长白山生态功能区气候变化特征
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摘要
为探究长白山生态功能区气候变化特征,本研究利用区域内及周边36个气象站数据与CN05.1格点数据集,采用线性倾向估计法、Mann-Kendall突变检验、累积距平法、Morlet小波分析等方法研究1961—2016年长白山生态功能区内温度(平均气温、四季气温、极端气温)、水分(年降水量、四季降水量、降水日数、相对湿度)、光照(日照时数与日照百分率)和风速因子的时空变化规律.结果表明:1961—2016年,长白山生态功能区气温升高、日照减少、风速减弱、降水量周期振荡变化.其中,冬季气温[0.45℃·(10 a)~(-1)]与最低温度[0.74℃·(10 a)~(-1)]大幅上升.年平均风速显著降低[-0.21 m·s~(-1)·(10 a)~(-1)]但并未发生气候突变.年降水日数大幅降低[-7.01 d·(10 a)~(-1)],使其与东北地区气候变化特点有所不同.虽然功能区内年降水量倾向率为16.06 mm·(10 a)~(-1),但不能以简单的趋势增加或减少来描述降水量变化特征,功能区内降水量变化以26年长周期叠加3年的短周期为主.研究结果对区域生态评估、生态系统响应气候变化、物候变化等研究具有指示意义.
We integrated the meteorological records from 36 national weather stations and CN05.1 gridded daily observation dataset to analyze the climate change characteristics of Changbai Mountain eco-functional area. Linear tendency estimation, Mann-Kendall mutation test, cumulative anomaly method and Morlet wavelet analysis were used to investigate the temporal and spatial variation of temperature(annual temperature, seasonal temperature, extreme temperature), moisture(annual precipitation, seasonal precipitation, relative humidity), radiation(sunshine duration, sunshine percentage) and wind speed from 1961 to 2016. The results showed that, during 1961-2016, the temperature of this area increased, the radiation and wind speed decreased, and the precipitation varied periodically. Specifically, winter temperature [0.45 ℃·(10 a)~(-1)] and the lowest temperature [0.74 ℃·(10 a)~(-1)] significantly increased. The mean annual wind speed significantly decreased [-0.21 m·s~(-1)·(10 a)~(-1)]. No abrupt climate change was observed. The annual precipitation days decreased considerably [-7.01 d·(10 a)~(-1)], which was different from the climate change pattern of Northeast China. The annual precipitation trend coefficient of this area was 16.06 mm·(10 a)~(-1 ), which could not be simply depicted by increase or decrease in trend. The precipitation change in this area was dominated by periodically patterns, and the period was 26 years and 3 years. Our results would be instructive to the regional ecological assessment, and the research on ecosystem responses to climate change and phenological changes.
We integrated the meteorological records from 36 national weather stations and CN05.1 gridded daily observation dataset to analyze the climate change characteristics of Changbai Mountain eco-functional area. Linear tendency estimation, Mann-Kendall mutation test, cumulative anomaly method and Morlet wavelet analysis were used to investigate the temporal and spatial variation of temperature(annual temperature, seasonal temperature, extreme temperature), moisture(annual precipitation, seasonal precipitation, relative humidity), radiation(sunshine duration, sunshine percentage) and wind speed from 1961 to 2016. The results showed that, during 1961-2016, the temperature of this area increased, the radiation and wind speed decreased, and the precipitation varied periodically. Specifically, winter temperature [0.45 ℃·(10 a)~(-1)] and the lowest temperature [0.74 ℃·(10 a)~(-1)] significantly increased. The mean annual wind speed significantly decreased [-0.21 m·s~(-1)·(10 a)~(-1)]. No abrupt climate change was observed. The annual precipitation days decreased considerably [-7.01 d·(10 a)~(-1)], which was different from the climate change pattern of Northeast China. The annual precipitation trend coefficient of this area was 16.06 mm·(10 a)~(-1 ), which could not be simply depicted by increase or decrease in trend. The precipitation change in this area was dominated by periodically patterns, and the period was 26 years and 3 years. Our results would be instructive to the regional ecological assessment, and the research on ecosystem responses to climate change and phenological changes.
