基于城市群的国家级新区区位选择
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摘要
作为推进区域社会经济与新型城镇化建设快速发展的重要途径,国家级新区建设是中国国土空间开发格局优化的重要实践;而开展国家级新区区位选择的研究,则是制定科学合理的区域发展格局的重要前提。考虑到城市群对于中国区域经济发展的引领作用及其对新区建设的基础支撑,以中国现有的23个大城市群为评价对象,构建了国家级新区区位选择的"发展战略导向+建设支撑条件(1+4)"评估框架和评价指标体系,综合分析国土空间开发格局优化的区位选择。研究结果表明:就新区建设支撑条件而言,长江三角洲、京津冀、珠江三角洲、成渝、山东半岛、辽东半岛,以及海峡西岸、武汉、江淮、中原、呼包鄂、哈大长等城市群地区支撑能力较优;而综合考虑国家区域开发战略导向及其建设支撑条件,长江三角洲、京津冀、珠江三角洲、成渝,以及辽东半岛、关中、海峡西岸、山东半岛、中原、兰白西、黔中等城市群综合区位最佳,且在基础条件最为优越的城市群可支撑建设1~2个不同功能的国家级新区。而相关评估结果同现有国家级新区分布格局基本吻合,则在一定程度上例证了国家级新区区位选择评估框架的合理性。
As an important way to promote the rapid development of regional economy, society and new kind of urbanization, the construction of national new areas is a crucial optimization practice of territorial spatial development patterns. The research on location accessibility of national new areas has become the important prerequisite of developing scientific and reasonable regional development patterns. Considering urban agglomerations' leading role for China's regional economic development and the fundamental support for the construction of new areas,this article took China's existing 23 urban agglomerations as the research object. The evaluation framework and index system of development strategy orientation plus construction supporting conditions(1+4) was built to assess the location accessibility of national new areas. The results show that urban agglomerations of Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing, Shandong Peninsula, Liaodong Peninsula, West Coast, Wuhan, Jianghuai, Central Plains, Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos, and Harbin-Daqing-Changchun are more capable in terms of the construction supporting conditions for national new areas. However, urban agglomerations of Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Pearl River Delta, ChengduChongqing, Liaodong Peninsula, Guanzhong, West Coast, Shandong Peninsula, Central Plains,Lanzhou-Baiyin-Xining, and Central Guizhou are the best location for national new areas in terms of both regional development strategy orientation and the fundamental supporting conditions. Furthermore, one or two national new areas with different functions can be built in urban agglomerations which have the best construction supporting conditions. The assessment result matches well with the distribution pattern of the existing national new areas, which indicates the reasonability of the evaluation framework and index system on location accessibility.
As an important way to promote the rapid development of regional economy, society and new kind of urbanization, the construction of national new areas is a crucial optimization practice of territorial spatial development patterns. The research on location accessibility of national new areas has become the important prerequisite of developing scientific and reasonable regional development patterns. Considering urban agglomerations' leading role for China's regional economic development and the fundamental support for the construction of new areas,this article took China's existing 23 urban agglomerations as the research object. The evaluation framework and index system of development strategy orientation plus construction supporting conditions(1+4) was built to assess the location accessibility of national new areas. The results show that urban agglomerations of Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing, Shandong Peninsula, Liaodong Peninsula, West Coast, Wuhan, Jianghuai, Central Plains, Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos, and Harbin-Daqing-Changchun are more capable in terms of the construction supporting conditions for national new areas. However, urban agglomerations of Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Pearl River Delta, ChengduChongqing, Liaodong Peninsula, Guanzhong, West Coast, Shandong Peninsula, Central Plains,Lanzhou-Baiyin-Xining, and Central Guizhou are the best location for national new areas in terms of both regional development strategy orientation and the fundamental supporting conditions. Furthermore, one or two national new areas with different functions can be built in urban agglomerations which have the best construction supporting conditions. The assessment result matches well with the distribution pattern of the existing national new areas, which indicates the reasonability of the evaluation framework and index system on location accessibility.
