基于动柔度法的轨道高架桥橡胶垫减振性能研究
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摘要
为探讨下橡胶垫对桥梁减振效果,基于动柔度法建立车辆-轨道-桥梁耦合的垂向动力学模型,车辆考虑1/8轮对系统,只考虑一系弹簧阻尼计算车轮动柔度,钢轨看作无限长Timoshenko梁,桥梁简化为简支的Euler梁,扣件系统、橡胶垫用线性弹簧阻尼单元模拟,联合车轮动柔度、钢轨动柔度和线性接触动柔度计算频域轮轨力并施加到钢轨上,计算钢轨、道床板、桥梁的动力响应。采用振动加速度级、加速度级插入损失和Z振级插入损失评价橡胶垫的减振效果,结果表明,采用橡胶垫后钢轨振动响应略有增大,Z振级插入损失为–0.81 d B,道床板振动响应大幅增加,Z振级插入损失为–10.3 d B,桥梁的振动响应减小明显,Z振级插入损失为:15.6 d B,计算结果表明橡胶垫能有效的降低桥梁结构振动,相关的研究为桥梁的减振降噪提供了一定参考。
In order to study the vibration reduction effect of rubber pads under cement or asphalt layers of viaducts, the vertical dynamic model of vehicle-track-bridge coupling is established based on dynamic compliance method. Only 1/8 of the wheel-pair system of the vehicle and the primary suspension are considered. The rails are regarded as infinitely long Timoshenko beams and the bridge is simplified as a simply supported Euler beam. The fastener system, cement or asphalt layer and the rubber pads are simplified as a linear spring-damping system. The wheel-rail contact force is calculated in frequency domain using the wheel dynamic compliance, rail dynamic compliance and linear contact compliance. This contact force is then applied to the rail to calculate the dynamic responses of the rail, track sleeper panels and the bridge. The vibration reduction effect of the rubber pads is evaluated by the vibration acceleration level, the acceleration level insertion loss and the Z-level insertion loss. The results show that the vibration response of the rail is slightly increased after the rubber pads are installed and the insertion loss of the Z-level is – 0.81 d B; the vibration response of the track sleeper panel increases significantly and the Z-level insertion loss is–10.3 d B; the vibration response of the bridge decreases obviously and the Z-level insertion loss is 15.6 d B. The calculation results show that the rubber pads can effectively reduce the vibration response of the bridge structure. The relevant research provides a reference for vibration and noise reduction of bridges.
In order to study the vibration reduction effect of rubber pads under cement or asphalt layers of viaducts, the vertical dynamic model of vehicle-track-bridge coupling is established based on dynamic compliance method. Only 1/8 of the wheel-pair system of the vehicle and the primary suspension are considered. The rails are regarded as infinitely long Timoshenko beams and the bridge is simplified as a simply supported Euler beam. The fastener system, cement or asphalt layer and the rubber pads are simplified as a linear spring-damping system. The wheel-rail contact force is calculated in frequency domain using the wheel dynamic compliance, rail dynamic compliance and linear contact compliance. This contact force is then applied to the rail to calculate the dynamic responses of the rail, track sleeper panels and the bridge. The vibration reduction effect of the rubber pads is evaluated by the vibration acceleration level, the acceleration level insertion loss and the Z-level insertion loss. The results show that the vibration response of the rail is slightly increased after the rubber pads are installed and the insertion loss of the Z-level is – 0.81 d B; the vibration response of the track sleeper panel increases significantly and the Z-level insertion loss is–10.3 d B; the vibration response of the bridge decreases obviously and the Z-level insertion loss is 15.6 d B. The calculation results show that the rubber pads can effectively reduce the vibration response of the bridge structure. The relevant research provides a reference for vibration and noise reduction of bridges.
引文
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[14]XUN ZHANG,XIAOZHEN LI,HONG HAO,et al.A case study of interior low-frequency noise from boxshaped bridge girders induced by running trains:Its mechanism,prediction and countermeasures[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2016,40:519-528.
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[17]石广田,杨建近,杨新文,等.基于动柔度法的车-线-桥垂向藕合振动分析[J].中南大学学报,2017,48(4):1119-1127.
[2]LUTZ A.Dynamic behavior of slab tracks on homogenous and layered soils and the reduction of ground vibration by floating slab tracks[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2012,138(8):923-933.
[3]CAO ZHIGANG,CAL YUANQIANG,BOSTROM A,et al.Simi-analytical analysis of the isolation to moving-load induced ground vibrations by trenches on a poroelastic half-space[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2012,331(4):947-961.
[4]MOLINER E,MUSEROS P,MARTNEZ-RODRIGO M D.Retrofit of existing railway bridges of short to medium spans for high-speed traffic using viscoelastic dampers[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2012,40:519-528.
[5]侯德军,雷晓燕,刘庆杰.浮置板轨道系统动力响应分析[J].铁道工程学报,2006,8(98):18-25.
[6]韦红亮,练松良,周宇.高架钢弹簧浮置板轨道减振特性分析[J].同济大学学报,2012,40(9):1342-1348.
[7]于鹏,蔡向辉,蔡小培,等.不同减振垫刚度下板式轨道减振特性研究[J].铁道标准设计,2017,61(4):1-5.
[8]王志强,王安斌,徐宁,等.地铁轨道道床减振势减振性能研究[J].城市轨道交通研究,2015,34(2):250-255.
[9]金浩,刘维宁.枕下减振垫铺设方式对梯式轨道减振性能影响试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2015,48(2):73-78.
[10]辛涛,张琦,高亮,等.高速铁路CRTSⅢ型板式无昨轨道减振垫层动力影响及结构优化[J].中国铁道科学,2017,37(5):1-7.
[11]THOMPSON D.Railway noise and vibration:mechanisms,modelling and means of control[M].Oxford:Elsevier.2009.
[12]赵才友,王平.桥上无砟轨道橡胶减振垫减振性能试验研究[J].中国铁道科学,2013,34(4):8-13.
[13]易强,王平,赵才友,等.高架铁路环境噪声空间分布特性及控制措施效果研究[J].铁道学报,2017,39(3):120-127.
[14]XUN ZHANG,XIAOZHEN LI,HONG HAO,et al.A case study of interior low-frequency noise from boxshaped bridge girders induced by running trains:Its mechanism,prediction and countermeasures[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2016,40:519-528.
[15]李增光,吴天行.铁道车辆-轨道-高架桥耦合系统振动功率流分析[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(11):78-93.
[16]WU T X,THOMPSON D J.Vibration analysis of railway track with multiple wheels on the rail[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2001,239(1):69-91.
[17]石广田,杨建近,杨新文,等.基于动柔度法的车-线-桥垂向藕合振动分析[J].中南大学学报,2017,48(4):1119-1127.