近场散射体对阵列超分辨波达方向估计性能的影响和补偿方法
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摘要
测定电波到达方向(DOA)是无线电定位系统的基本任务之一,先进的阵列超分辨测向技术获得广泛关注。在船载和机载等平台应用中,阵列天线由于受安装空间所限,其旁边存在散射体,这时阵列接收到的信号既包括远场目标信号又有近场散射体散射出多径信号。本文分析了这种近场散射信号对DOA估计性能的影响,即散射信号会在DOA谱上多形成一个干扰性质的谱峰,并且若散射信号来波方向靠近直达波来波方向时,会造成模糊现象。最后文章在多重信号分类算法(MUSIC)的基础上提出一种补偿方法,能够很好的抑制散射信号所造成的这种影响,实验仿真结果验证该算法的有效性。
Direction of arrival( DOA) estimation of radio waves is one of the basic tasks in radio source location systems,where array super-resolution technologies are widely applied. In the ship-borne and airborne applications,there are many near-field scatterers nearby,due to the space limitations. Thus,the received signal includes both the desired components from the far-field sources and the coherent interferences from the near-field scatterers. This paper analyzed the effects of the near-field scattering on the DOA estimation. It is shown that the estimated angular spectrum could be dramatically degraded,even totally ruined by the near-field scattering. The spatial smoothing approach,a popular approach to handle coherent sources,was also shown to be inappropriate to the near-field scattering. This paper proposes a new approach that treats the near-field scatterers as a part of the receive antenna. The simulation results,using the Multiple Signal Classification( MUSIC) as an example algorithm of DOA estimation,illustrated that the new approach works perfectly in the presence of nearfield scattering without other extra operations such as spatial smoothing.
Direction of arrival( DOA) estimation of radio waves is one of the basic tasks in radio source location systems,where array super-resolution technologies are widely applied. In the ship-borne and airborne applications,there are many near-field scatterers nearby,due to the space limitations. Thus,the received signal includes both the desired components from the far-field sources and the coherent interferences from the near-field scatterers. This paper analyzed the effects of the near-field scattering on the DOA estimation. It is shown that the estimated angular spectrum could be dramatically degraded,even totally ruined by the near-field scattering. The spatial smoothing approach,a popular approach to handle coherent sources,was also shown to be inappropriate to the near-field scattering. This paper proposes a new approach that treats the near-field scatterers as a part of the receive antenna. The simulation results,using the Multiple Signal Classification( MUSIC) as an example algorithm of DOA estimation,illustrated that the new approach works perfectly in the presence of nearfield scattering without other extra operations such as spatial smoothing.
引文
[1]Yufeng Zhang,Zhongfu Ye.Efficient method of DOA estimation for uncorrelated and coherent signals[J].IEEE Antennasand Wireless Propagation Letters,2008,7(6):799-802.
[2]Yiduo Guo,Yongshun Zhang,Ningning Tong.A new DOA estimation method for uncorrelated and coherent sources under nonstationary noise fields[C]∥Changsha:IEEE 8th International Conference on Application Specific Integrated Circuit,2009:987-990.
[3]匡开锋,徐友根,刘志文.共形阵列非圆信号波达方向估计算法[J].信号处理,2015,31(5):552-558.Kuang Kaifeng,Xu Yougen,Liu Zhiwen.Direction of Arrival Estimation for Noncircular Signals Using Conformal Array[J].Journal of Signal Processing,2015,31(5):552-558.(in Chinese)
[4]Goossens R,Rogier H.A Hybrid UCA-RARE Root-Music Approach for 2-D Direcition of Arrival Estimation in Uniform Circular Arrays in the Presence of Mutual Coupling[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2007,55(3):841-849.
[5]Abeida H,Delmas J P.MUSIC-like estimation of direction of arrival for noncircular sources[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2006,54(7):2678-2690.
[6]Lehman N H,Fishler E,Haimovich A M,et al.Evaluation of transmit diversity in MIMO-radar direction finding[J].IEEE Trans on Signal Processing,2007,55(5):2215-2225.
