MITCHELL N C.Processing and analysis of simrad multibeam sonar data[J].Marine Geophysical Researches,1996,18(6):729-739.
[14]李海森,陈宝伟,周天,等.一种噪声环境中的多波束相位差估计新方法[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2011,32(5):632-636.LI Haisen,CHEN Baowei,ZHOU Tian,et al.A new approach to multibeam phase difference estimation in noise circumstances[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2011,32(5):632-636.
[15]刘国祥.利用雷达干涉技术检测区域地表形变[M].北京:测绘出版社,2006:32-35.
[16]YAO Bin,ZHANG Yile,LI Haisen,et al.Estimation of multibeam phase difference using variable bandwidth filter[C]//Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation.Harbin,China,2010:1177-1181.
[17]LLORT-PUJOL G.Improvement of the spatial resolution for multibeam echosounders[D].Brest:GET-ENST Bretagne,2007:126-128.
[2]张毅乐,李海森,么彬,等.基于相干原理的多波束测深新算法[J].海洋测绘,2010,30(6):8-11.ZHANG Yile,LI Haisen,YAO Bin,et al.A new approach for multibeam echo sounding based on interferometric principle[J].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting,2010,30(6):8-11.
[3]LOCKHART D,SAADE E,WILSON J.New developments in multi-beam backscatter data collection and processing[J].Marine Technology Society Journal,2001,35(4):46-50.
[4]PARNUM IM,Benthic habitat mapping using multibeam sonar system[D].Bentley:Curtin University of Technology,2007:32-44,101-107.
[5]LEBAS T P,HUVENNE V A I.Acquisition and processing of backscatter data for habitat mapping-Comparison of multibeam and sidescan systems[J].Applied Acoustics,2009,70(10):1248-1257.
[6]刘晓,李海森,周天,等.基于多子阵检测法的多波束海底成像技术[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2012,33(2):1-6.LIU Xiao,LI Haisen,ZHOU Tian,et al.Multibeam seafloor imaging technology based on the multiple sub-array detection method[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2012,33(2):1-6.
[7]LLORT-PUJOL G,SINTES C,LURTON X.Improving spatial resolution of intererometric bathymetry in multibeam echosounders[C]//Acoustics 08.Paris,France,2008:6527-6532.
[8]LLORT-PUJOL G,SINTES C,CHONAVEL T,et al,Advanced interferometric techniques for high-resolution bathymetry[J].Marine Technology Society Journal,2012,46(2):9-31.
[9]田坦.水下定位与导航技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007:136-138.
[10]ZHANG Yile,LI Haisen,ZHOU Tian.An improved method for unwrapping phase difference in bathymetry[C]//Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation.Harbin,China,2010:1071-1075.
[11]LLORT-PUJOL G,SINTES C,GUERIOT D.Analysis of vernier interferometers for sonar bathymetry[C]//OCEANS'08.Quebec City,Canada,2008:1-5.
[12]魏玉阔.多波束测深假象消除与动态空间归位技术[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2011:40-45.WEI Yukuo.Technique of bathymetric artifact elimination and seafloor footprint positioning for multibeam bathymetry[D].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University,2011:40-45.
[13]MITCHELL N C.Processing and analysis of simrad multibeam sonar data[J].Marine Geophysical Researches,1996,18(6):729-739.
[14]李海森,陈宝伟,周天,等.一种噪声环境中的多波束相位差估计新方法[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2011,32(5):632-636.LI Haisen,CHEN Baowei,ZHOU Tian,et al.A new approach to multibeam phase difference estimation in noise circumstances[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2011,32(5):632-636.
[15]刘国祥.利用雷达干涉技术检测区域地表形变[M].北京:测绘出版社,2006:32-35.
[16]YAO Bin,ZHANG Yile,LI Haisen,et al.Estimation of multibeam phase difference using variable bandwidth filter[C]//Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation.Harbin,China,2010:1177-1181.
[17]LLORT-PUJOL G.Improvement of the spatial resolution for multibeam echosounders[D].Brest:GET-ENST Bretagne,2007:126-128.