引文
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[16] Bai F,Sang WG,Li GQ,et al.Long-term protection effects of national reserve to forest vegetation in 4 deca-des:Biodiversity change analysis of major forest types in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve,China.Science in China Series C:Life Sciences,2008,51:948-958
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[22] Zhang M (张弥),Guan D-X(关德新),Han S-J (韩士杰),et al.Climatic dynamics of broadleaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain during the last 22 Years.Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志),2005(9):1007-1012 (in Chinese)
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[24] Liu M (刘敏),Mao Z-J (毛子军),Li Y (厉悦),et al.Response of radial growth of Pinus koraiensis in broad-leaved Korean pine forests with different latitudes to climatical factors.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2016,27(5):1341-1352 (in Chinese)
[25] Xu W-Z (徐玮泽),Liu Q-J (刘琪璟),Meng S-W (孟盛旺),et al.Long-term monitoring of tree population dynamics of broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountains,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2018,29(10):3159-3166 (in Chinese)
[26] Chen N-N (陈妮娜),Yuan F-H (袁凤辉),Wang A-Z (王安志),et al.Simulation of the effects of climate change on canopy transpiration over a broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountains.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2011,22(2):309-316 (in Chinese)
[27] Wu J (吴佳),Gao X-J (高学杰).A gridded daily observation dataset over China region and comparison with the other datasets.Chinese Journal of Geophysics (地球物理学报),2013,56(4):1102-1111 (in Chinese)
[28] Xu Y,Gao X,Shen Y,et al.A daily temperature dataset over China and its application in validating a RCM simulation.Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2009,26:763-772
[29] Zhou BT,Xu Y,Wu J,et al.Changes in temperature and precipitation extreme indices over China:Analysis of a high-resolution grid dataset.International Journal of Climatology,2016,36:1051-1066
[30] Wei F-Y (魏凤英).Statictic Diagnose and Foreshadow Technology in Present Climate.Beijing:Meteorological Press,2007 (in Chinese)
[31] Fu C-B (符淙斌),Wang Q (王强).The definition and detection of the abrupt climatic change.Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (大气科学),1992,16 (4):482-493 (in Chinese)
[32] Zeng L-H (曾丽红),Song K-S (宋开山),Zhang B (张柏),et al.Spatial-temporal precipitation variation over Jilin Province during 1960-2008.Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology (中国农业气象),2010,31(3):344-352 (in Chinese)
[33] Torrence C,Compo GP.A practical guide to wavelet analysis.Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1998,79:61-78
[34] Wu H-B (吴洪宝),Wu L (吴蕾).Methods for Diagnosing and Forecasting Climate Variability.Beijing:Meteorological Press,2010 (in Chinese)
[35] Fan Y-J (范玉洁),Yu X-X (余新晓),Zhang H-X (张红霞),et al.Comparison between Kirging interpolation method and inverse distance weighting tension for precipitation data analysis:Taking Lijiang River Basin as a study case.Journal of China Hydrology (水文),2014,34(6):61-66 (in Chinese)
[36] Hu N-F (胡乃发),Wang A-Z (王安志),Guan D-X (关德新),et al.Multiple time scale analysis of precipitation series in Changbai Mountain Region in 1959-2006.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2010,21(3):549-556 (in Chinese)
[37] Wang W-W (王文微),Han J-L (韩京龙).Precipitation change law of Yanbian area of Jilin Province.Water Resources & Hydropower of Northeast China (东北水利水电),2017,35(6):28-30 (in Chinese)
[38] Sun FB,Roderick ML,Lim WH,et al.Hydroclimatic projections for the Murray-Darling Basin based on an ensemble derived from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change AR4 climate models.Water Resources Research,2011,47:373-384
