岩石多功能剪切试验测试系统研制
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摘要
详细介绍了所研制的岩石多功能剪切试验测试系统的主要功能、技术指标和仪器组成,并开展了一系列相关力学试验。该试验测试系统主要包括试验装置、测量系统和控制系统3部分,最大法向拉伸应力为40 MPa,最大法向压缩应力为120 MPa,最大水平剪切应力为120 MPa,试样尺寸为50 mm?50 mm?50 mm;可开展多种力学试验,包括直接拉伸试验、直接剪切试验、拉伸-剪切试验和压缩–剪切试验。利用该试验测试系统对花岗岩进行试验研究,研究结果表明:直接拉伸试验中,试样发生脆性破坏,声发射信号瞬间达到峰值,破坏断面表现出拉伸破坏特征;直接剪切试验中,试样发生多次破坏,破坏瞬间声发射信号均发生突增,破坏断面表现出剪切破坏特征;拉伸-剪切试验中,试样在拉应力作用下剪切强度显著降低,声发射信号在破坏阶段表现强烈,破坏断面既有拉伸破坏特征也有一定的剪切破坏特征。上述力学试验结果,表明了所研制的岩石多功能剪切试验测试系统能够开展多种力学试验,为进一步研究岩石的剪切力学特性提供新的测试手段。
This study introduces the main function, technical index and instrument composition of a developed rock multi-functional shear test system in detail. A series of mechanical experiments is carried out by using the testing system. This system mainly consists of three parts: testing device, measurement system and control system. The maximum normal tensile stress is 40 MPa, and both the maximum normal compressive stress and horizontal shearing stress are 120 MPa. The specimen size is 50 mm?50 mm?50 mm. Multiple mechanical experiments are conducted on granite, including direct tension test, direct shear test, tension-shear test and compression-shear test. The results show that brittle fracture of the specimen occurrs in the direct tensile tests. The acoustic emission(AE) signal instantly reaches the peak and the fracture surface exhibits the characteristics of tensile fracture. In the direct shear test, the specimen is destroyed many times. The AE signal suddenly increases at the moment of destruction, and the fracture surface shows the characteristics of shear fracture. In the tension-shear test, the shear strength of the specimen decreases significantly under the tensile stress. The AE signal is obvious at the failure stage, and the fracture surface exhibited both tensile and shear fracture characteristics. The results of the above mechanical experiments indicate that the developed multi-functional shear test system can successfully carry out a variety of mechanical experiments and provide a new testing method to further study shearing properties of rocks.
This study introduces the main function, technical index and instrument composition of a developed rock multi-functional shear test system in detail. A series of mechanical experiments is carried out by using the testing system. This system mainly consists of three parts: testing device, measurement system and control system. The maximum normal tensile stress is 40 MPa, and both the maximum normal compressive stress and horizontal shearing stress are 120 MPa. The specimen size is 50 mm?50 mm?50 mm. Multiple mechanical experiments are conducted on granite, including direct tension test, direct shear test, tension-shear test and compression-shear test. The results show that brittle fracture of the specimen occurrs in the direct tensile tests. The acoustic emission(AE) signal instantly reaches the peak and the fracture surface exhibits the characteristics of tensile fracture. In the direct shear test, the specimen is destroyed many times. The AE signal suddenly increases at the moment of destruction, and the fracture surface shows the characteristics of shear fracture. In the tension-shear test, the shear strength of the specimen decreases significantly under the tensile stress. The AE signal is obvious at the failure stage, and the fracture surface exhibited both tensile and shear fracture characteristics. The results of the above mechanical experiments indicate that the developed multi-functional shear test system can successfully carry out a variety of mechanical experiments and provide a new testing method to further study shearing properties of rocks.
引文
[1]康勇,李晓红,杨春和.深埋隧道围岩损伤破坏模式的数值试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):3578-3583.KANG Yong,LI Xiao-hong,YANG Chun-he.Research on numerical tests on damage-failure mode of surrounding rock in deep-buried tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):3578-3583.
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[7]余贤斌,王青蓉,李心一,等.岩石直接拉伸与压缩变形的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(1):18-23.YU Xian-bin,WANG Qing-rong,LI Xin-yi,et al.Experimental research on deformation of rocks in direct tension and compression[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(1):18-23.
[8]余贤斌,谢强,李心一,等.直接拉伸-劈裂及单轴压缩试验下岩石的声发射特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):137-142.YU Xian-bin,XIE Qiang,LI Xin-yi,et al.Acoustic emission of rocks under direct tension,Brazilian and uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):137-142.
[9]赵宝云,刘东燕,朱可善,等.重庆红砂岩单轴直接拉伸蠕变特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(2):3960-3966.ZHAO Bao-yun,LIU Dong-yan,ZHU Ke-shan,et al.Experimental research on creep characteristics of Chongqing red sandstone under direct tension[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(2):3960-3966.