引文
[1]肖金成,欧阳慧.优化国土空间开发格局研究.经济学动态,2012,(5):18-23.[Xiao Jincheng,Ouyang Hui.Research on territorial space development pattern optimization.Economic Perspectives,2012,(5):18-23.]
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[7]陆大道.地理学的发展与区域开发研究.地理科学,1991,11(3):197-206.[Lu Dadao.Development of geography and regional development research.Scientia Geographica Sinica,1991,11(3):197-206.]
[8]贺灿飞,梁进社,张华.北京市外资制造企业的区位分析.地理学报,2005,60(1):122-130.[He Canfei,Liang Jinshe,Zhang Hua.Locational study of foreign enterprises in Beijing based on an Ordered Probit Model.Acta Geographica Sinica,2005,60(1):122-130.]
[9]张华,贺灿飞.区位通达性与在京外资企业的区位选择.地理研究,2007,26(5):984-994.[Zhang Hua,He Canfei.Locational accessibility and location of foreign enterprises in Beijing.Geographical Research,2007,26(5):984-994.]
[10]楚波,梁进社.基于OPM模型的北京制造业区位因子的影响分析.地理研究,2007,26(4):723-734.[Chu Bo,Liang Jinshe.Studies on the location factors impacts of manufacturing industry in Beijing with Ordered Probit Model.Geographical Research,2007,26(4):723-734.]
[11]刘作丽,贺灿飞.集聚经济、制度约束与汽车产业跨国公司在华功能区位.地理研究,2011,30(9):1606-1620.[Liu Zuoli,He Canfei.Agglomeration,institutions and the functional location of auto TNCs in China.Geographical Research,2011,30(9):1606-1620.]
[12]贺灿飞,傅蓉.外资银行在中国的区位选择.地理学报,2009,64(6):701-712.[He Canfei,Fu Rong.An empirical study on the locational choices of foreign banks in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64(6):701-712.]
[13]朱彦刚,贺灿飞.服务业外商直接投资研究综述.地理科学进展,2012,31(4):498-509.[Zhu Yangang,He Canfei.A literature review on FDI in the service industry.Process in Geography,2012,31(4):498-509.]
[14]刘作丽,贺灿飞.在华外商直接投资区位研究述评.地理科学进展,2009,28(6):952-961.[Liu Zuoli,He Canfei.A literature review on FDI location.Process in Geography,2009,28(6):952-961.]
[15]宋周莺,刘卫东.信息时代的企业区位研究.地理学报,2012,67(4):479-489.[Song Zhouying,Liu Weidong.The challenge of wide application of new information and communication technologies to traditional location theory.Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(4):479-489.]
[16]乐为,钟意.FDI对我国税收政策敏感性分析.国际贸易问题,2008,(12):103-109.[Le Wei,Zhong Yi.Sensitivity of FDI to the tax policy of China.Journal of International Trade,2008,(12):103-109.]
[17]郭建万,陶锋.集聚经济、环境规制与外商直接投资区位选择:基于新经济地理学视角的分析.产业经济研究,2009,(4):29-37.[Guo Jianwan,Tao Feng.Agglomeration effects,environmental regulation policy and foreign direct investment location choice:According to the new economic geography.Industrial Economics Research,2009,(4):29-37.]
[18]綦建红,李丽,杨丽.中国OFDI的区位选择:基于文化距离的门槛效应与检验.国际贸易问题,2012,(12):137-147.[Qi Jianhong,Li Li,Yang Li.Location choice of Chinese OFDI:Based on the threshold effect and test of cultural distance.Journal of International Trade,2012,(12):137-147.]
[19]刘成,王晓文.城市新区的区位布局与城市空间发展研究.吉林师范大学学报:自然科学版,2011,32(4):122-125.[Liu Cheng,Wang Xiaowen.Research on the location of new urban districts and urban spatial development.Journal of Jilin Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2011,32(4):122-125.]