[39] Xu T-T (徐婷婷),Zheng J-Q (郑俊强),Han S-J (韩士杰),et al.Responses of soil nitrogen transformation to long-term nitrogen fertilization and precipitation changes in a broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountains,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2018,29(9):2797-2807 (in Chinese)
[40] Yi XM,Zhang Y,Wang XW,et al.Effects of water deficit on growth of two tree species seedlings in Changbai Mountains of northeast China.Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,2015,24:787-791
[41] Ji Q (吉奇),Song J-F (宋冀凤),Liu H (刘辉).Characteristics of temperature and precipitation in Northeast China from 1951 to 2000.Journal of Meteoro-logy and Environment (气象与环境学报),2006,22(5):1-5 (in Chinese)
[42] Dong M-Y (董满宇),Wu Z-F (吴正方).Analysis of temporal and spatial characteristics of temperature change over the last 50 years in northeast China.Resources Science (资源科学),2008,30(7):1093-1099 (in Chinese)
[43] He W (贺伟),Bu R-C (布仁仓),Xiong Z-P (熊在平),et al.Characteristics of temperature and precipitation in Northeastern China from 1961 to 2005.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2013,33(2):519-531 (in Chinese)
[44] Jia J-Y (贾建英),Guo J-P (郭建平).Characteristics of climate change in northeast China for last 46 years.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment (干旱区资源与环境),2011,25(10):109-115 (in Chinese)
[45] Sun F-H (孙凤华),Yang S-Y (杨素英),Ren G-Y (任国玉).Decade variations of precipitation event frequency,intensity and duration in the Northeast China.Journal of Applied Meteorological Science (应用气象学报),2007,18(5):610-618 (in Chinese)
[46] Zhou X-Y (周晓宇),Zhang X-Y (张新宜),Cui Y (崔妍),et al.The characteristics of sunshine duration from 1961 to 2009 in northeast China.Journal of Meteorology and Environment (气象与环境学报),2013,29(5):112-120 (in Chinese)
[47] Xiao R (肖荣).Study on the Temporal-Spatial Change Characteristics of Near-surface Wind Speed in the Northeast of China in Recent 50 Years.Master Thesis.Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2012 (in Chinese)
[48] Jin W (金巍),Ren G-Y (任国玉),Qu Y (曲岩),et al.Change in surface mean wind speed of Northeast China during the period of 1971-2010.Arid Zone Research (干旱区研究),2012,29(4):648-653 (in Chinese)
[2] Seddon AWR,Macias-Fauria M,Long PR,et al.Sensitivity of global terrestrial ecosystems to climate variability.Nature,2016,531:229
[3] IPCC.The Physical Science Basis.Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press;2013.
[4] Donat MG,Lowry AL,Alexander LV,et al.More extreme precipitation in the world’s dry and wet regions.Nature Climate Change,2016,6:508-513
[5] Held IM,Soden BJ.Robust responses of the hydrological cycle to global warming.Journal of Climate,2006,19:5686-5699
[6] Wild M,Truessel B,Ohmura A,et al.Global dimming and brightening:An update beyond 2000.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2009,114:1-14
[7] McVicar TR,Roderick ML,Donohue RJ,et al.Global review and synthesis of trends in observed terrestrial near-surface wind speeds:Implications for evaporation.Journal of Hydrology,2012,416:182-205
[8] Li QX,Dong WJ,Li W,et al.Assessment of the uncertainties in temperature change in China during the last century.Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,55:1974-1982
[9] Jiang Y,Luo Y,Zhao ZC,et al.Changes in wind speed over China during 1956-2004.Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2010,99:421-430
[10] Xia XG.Spatiotemporal changes in sunshine duration and cloud amount as well as their relationship in China during 1954-2005.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2010,115:1-13
[11] Fan Z-M (范泽孟),Yue T-X (岳天祥),Chen C-F (陈传法),et al.Spatial change trends of temperature and precipitation in China.Journal of Geo-Information Science (地球信息科学学报),2011,13(4):526-533 (in Chinese)
[12] Ren G-Y (任国玉),Ren Y-Y (任玉玉),Zhan Y-J (战云健),et al.Spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation variability over mainland China:Ⅱ:Recent trends.Advances in Water Science (水科学进展),2015,26(4):451-465 (in Chinese)