[7]Sellone F,Serra A.A novel mutual coupling compensation algorithm for uniform and linear array[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2007,55(2):560-573.
[8]Sadrieh N,Broumandan A,Lachapelle G.Doppler measurement characterization in multipath fading channels for GNSS applications[J].Journal of Navigation,2012,65(3):477-494.
[9]Xu Xu,Zhongfu Ye,Yufeng Zhang.DOA Estimation for Mixed Signals in the Presence of Mutual Coupling[J].IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing,2009,57(9):3523-3532.
[10]Zhenghui Gu,Gunawan E.A performance analysis of multipath direction finding with temporal smoothing[J].IEEE Signal Processing Letters,2003,10(7):200-203.
[11]侯青松,郭英,王步宏,等.阵列天线散射下的互耦校正[J].信号处理,2011,27(1):128-135.Hou Qingsong,Guo Ying,Wang Buhong,et al.Mutual Coupling Calibration of Array antenna in the Presence of Scattering[J].Signal Processing,2011,27(1):128-135.(in Chinese)
[12]张炎,胡昕炜,周世东,等.基于SAGE的近场信道参数估计方法[J].系统仿真学报,2011,23(9):1932-1936.Zhang Yan,Hu Xiwei,Zhou Shidong,et al.Channel Parameter Estimation Method in Near-field Radio Environment Using SAGE Algorithm[J].Journal of System Simulation,2011,23(9):1932-1936.(in Chinese)
[2]Yiduo Guo,Yongshun Zhang,Ningning Tong.A new DOA estimation method for uncorrelated and coherent sources under nonstationary noise fields[C]∥Changsha:IEEE 8th International Conference on Application Specific Integrated Circuit,2009:987-990.
[3]匡开锋,徐友根,刘志文.共形阵列非圆信号波达方向估计算法[J].信号处理,2015,31(5):552-558.Kuang Kaifeng,Xu Yougen,Liu Zhiwen.Direction of Arrival Estimation for Noncircular Signals Using Conformal Array[J].Journal of Signal Processing,2015,31(5):552-558.(in Chinese)
[4]Goossens R,Rogier H.A Hybrid UCA-RARE Root-Music Approach for 2-D Direcition of Arrival Estimation in Uniform Circular Arrays in the Presence of Mutual Coupling[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2007,55(3):841-849.
[5]Abeida H,Delmas J P.MUSIC-like estimation of direction of arrival for noncircular sources[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2006,54(7):2678-2690.
[6]Lehman N H,Fishler E,Haimovich A M,et al.Evaluation of transmit diversity in MIMO-radar direction finding[J].IEEE Trans on Signal Processing,2007,55(5):2215-2225.
[7]Sellone F,Serra A.A novel mutual coupling compensation algorithm for uniform and linear array[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2007,55(2):560-573.
[8]Sadrieh N,Broumandan A,Lachapelle G.Doppler measurement characterization in multipath fading channels for GNSS applications[J].Journal of Navigation,2012,65(3):477-494.
[9]Xu Xu,Zhongfu Ye,Yufeng Zhang.DOA Estimation for Mixed Signals in the Presence of Mutual Coupling[J].IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing,2009,57(9):3523-3532.
[10]Zhenghui Gu,Gunawan E.A performance analysis of multipath direction finding with temporal smoothing[J].IEEE Signal Processing Letters,2003,10(7):200-203.
[11]侯青松,郭英,王步宏,等.阵列天线散射下的互耦校正[J].信号处理,2011,27(1):128-135.Hou Qingsong,Guo Ying,Wang Buhong,et al.Mutual Coupling Calibration of Array antenna in the Presence of Scattering[J].Signal Processing,2011,27(1):128-135.(in Chinese)
[12]张炎,胡昕炜,周世东,等.基于SAGE的近场信道参数估计方法[J].系统仿真学报,2011,23(9):1932-1936.Zhang Yan,Hu Xiwei,Zhou Shidong,et al.Channel Parameter Estimation Method in Near-field Radio Environment Using SAGE Algorithm[J].Journal of System Simulation,2011,23(9):1932-1936.(in Chinese)