[20]梁育填,樊杰,韩晓旭,等.重点开发区域产业集聚的机理分析:以广西梧州市为例.经济地理,2010,30(12):2023-2029.[Liang Yutian,Fan Jie,Han Xiaoxu,et al.Mechanism study of agglomeration of development prioritized region:A case study of Wuzhou city of Guangxi province.Economic Geography,2010,30(12):2023-2029.]
[21]陆大道.论区域的最佳结构与最佳发展:提出“点-轴系统”和“T”型结构以来的回顾与再分析.地理学报,2001,56(2):127-135.[Lu Dadao.An analysis of spatial structure and optimal regional development.Acta Geographica Sinica,2001,56(2):127-135.]
[22]方创琳,姚士谋,刘盛和,等.2010中国城市群发展报告.北京:科学出版社,2011:179-226.[Fang Chuanglin,Yao Shimou,Liu Shenghe,et al.Urban Agglomerations Development Report in China of 2010.Beijing:Science Press,2011:179-226.]
[23]国务院.全国主体功能区规划:构建高效、协调、可持续的国土空间开发格局.http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2011-06/08/content_1879180.htm,2014-02-15.[The State Council.National major function oriented zoning plan:Building efficient,coordinate and sustainable territorial development patterns.http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2011-06/08/content_1879180.htm,2014-02-15.]
[24]陆大道.关于我国区域发展战略与方针的若干问题.经济地理,2009,29(1):2-7.[Lu Dadao.The several issues regard to China's regional development strategy and approach.Economic Geography,2009,29(1):2-7.]
[25]樊杰.主体功能区战略与优化国土空间开发格局.中国科学院院刊,2013,28(2):193-206.[Fan Jie.The Strategy of major function oriented zoning and the optimization of territorial development patterns.Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013,28(2):193-206.]
[26]方创琳.中国城市群形成发育的政策影响过程与实施效果评价.地理科学,2012,32(3):257-264.[Fang Chuanglin.Policy implication process and prospect of Chinese urban agglomerations formation and development.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2012,32(3):257-264.]
[27]方创琳,宋吉涛,蔺雪芹,等.中国城市群可持续发展理论与实践.北京:科学出版社,2010:44-52.[Fang Chuanglin,Song Jitao,Lin Xueqin,et al.The Sustainable Development Theories and Practices of Urban Agglomerations in China.Beijing:Science Press,2010:44-52.]
[28]刘卫东,樊杰,周成虎,等.中国西部开发重点区域规划前期研究.北京:商务印书馆,2003:32-49.[Liu Weidong,Fan Jie,Zhou Chenghu,et al.Preliminary Study of Key Regional Development Planning in Western China.Beijing:The Commercial Press,2003:32-49.]
[29]方创琳.中国城市群形成发育的新格局及新趋向.地理科学,2011,31(9):1025-1034.[Fang Chuanglin.New structure and new trend of formation and development of urban agglomerations in China.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2011,31(9):1025-1034.]
[30]封志明,唐焰,杨艳昭,等.中国地形起伏度及其与人口分布的相关性.地理学报,2007,62(10):1073-1082.[Feng Zhiming,Tang Yan,Yang Yanzhao,et al.The relief degree of land surface in China and its correlation with population distribution.Acta Geographica Sinica,2007,62(10):1073-1082.]
[31]刘佳骏,董锁成,李泽红.中国水资源承载力综合评价研究.自然资源学报,2011,26(2):258-269.[Liu Jiajun,Dong Suocheng,Li Zehong.Comprehensive evaluation of China's water resources carrying capacity.Journal of Natural Resources,2011,26(2):258-269.]
[32]Feng Z M,Yang Y Z,Zhang D,et al.Natural environment suitability for human settlements in China based on GIS.Journal of Geographical Sciences,2009,16(4):437-446.
[33]方创琳,马海涛.新型城镇化背景下中国的新区建设与土地集约利用.中国土地科学,2013,27(7):4-9.[Fang Chuanglin,Ma Haitao.New city district development and intensive land use in the context of new-type urbanization.China Land Sciences,2013,27(7):4-9.]