[13] Parmesan C,Yohe G.A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems.Nature,2003,421:37-42
[14] Wang YY,Hou GL,Zhao JJ,et al.Study on the trend of vegetation phenological change and its response to climate change in Changbai Mountains.Fresenius Environmental Bulletin,2015,24:2193-2202
[15] Wu JB,Guan DX,Wang M,et al.Year-round soil and ecosystem respiration in a temperate broad-leaved Korean pine forest.Forest Ecology and Management,2006,223:35-44
[16] Bai F,Sang WG,Li GQ,et al.Long-term protection effects of national reserve to forest vegetation in 4 deca-des:Biodiversity change analysis of major forest types in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve,China.Science in China Series C:Life Sciences,2008,51:948-958
[17] Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China (生态环境部).National Ecosystem Service Zoning in China (Revised Edition) [EB/OL].(2015-11-13) [2018-12-20].http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201511/W020151126550511267548.pdf.(in Chinese)
[18] Wang HY,Liu JJ,Song CY.Feature analysis of weather changes in recent 50 years in the area of Sanjiang-Changbai.Meteorological and Environmental Research,2010,1:43-46
[19] Wang J-J (王纪军),Pei T-F (裴铁璠),Wang A-Z (王安志),et al.Changes in the mean maximum and minimum temperatures in Changbai Mountain,northeas-tern China in the past 50 years.Journal of Beijing Fores-try University (北京林业大学学报),2009,31 (2):50-57 (in Chinese)
[20] Du H-B (杜海波),Wu Z-F (吴正方),Zhang N (张娜),et al.Characteristics of extreme temperature and precipitation events over Dandong during the last six decades.Scientia Geographica Sinica (地理科学),2013,33(4):473-480 (in Chinese)
[21] Li Z-J (李志静),Sun L (孙丽),Lu N (卢娜),et al.Variation of Sunshine Hours in Benxi Area from 1961 to 2012.Modern Agricultural Science and Technology (现代农业科技),2015(15):241-242 (in Chinese)
[22] Zhang M (张弥),Guan D-X(关德新),Han S-J (韩士杰),et al.Climatic dynamics of broadleaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain during the last 22 Years.Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志),2005(9):1007-1012 (in Chinese)
[23] Jia X (贾翔),Jin H (金慧),Zhao Y (赵莹),et al.Characteristics of climate change in Changbai Mountain from 1958 to 2015.Journal of Beihua University (Natural Science) (北华大学学报:自然科学版),2017,18(6):727-731 (in Chinese)
[24] Liu M (刘敏),Mao Z-J (毛子军),Li Y (厉悦),et al.Response of radial growth of Pinus koraiensis in broad-leaved Korean pine forests with different latitudes to climatical factors.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2016,27(5):1341-1352 (in Chinese)
[25] Xu W-Z (徐玮泽),Liu Q-J (刘琪璟),Meng S-W (孟盛旺),et al.Long-term monitoring of tree population dynamics of broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountains,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2018,29(10):3159-3166 (in Chinese)
[26] Chen N-N (陈妮娜),Yuan F-H (袁凤辉),Wang A-Z (王安志),et al.Simulation of the effects of climate change on canopy transpiration over a broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountains.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2011,22(2):309-316 (in Chinese)
[27] Wu J (吴佳),Gao X-J (高学杰).A gridded daily observation dataset over China region and comparison with the other datasets.Chinese Journal of Geophysics (地球物理学报),2013,56(4):1102-1111 (in Chinese)
[28] Xu Y,Gao X,Shen Y,et al.A daily temperature dataset over China and its application in validating a RCM simulation.Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2009,26:763-772
[29] Zhou BT,Xu Y,Wu J,et al.Changes in temperature and precipitation extreme indices over China:Analysis of a high-resolution grid dataset.International Journal of Climatology,2016,36:1051-1066
[30] Wei F-Y (魏凤英).Statictic Diagnose and Foreshadow Technology in Present Climate.Beijing:Meteorological Press,2007 (in Chinese)
