大型加氢空冷器翅片管束的泄漏检测与定位
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摘要
针对在役高压加氢空冷器翅片管束的特点,提出了基于超声波原理和无线传感器网络技术的泄漏检测与定位方法,实现了对翅片管束泄漏的实时监测与定位。研究了管束外包翅片对检测精度的影响以及检测距离与信号强度之间的关系,在实验研究的基础上通过理论分析确定了超声波最佳检测距离。基于布尔感知模型,实现了对大型空冷器泄漏检测区域的全面覆盖。采用ARM处理器开发了传感器节点,开发了基于快速傅里叶变换(FFT)的泄漏信号处理算法,提升了泄漏检测精度和速度。提出了基于声强的初步定位、到达时间差(TDOA)距离检测算法以及基于几何关系的精确定位3种定位算法,实现了基于初步定位和精确定位相结合的泄漏位置确定。进行了噪声干扰下的泄漏检测与定位实验,实验结果表明对泄漏点定位的误差可以控制在5 cm之内,系统降噪能力强。
For the characteristics of finned tube with high pressure hydrogenation air cooler,a leakage detection and position method based on ultrasonic detection principle and wireless sensor networks is proposed. The real-time monitoring of finned tube and the location of the leakage can be realized. The influence of fin on the detection accuracy and the relationship between detection distance and detection signal intensity are studied. Based on the experimental study,the optimal detection distance of the ultrasonic wave is determined by theoretical analysis. By utilizing the Boolean sensing model,the detected scope can be extended to cover all region of the high pressure hydrogenation air cooler. The sensor node is developed by using ARM processor,and a signal processing algorithm based on FFT is studied to deal with the leakage signals to improve the accuracy and speed of leakage detection. Three algorithms are proposed to determine the leakage location,which are the initial positioning method based on the sound intensity,the TDOA distance detection algorithm and the precise geometric relation method. The location of leakage is determined by a combination method of initial and precise positioning. Experiments of leakage detection and location with noise interference are carried out. The results show that the positioning error of detection can be controlled within 5 cm and the noise can be restrained at some degree.
For the characteristics of finned tube with high pressure hydrogenation air cooler,a leakage detection and position method based on ultrasonic detection principle and wireless sensor networks is proposed. The real-time monitoring of finned tube and the location of the leakage can be realized. The influence of fin on the detection accuracy and the relationship between detection distance and detection signal intensity are studied. Based on the experimental study,the optimal detection distance of the ultrasonic wave is determined by theoretical analysis. By utilizing the Boolean sensing model,the detected scope can be extended to cover all region of the high pressure hydrogenation air cooler. The sensor node is developed by using ARM processor,and a signal processing algorithm based on FFT is studied to deal with the leakage signals to improve the accuracy and speed of leakage detection. Three algorithms are proposed to determine the leakage location,which are the initial positioning method based on the sound intensity,the TDOA distance detection algorithm and the precise geometric relation method. The location of leakage is determined by a combination method of initial and precise positioning. Experiments of leakage detection and location with noise interference are carried out. The results show that the positioning error of detection can be controlled within 5 cm and the noise can be restrained at some degree.
引文
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[2]李健,陈世利,黄新敬,等.长输油气管道泄漏监测与准实时检测技术综述[J].仪器仪表学报,2016,37(8):1747-1760.LI J,CHEN SH L,HUANG X J,et al.Review of leakage monitoring and quasi real-time detection technologies for long gas&oil pipelines[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2016,37(8):1747-1760.
[3]SHELT T,BALA A,SHAKS E.Wireless sensor networks for leak detection in pipelines:A survey[J].Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing,2016,7(3):347-356.
[4]DATTA S,SARKAR S.A review on different pipeline fault detection methods[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2016,41(3):97-106.
[5]黄学斌.红外热像检测技术在承压设备检验中的应用[J].石油化工设备,2014,43(4):76-82.HUANG X B.Application of infrared thermography detection technique in pressure equipment inspection[J].Petro Chemical Equipment,2014,43(4):76-82.
[6]叶迎春,张来斌,王金江.输气管道泄漏声源特性及其变化规律[J].天然气工业,2016,36(8):124-131.YE Y CH,ZHANG L B,WANG J J.Characteristics and variation rules of acoustic source of gas pipeline leaks[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(8):124-131.