[2]王佳宁,罗重谱.国家级新区管理体制与功能区实态及其战略取向.改革,2012,(3):21-36.[Wang Jianing,Luo Chongpu.Management system of national new areas and domain status and strategic tropism.Reform,2012,(3):21-36.]
[3]杨吾扬,梁进社.地域分工与区位优势.地理学报,1987,42(3):201-209.[Yang Wuyang,Liang Jinshe.Theories of territorial division and locational superiorities.Acta Geographica Sinica,1987,42(3):201-209.]
[4]梁进社.地理学的十四大原理.地理科学,2009,29(3):307-315.[Liang Jinshe.Fourteen principles in geography.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2009,29(3):307-315.]
[5]盛科荣,樊杰.自然资源与城市的区位:兼论大河发展轴的经济机理.地理科学,2011,31(12):1415-1422.[Sheng Kerong,Fan Jie.Natural resources and the location of city:An analysis on the economic mechanisms of big river development axis.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2011,31(12):1415-1422.]
[6]李国平.对外直接投资的区位选择与基本分析框架.北京大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2000,37(1):52-59.[Li Guoping.Location selection of foreign direct investment:Basic analytical framework and applied study.Journal of Peking University:Humanities and Social Sciences,2000,37(1):52-59.]
[7]陆大道.地理学的发展与区域开发研究.地理科学,1991,11(3):197-206.[Lu Dadao.Development of geography and regional development research.Scientia Geographica Sinica,1991,11(3):197-206.]
[8]贺灿飞,梁进社,张华.北京市外资制造企业的区位分析.地理学报,2005,60(1):122-130.[He Canfei,Liang Jinshe,Zhang Hua.Locational study of foreign enterprises in Beijing based on an Ordered Probit Model.Acta Geographica Sinica,2005,60(1):122-130.]
[9]张华,贺灿飞.区位通达性与在京外资企业的区位选择.地理研究,2007,26(5):984-994.[Zhang Hua,He Canfei.Locational accessibility and location of foreign enterprises in Beijing.Geographical Research,2007,26(5):984-994.]
[10]楚波,梁进社.基于OPM模型的北京制造业区位因子的影响分析.地理研究,2007,26(4):723-734.[Chu Bo,Liang Jinshe.Studies on the location factors impacts of manufacturing industry in Beijing with Ordered Probit Model.Geographical Research,2007,26(4):723-734.]
[11]刘作丽,贺灿飞.集聚经济、制度约束与汽车产业跨国公司在华功能区位.地理研究,2011,30(9):1606-1620.[Liu Zuoli,He Canfei.Agglomeration,institutions and the functional location of auto TNCs in China.Geographical Research,2011,30(9):1606-1620.]
[12]贺灿飞,傅蓉.外资银行在中国的区位选择.地理学报,2009,64(6):701-712.[He Canfei,Fu Rong.An empirical study on the locational choices of foreign banks in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64(6):701-712.]
[13]朱彦刚,贺灿飞.服务业外商直接投资研究综述.地理科学进展,2012,31(4):498-509.[Zhu Yangang,He Canfei.A literature review on FDI in the service industry.Process in Geography,2012,31(4):498-509.]
[14]刘作丽,贺灿飞.在华外商直接投资区位研究述评.地理科学进展,2009,28(6):952-961.[Liu Zuoli,He Canfei.A literature review on FDI location.Process in Geography,2009,28(6):952-961.]
[15]宋周莺,刘卫东.信息时代的企业区位研究.地理学报,2012,67(4):479-489.[Song Zhouying,Liu Weidong.The challenge of wide application of new information and communication technologies to traditional location theory.Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(4):479-489.]
[16]乐为,钟意.FDI对我国税收政策敏感性分析.国际贸易问题,2008,(12):103-109.[Le Wei,Zhong Yi.Sensitivity of FDI to the tax policy of China.Journal of International Trade,2008,(12):103-109.]
[17]郭建万,陶锋.集聚经济、环境规制与外商直接投资区位选择:基于新经济地理学视角的分析.产业经济研究,2009,(4):29-37.[Guo Jianwan,Tao Feng.Agglomeration effects,environmental regulation policy and foreign direct investment location choice:According to the new economic geography.Industrial Economics Research,2009,(4):29-37.]