[31] Fu C-B (符淙斌),Wang Q (王强).The definition and detection of the abrupt climatic change.Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (大气科学),1992,16 (4):482-493 (in Chinese)
[32] Zeng L-H (曾丽红),Song K-S (宋开山),Zhang B (张柏),et al.Spatial-temporal precipitation variation over Jilin Province during 1960-2008.Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology (中国农业气象),2010,31(3):344-352 (in Chinese)
[33] Torrence C,Compo GP.A practical guide to wavelet analysis.Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1998,79:61-78
[34] Wu H-B (吴洪宝),Wu L (吴蕾).Methods for Diagnosing and Forecasting Climate Variability.Beijing:Meteorological Press,2010 (in Chinese)
[35] Fan Y-J (范玉洁),Yu X-X (余新晓),Zhang H-X (张红霞),et al.Comparison between Kirging interpolation method and inverse distance weighting tension for precipitation data analysis:Taking Lijiang River Basin as a study case.Journal of China Hydrology (水文),2014,34(6):61-66 (in Chinese)
[36] Hu N-F (胡乃发),Wang A-Z (王安志),Guan D-X (关德新),et al.Multiple time scale analysis of precipitation series in Changbai Mountain Region in 1959-2006.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2010,21(3):549-556 (in Chinese)
[37] Wang W-W (王文微),Han J-L (韩京龙).Precipitation change law of Yanbian area of Jilin Province.Water Resources & Hydropower of Northeast China (东北水利水电),2017,35(6):28-30 (in Chinese)
[38] Sun FB,Roderick ML,Lim WH,et al.Hydroclimatic projections for the Murray-Darling Basin based on an ensemble derived from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change AR4 climate models.Water Resources Research,2011,47:373-384
[39] Xu T-T (徐婷婷),Zheng J-Q (郑俊强),Han S-J (韩士杰),et al.Responses of soil nitrogen transformation to long-term nitrogen fertilization and precipitation changes in a broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountains,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2018,29(9):2797-2807 (in Chinese)
[40] Yi XM,Zhang Y,Wang XW,et al.Effects of water deficit on growth of two tree species seedlings in Changbai Mountains of northeast China.Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,2015,24:787-791
[41] Ji Q (吉奇),Song J-F (宋冀凤),Liu H (刘辉).Characteristics of temperature and precipitation in Northeast China from 1951 to 2000.Journal of Meteoro-logy and Environment (气象与环境学报),2006,22(5):1-5 (in Chinese)
[42] Dong M-Y (董满宇),Wu Z-F (吴正方).Analysis of temporal and spatial characteristics of temperature change over the last 50 years in northeast China.Resources Science (资源科学),2008,30(7):1093-1099 (in Chinese)
[43] He W (贺伟),Bu R-C (布仁仓),Xiong Z-P (熊在平),et al.Characteristics of temperature and precipitation in Northeastern China from 1961 to 2005.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2013,33(2):519-531 (in Chinese)
[44] Jia J-Y (贾建英),Guo J-P (郭建平).Characteristics of climate change in northeast China for last 46 years.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment (干旱区资源与环境),2011,25(10):109-115 (in Chinese)
[45] Sun F-H (孙凤华),Yang S-Y (杨素英),Ren G-Y (任国玉).Decade variations of precipitation event frequency,intensity and duration in the Northeast China.Journal of Applied Meteorological Science (应用气象学报),2007,18(5):610-618 (in Chinese)
[46] Zhou X-Y (周晓宇),Zhang X-Y (张新宜),Cui Y (崔妍),et al.The characteristics of sunshine duration from 1961 to 2009 in northeast China.Journal of Meteorology and Environment (气象与环境学报),2013,29(5):112-120 (in Chinese)
[47] Xiao R (肖荣).Study on the Temporal-Spatial Change Characteristics of Near-surface Wind Speed in the Northeast of China in Recent 50 Years.Master Thesis.Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2012 (in Chinese)
[48] Jin W (金巍),Ren G-Y (任国玉),Qu Y (曲岩),et al.Change in surface mean wind speed of Northeast China during the period of 1971-2010.Arid Zone Research (干旱区研究),2012,29(4):648-653 (in Chinese)