[10]李建林.岩石拉剪流变特性的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(3):299-304.LI Jian-lin.A test study on tension-shear creep of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(3):299-304.
[11]周火明,熊诗湖,刘小红,等.三峡船闸边坡岩体拉剪试验及强度准则研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(24):4418-4422.ZHOU Huo-ming,XIONG Shi-hu,LIU Xiao-hong,et al.In-situ tension-shear tests and strength criterion studies on TGP shiplock slope rockmass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(24):4418-4422.
[12]李守定,郭静芸,李晓,等.岩石拉伸剪切破裂试验研究[J].工程地质学报,2014,22(4):655-667.LI Shou-ding,GUO Jing-yun,LI Xiao,et al.Research of rock failure testing under combined shear and tension[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2014,22(4):655-667.
[13]RAMSEY J M,CHESTER F M.Hybrid fracture and the transition from extension fracture to shear fracture[J].Nature,2004,48(4):63-66.
[14]周辉,卢景景,徐荣超,等.硬脆性大理岩拉剪破坏特征与屈服准则研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(2):305-315.ZHOU Hui,LU Jing-jing,XU Rong-chao,et al.Research on tension-shear failure characteristics and yield criterion of hard brittle marble[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(2):305-315.
[2]柳赋铮.拉伸和拉剪状态下岩石力学性质的研究[J].长江科学院院报,1996,13(3):35-40.LIU Fu-zheng.Study on mechanical property of rock in tension and tension-shear state[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,1996,13(3):35-40.
[3]郭静芸,李晓,李守定,等.拉伸剪切条件下岩石的工程地质力学特性[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(6):1020-1028.GUO Jing-yun,LI Xiao,LI Shou-ding,et al.The engineering geology mechanical properties of rock in tension-shear state[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(6):1020-1028.
[4]黄润秋.岩石高边坡发育的动力过程及其稳定性控制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(8):1525-1545.HUANG Run-qiu.Geodynamical process and stability control of high rock slope development[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(8):1525-1545.
[5]刘建锋,徐进,杨春和,等.盐岩拉伸破坏力学特性的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(4):580-587.LIU Jian-feng,XU Jin,YANG Chun-he,et al.Mechanical characteristics of tensile failure of salt rock[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(4):580-587.
[6]张绪涛,张强勇,袁圣渤,等.岩石轴向直接拉伸试验装置的研制及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(12):2517-2524.ZHANG Xu-tao,ZHANG Qiang-yong,YUAN Sheng-bo,et al.Development of test device for direct axial tension on rock and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(12):2517-2524.
[7]余贤斌,王青蓉,李心一,等.岩石直接拉伸与压缩变形的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(1):18-23.YU Xian-bin,WANG Qing-rong,LI Xin-yi,et al.Experimental research on deformation of rocks in direct tension and compression[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(1):18-23.
[8]余贤斌,谢强,李心一,等.直接拉伸-劈裂及单轴压缩试验下岩石的声发射特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):137-142.YU Xian-bin,XIE Qiang,LI Xin-yi,et al.Acoustic emission of rocks under direct tension,Brazilian and uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):137-142.
[9]赵宝云,刘东燕,朱可善,等.重庆红砂岩单轴直接拉伸蠕变特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(2):3960-3966.ZHAO Bao-yun,LIU Dong-yan,ZHU Ke-shan,et al.Experimental research on creep characteristics of Chongqing red sandstone under direct tension[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(2):3960-3966.
[10]李建林.岩石拉剪流变特性的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(3):299-304.LI Jian-lin.A test study on tension-shear creep of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(3):299-304.
[11]周火明,熊诗湖,刘小红,等.三峡船闸边坡岩体拉剪试验及强度准则研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(24):4418-4422.ZHOU Huo-ming,XIONG Shi-hu,LIU Xiao-hong,et al.In-situ tension-shear tests and strength criterion studies on TGP shiplock slope rockmass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(24):4418-4422.
[12]李守定,郭静芸,李晓,等.岩石拉伸剪切破裂试验研究[J].工程地质学报,2014,22(4):655-667.LI Shou-ding,GUO Jing-yun,LI Xiao,et al.Research of rock failure testing under combined shear and tension[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2014,22(4):655-667.
[13]RAMSEY J M,CHESTER F M.Hybrid fracture and the transition from extension fracture to shear fracture[J].Nature,2004,48(4):63-66.
[14]周辉,卢景景,徐荣超,等.硬脆性大理岩拉剪破坏特征与屈服准则研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(2):305-315.ZHOU Hui,LU Jing-jing,XU Rong-chao,et al.Research on tension-shear failure characteristics and yield criterion of hard brittle marble[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(2):305-315.