[7]ZHANG R Z,WANG T,ZHAO L.Thermography autofocus applied in air leak location[C].International Conference on Fluid Power and Mechatronics,2011:196-201.
[8]吴立甲.基于超声波检测的声源定位研究[D].秦皇岛:河北工业大学,2011.WU L J.The research of sound source localization based on detection ultrasonic[D].Qinhuangdao:Hebei University of Technology,2011.
[9]王涛,王东颖,范伟.气体泄漏检测新方法的研究进展[J].液压与气动,2015,10(1):1-11.WANG T,WANG D Y,FAN W.The research progress of new gas leak detection method[J].Chinese Hydraulics&Pneumatics,2015,10(1):1-11.
[10]彭宇,王丹.无线传感器网络定位技术综述[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2011,25(5):389-399.PENG Y,WANG D.A review:wireless sensor networks localization[J].Journal of Electronic Measurement&Instrument,2011,25(5):389-399.
[11]杨东芳,李娜.无线传感网随机空置和链路能量联合优化路由[J].计算机工程与设计,2017,38(6):1464-1467.YANG D F,LI N.Wireless sensor network route based on random vacancy and link energy joint optimization[J].Computer Engineering and Design,2017,38(6):1464-1467.
[12]惠芳,张海宁.动态车辆称重系统的算法研究[J].国外电子测量技术,2017,36(7):52-54.ZHANG H F,ZHANG H N.Research on the algorithm of dynamic vehicle weighing system[J].Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology,2017,36(7):52-54.
[13]温宗周,刘垚,段俊瑞,等.基于DSP的LFMCW雷达信号处理技术研究[J].电子测量技术,2016,39(5):101-104.WEN Z ZH,LIU Y,DUAN J R,et al.Research on LFMCW radar signal processing technology based on DSP[J].Electronic Measurement Technology,2016,39(5):101-104.
[14]王伟华.超声波在介质中传播的能量损失研究[J].科技创新导报,2015,29(2):116-117.WANG W H.Study on energy loss of ultrasonic propagation in medium[J].Science and Technology Innovation Herald,2015,29(2):116-117.
[15]张海澜.理论声学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012:75-143.ZHANG H L.Theoretical acoustics[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2012:75-143.
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[17]JUNG S Y,HANN S,PARK C S.TDOA-based optical wireless indoor localization using LED ceiling lamps[J].IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,2012,57(4):1592-1597.
[18]方文浩,邢占元,文祥计,等.基于智能手机TDOA估计的被动声源定位方法与系统实现[J].仪器仪表学报,2016,37(4):952-960.FANG W H,XING ZH Y,WEN X J,et al.Passive acoustic source target positioning method based on smart phone platform TDOA estimation and system implementation[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2016,37(4):952-960.
[19]张会新,陈德沅,彭晴晴,等.一种改进的TDOA无线传感器网络节点定位算法[J].传感技术学报,2015,28(3):412-415.ZHANG H X,CHEN D Y,PENG Q Q,et al.A revised TDOA wireless sensor network node location algorithm[J].Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2015,28(3):412-415.
[20]LE T K,ONO N.Closed-form and near closed-form solutions for TDOA-based joint source and sensor localization[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2017,65(5):1215-1219.
[21]孙云亭,蔡振江,程曼,等.多超声波传感器局部放电源定位方法的研究[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2016,30(3):416-422.SUN Y T,CAI ZH J,CHENG M,et al.Research on partial discharge source localization method of multiultrasonic-sensor[J].Journal of Electronic Measurement&Instrumentation,2016,30(3):416-422.
[22]赵娟,陈斌,李永战,等.复杂背景噪声下风机叶片裂纹故障声学特征提取方法[J].北京邮电大学学报,2017,40(5):117-122.ZHAO J,CHEN B,LI Y ZH,et al.Acoustical crack feature extraction of turbine blades under complex background noise[J].Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,2017,40(5):117-122.
[23]于华楠,杜瑶,马聪聪.电力系统信号与数据的压缩传感技术综述[J].仪器仪表学报,2017,38(8):1943-1953.YU H L,DU Y,MA C C.Survey of compressed sensing technology for signal and data of power system[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2017,38(8):1943-1953.
[24]裴钰.基于线型阵列式超声波气密性检测定位系统的研究[D].北京:北京理工大学,2015.PEI Y.Study on linear-array ultrasonic leak detection and location system[D].Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology,2015.