截面形状对汽车前纵梁碰撞性能的影响分析
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摘要
前纵梁是汽车正碰主要吸能部件,在很大程度上决定了汽车的碰撞性能与安全性。为研究汽车前纵梁的碰撞性能,建立了两种材料(钢和铝)及五种不同截面形式(U形、长方形、正方形、六边形和圆形)的前纵梁与刚性墙碰撞有限元模型。采用分段线性塑性材料本构模型和显式动力学算法对其碰撞过程进行动态仿真,获得了前纵梁的变形情况、能量变化情况和碰撞力曲线,分析了不同截面形式及材料类型对前纵梁碰撞性能的影响,为前纵梁的结构设计与优化提供了一定的理论依据。
In the frontal impact,the front longitudinal rail is the main energy-absorbing component,and it determines the crashworthiness and safety of vehicle in a large part. To study the crashworthiness of front longitudinal rail,the finite element models of front longitudinal rail with five different sections(U-shape,rectangular,square,hexagon,and circular) made of two materials(steel and aluminum) colliding with the rigid wall are built. Based on piecewise linear plastic material constitutive model and explicit dynamic algorithm,the dynamic simulations for collision between front longitudinal rail and rigid wall are made and the results of the front longitudinal rail deformation,energy variation and the impact force curve are obtained. The influences of section types and material on the crashworthiness of front longitudinal rail are analyzed. The results will provide theoretical basis for structural optimization design of front longitudinal rail.
In the frontal impact,the front longitudinal rail is the main energy-absorbing component,and it determines the crashworthiness and safety of vehicle in a large part. To study the crashworthiness of front longitudinal rail,the finite element models of front longitudinal rail with five different sections(U-shape,rectangular,square,hexagon,and circular) made of two materials(steel and aluminum) colliding with the rigid wall are built. Based on piecewise linear plastic material constitutive model and explicit dynamic algorithm,the dynamic simulations for collision between front longitudinal rail and rigid wall are made and the results of the front longitudinal rail deformation,energy variation and the impact force curve are obtained. The influences of section types and material on the crashworthiness of front longitudinal rail are analyzed. The results will provide theoretical basis for structural optimization design of front longitudinal rail.
引文
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[2]刘中华,等.薄壁直梁撞击时的变形及吸能特性[J].吉林大学学报,2006,36(1):25-30.
[3]C Zhang,A Saigal.Crash behavior of a 3D S-shape space frame structure.[J]Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2007,191:256-259.
[4]荆友录.不同截面薄壁梁的轴向耐撞性对比研究[J].山东交通学院学报,2008,16(2):14-17.
[5]陈吉清,等.汽车前纵梁薄壁结构碰撞吸能特性及其优化的研究[J].汽车工程,2010,32(6):486-492.
[6]彭洪梅,等.薄壁直梁碰撞性能仿真和参数影响分析[J].汽车工程,2011,33(9):782-786.
[7]吴广发,赵希禄.汽车前纵梁碰撞吸能特性的优化设计[J].机械设计与研究,2011,27(4):118-120.
[8]A Elmarakbi,N Fielding,H Hadavinia.Finite element simulation of the axial crush of thin-walled tubes with different cross-sections:vehicle/pole impact application.International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems,2011,3(3):154-160.
[9]Ahmed Elmarakbi,Yee Xin Long,John Mac Intyre.Crash analysis and energy absorption characteristics of S shaped longitudinal members[J].Thin-Walled Structures,2013,68:65-74.
[10]周伶俐,赵希禄.反转螺旋型薄壁结构碰撞吸能特性的优化设计[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(11):193-198.
[11]Zhang Xiong,Zhang Hui.Energy absorption of multi-cell stub columns under axial compression[J].Thin-Walled Structure,2013,68(7):156-163.
[12]苏国栋,董小瑞.汽车前纵梁碰撞性能影响因素的仿真研究[J].汽车实用技术,2014,(4):52-56.
[13]苏建,王秋成.汽车前纵梁薄壁结构碰撞仿真及优化设计研究[J].机电工程,2014,31(4):470-500.
[14]李裕春,时党勇,赵远.ANSYS 11.0/LS-DYNA基础理论与工程实践[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.
[15]郝好山,等.ANSYS 12.0 LS-DYNA非线性有限元分析从入门到精通[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2010.
[16]魏显坤.轿车保险杠吸能特性分析与试验研究[D].重庆理工大学硕士学位论文,2012.
[17]刘中华.薄壁梁动态撞击的变形和吸能特性的仿真与分析[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2004.