同轨双站宽带信号源位置点成像定位算法
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摘要
针对已知高度宽带信号源的无源定位问题,借鉴SAR成像原理和直接定位法思想,提出一种利用到达差时间(TDOA)和到达频率(FDOA)信息的位置点成像无源定位算法。采样时将观测时间划分为快时间和慢时间,在快时间域估计TDOA,慢时间域估计FDOA。首先分析了同轨双站构型下距离差走动,然后利用观测区域中心位置对观测时间内各脉冲TDOA进行校正,再通过二维傅里叶变换得到TDOA和FDOA,并将联合估计得到TDOA和FDOA通过几何关系映射得到目标位置。仿真实验表明了本文算法的有效性,且不需要进行信号分选和参数配对,适用于观测不可区分多目标辐射源定位问题,具有高精度和超分辨特性。
For the passive localization of wideband signal sources whose height is known,a novel method is proposed by using the ideas of synthetic aperature radar( SAR) imaging and the direct position determination( DPD) for reference with the information of time difference of arrival( TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival( FDOA). The observing time is divided into fast time and slow time in sampling. TDOA is required in the fast time domain,and FDOA is estimated in the slow time domain. Firstly,range difference of arrival( RDOA) walking for tandem bistatic stations is analyzed. Then,TDOA of the multiple pulses in the observing time is corrected by using the center of observing region. Finally joint TDOA and FDOA are estimated by applying 2-D Fourier transform and mapped the position of sources. The results of simulation prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Besides,the proposed algorithm is especially applicable for the observing unresolved multiple targets localization without the process of signal sorting and parameter pairing and maintains advantages in accuracy and resolution.
For the passive localization of wideband signal sources whose height is known,a novel method is proposed by using the ideas of synthetic aperature radar( SAR) imaging and the direct position determination( DPD) for reference with the information of time difference of arrival( TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival( FDOA). The observing time is divided into fast time and slow time in sampling. TDOA is required in the fast time domain,and FDOA is estimated in the slow time domain. Firstly,range difference of arrival( RDOA) walking for tandem bistatic stations is analyzed. Then,TDOA of the multiple pulses in the observing time is corrected by using the center of observing region. Finally joint TDOA and FDOA are estimated by applying 2-D Fourier transform and mapped the position of sources. The results of simulation prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Besides,the proposed algorithm is especially applicable for the observing unresolved multiple targets localization without the process of signal sorting and parameter pairing and maintains advantages in accuracy and resolution.
引文
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[16]CUMMING I G,WONG F H.Digital processing of synthetic aperture radar data:algorithms and implementation[M].Norwood,MA:Artech House,2005.
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[18]WILEY C A.Synthetic aperture radar[J].IEEE Transactions on AES,1985,21(3):440-443.
[19]汤子跃,张守融.双站合成孔径雷达系统原理[M].北京:科学技术出版社,2003.TANG Ziyue,ZHANG Shourong.Reference frame of bistatic synthetic aperture radar[M].Beijing:Science and Technology Press,2003.
[20]张贤达.现代信号处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.ZHANG Xianda.Modern signal processing[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2002.
[21]周鹏.弹载SAR多种工作模式的成像算法研究[D].西安:电子科技大学,2011.ZHOU Peng.Study on imaging algorithm for missile-borne SAR in multiple modes[D].Xi'an:Xidian University,2011.
[2]GUO H Z,DA Z F.Bi-iterative method for moving source localisation using TDOA and FDOA measurements[J].Electronics Letters,2015,51(1):8-10.
[3]张莉,王鼎,于宏毅.多校正源联合的TDOA/FDOA无源定位算法[J].现代雷达,2015,37(1):38-42.ZHANG Li,WANG Ding,YU Hongyi.Joint localization algorithm with multiple calibrators using TDOA and FDOA measurements[J].Modern Radar,2015,37(1):38-42.
[4]WEISS A J.Direct position determination of narrowband radio frequency transmitters[J].IEEE Signal Processing Letters,2004,11(5):513-516.
[5]AMAR A,WEISS A J.Advances in direct position determination[C]//Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop Proceedings.Barcelona,Spain:IEEE Press,2004:584-588.
[6]AMAR A,WEISS A J.Analysis of direct position determination approach in the presence of model errors[C]//IEEE/SP 13th Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing.Bordeaux,France:IEEE Press,2005:521-524.
[7]AMAR A,WEISS A J.Direct position determination of multiple radio signals[C]//IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing.[S.l.]:IEEE Press,2004:81-84.
[8]WEISS A J,AMAR A.Direct geolocation of stationary wideband radio signal based on time delays and Doppler shifts[C]//IEEE/SP 15th Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing.Cardiff:IEEE Press,2009:101-104.
[9]WEISS A J,AMAR A.Direct geolocation of wideband emitters based on delay and Doppler[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2011,59(6):2513-2521.
[10]POURHOMAYOUN M,FLOWLER M L.Sensor network distributed computation for direct position determination[C]//IEEE 7th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop(SAM).Hoboken,NJ:IEEE Press,2012:125-128.
[11]POURHOMAYOUN M,FOWLER M L.Distributed computation for direct position determination emitter location[J].IEEE Transaction on Aerospace and Electronic System,2014,50(4):2878-2889.
[12]张敏,郭福成,周一宇.基于单个长基线干涉仪的运动单站直接定位[J].航空学报,2013,34(2):378-386.ZHANG Min,GUO Fucheng,ZHOU Yiyu.A single moving observer direct position determination method using a long baseline interferometer[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2013,34(2):378-386.
[13]CEVHER V,DUARTE M F,BARANIUK R G.Distributed target localization via spatial sparsity[C]//16th European Signal Processing Conference.Lausanne,Switzerland:IEEE Press,2008:25-29.
[14]KE W,WANG T T,WU L N.Multi-target direct localization via approximate l0 norm minimization[J].Electronic letters,2012,48(23):1498-1500.
[15]POURHOMAYOUN M,FOWLER M L,WU N E.Spatial sparsity based emitter localization[C]//The 46th Annual Conference on information Sciences and Systems(CISS).Princeton,NJ:IEEE Press,2012:1-4.
[16]CUMMING I G,WONG F H.Digital processing of synthetic aperture radar data:algorithms and implementation[M].Norwood,MA:Artech House,2005.
[17]BROWN W M,PORCELLO L J.An introduction to synthetic aperture radar[J].IEEE Spectrum,1969,6(9):52-62.
[18]WILEY C A.Synthetic aperture radar[J].IEEE Transactions on AES,1985,21(3):440-443.
[19]汤子跃,张守融.双站合成孔径雷达系统原理[M].北京:科学技术出版社,2003.TANG Ziyue,ZHANG Shourong.Reference frame of bistatic synthetic aperture radar[M].Beijing:Science and Technology Press,2003.
[20]张贤达.现代信号处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.ZHANG Xianda.Modern signal processing[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2002.
[21]周鹏.弹载SAR多种工作模式的成像算法研究[D].西安:电子科技大学,2011.ZHOU Peng.Study on imaging algorithm for missile-borne SAR in multiple modes[D].Xi'an:Xidian University,2011.