通勤制约度对儿童陪伴出行决策过程的影响
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摘要
为了考察家庭通勤活动对儿童接送行为决策过程的内在影响机理,本文基于活动理论与时间地理学方法,应用昆明市居民出行日志调查的第一手数据,以家庭为分析单元,构建基于活动的二维时空出行链,剖析家庭中儿童陪伴出行的时空间特征及其典型接送模式;提出通勤制约度概念,量化家长通勤活动的时空间制约程度和相互影响程度,并建立结构方程模型.结果表明:当男女家长双方通勤制约度均衡时,相互制约影响强烈,家庭内部会优先选择制约度最小的接送模式,然后再根据家长与儿童出行路线的匹配程度来确定接送人员,接送工具决策处于整个决策过程的最末位.当男女家长双方通勤制约度不均衡时,家庭内部则优先选择通勤制约度低的家长接送儿童,再确定接送工具和接送模式,接送行为上升为家庭活动模式的优先考虑因素.
In order to study the internal mechanism of decision-making process for children escort behavior influenced by families' commuter activities. This paper takes families as a unit to build activities-based twodimensional space-time trip chain analysis tool by using the first-hand data of Kunming residents travel diary survey. It dissects spatial characteristics of children accompany travel and typical transfer mode, on the bases of activity theory and time geography. Commuter constraints degree is defined to qualify the degree of parents commuting activities' space constraints and interaction. A structural equation model is established.The result shows that when commute strength of both parents are equivalent which has a strong mutual restriction, they will choose the on-the way mode first and then determine transfer person, transfer mode is determined in the end. When parents commute constraints are uneven, escort become preferential consideration of family activities, and leisure parent will be chosen to shuttle children before transfer mode determined.
In order to study the internal mechanism of decision-making process for children escort behavior influenced by families' commuter activities. This paper takes families as a unit to build activities-based twodimensional space-time trip chain analysis tool by using the first-hand data of Kunming residents travel diary survey. It dissects spatial characteristics of children accompany travel and typical transfer mode, on the bases of activity theory and time geography. Commuter constraints degree is defined to qualify the degree of parents commuting activities' space constraints and interaction. A structural equation model is established.The result shows that when commute strength of both parents are equivalent which has a strong mutual restriction, they will choose the on-the way mode first and then determine transfer person, transfer mode is determined in the end. When parents commute constraints are uneven, escort become preferential consideration of family activities, and leisure parent will be chosen to shuttle children before transfer mode determined.
引文
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[2]J L Bowman,M E Ben-Akiva.Activity-based disaggregate travel demand model system with activity schedules[J].Transportation Research Part A,2000,35:1-28.
[3]John P Gliebe,Frank S Koppelman.A model of joint activity participation between household members[J].Transportation,2002,29:49-72.
[4]Sylvia Y He.Will you escort your child to school?The effect of spatial and temporal constraints of parental employment[J].Applied Geography.2013,42:116-123
[5]Vovsha P,Petersen E.Escorting children to school:statistical analysis and applied modeling approach[J].Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2005,131-140.
[6]Amith K Yarlagadda,Sivaramakrishnan Srinivasan.Modeling children's school travel mode and parental escort decisions[J].Transportation,2008,35:205-218.
[7]张蕊.儿童出行行为特征及其对交通政策的影响[M].中国建筑工业出版社.2012.[ZHANG R.The influence of characteristic of children activities on transport policy[M].China Architecture&Building Press,2012.]
[8]雷熙文.儿童出行对家庭成员出行行为的约束影响研究[D].北京建筑工程学院,2012.[LEI X W.Research on the children's travel constraining influences over family members'travel behavior[D].Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,2012.]
[9]侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟.结构方程模型及其应用[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2004.[HOU J T,WEN Z L,CHENG Z J.Structural equation modeling and its applications[M].Beijing:Education Science Press,2004.]