[18]綦建红,李丽,杨丽.中国OFDI的区位选择:基于文化距离的门槛效应与检验.国际贸易问题,2012,(12):137-147.[Qi Jianhong,Li Li,Yang Li.Location choice of Chinese OFDI:Based on the threshold effect and test of cultural distance.Journal of International Trade,2012,(12):137-147.]
[19]刘成,王晓文.城市新区的区位布局与城市空间发展研究.吉林师范大学学报:自然科学版,2011,32(4):122-125.[Liu Cheng,Wang Xiaowen.Research on the location of new urban districts and urban spatial development.Journal of Jilin Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2011,32(4):122-125.]
[20]梁育填,樊杰,韩晓旭,等.重点开发区域产业集聚的机理分析:以广西梧州市为例.经济地理,2010,30(12):2023-2029.[Liang Yutian,Fan Jie,Han Xiaoxu,et al.Mechanism study of agglomeration of development prioritized region:A case study of Wuzhou city of Guangxi province.Economic Geography,2010,30(12):2023-2029.]
[21]陆大道.论区域的最佳结构与最佳发展:提出“点-轴系统”和“T”型结构以来的回顾与再分析.地理学报,2001,56(2):127-135.[Lu Dadao.An analysis of spatial structure and optimal regional development.Acta Geographica Sinica,2001,56(2):127-135.]
[22]方创琳,姚士谋,刘盛和,等.2010中国城市群发展报告.北京:科学出版社,2011:179-226.[Fang Chuanglin,Yao Shimou,Liu Shenghe,et al.Urban Agglomerations Development Report in China of 2010.Beijing:Science Press,2011:179-226.]
[23]国务院.全国主体功能区规划:构建高效、协调、可持续的国土空间开发格局.http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2011-06/08/content_1879180.htm,2014-02-15.[The State Council.National major function oriented zoning plan:Building efficient,coordinate and sustainable territorial development patterns.http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2011-06/08/content_1879180.htm,2014-02-15.]
[24]陆大道.关于我国区域发展战略与方针的若干问题.经济地理,2009,29(1):2-7.[Lu Dadao.The several issues regard to China's regional development strategy and approach.Economic Geography,2009,29(1):2-7.]
[25]樊杰.主体功能区战略与优化国土空间开发格局.中国科学院院刊,2013,28(2):193-206.[Fan Jie.The Strategy of major function oriented zoning and the optimization of territorial development patterns.Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013,28(2):193-206.]
[26]方创琳.中国城市群形成发育的政策影响过程与实施效果评价.地理科学,2012,32(3):257-264.[Fang Chuanglin.Policy implication process and prospect of Chinese urban agglomerations formation and development.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2012,32(3):257-264.]
[27]方创琳,宋吉涛,蔺雪芹,等.中国城市群可持续发展理论与实践.北京:科学出版社,2010:44-52.[Fang Chuanglin,Song Jitao,Lin Xueqin,et al.The Sustainable Development Theories and Practices of Urban Agglomerations in China.Beijing:Science Press,2010:44-52.]
[28]刘卫东,樊杰,周成虎,等.中国西部开发重点区域规划前期研究.北京:商务印书馆,2003:32-49.[Liu Weidong,Fan Jie,Zhou Chenghu,et al.Preliminary Study of Key Regional Development Planning in Western China.Beijing:The Commercial Press,2003:32-49.]
[29]方创琳.中国城市群形成发育的新格局及新趋向.地理科学,2011,31(9):1025-1034.[Fang Chuanglin.New structure and new trend of formation and development of urban agglomerations in China.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2011,31(9):1025-1034.]
[30]封志明,唐焰,杨艳昭,等.中国地形起伏度及其与人口分布的相关性.地理学报,2007,62(10):1073-1082.[Feng Zhiming,Tang Yan,Yang Yanzhao,et al.The relief degree of land surface in China and its correlation with population distribution.Acta Geographica Sinica,2007,62(10):1073-1082.]
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