山东半岛东部海域悬浮体分布季节变化及其冬季输送通量研究
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摘要
山东半岛东部近岸海域流系和水团要素季节变化显著,沉积动力环境特殊,发育有剖面形状独特的泥质沉积体。基于两个年度的夏、冬季山东半岛东部近岸海域水体温度、浊度、悬浮体浓度和海流等调查资料,分析了水团要素分布季节变化特征,并结合研究区域冬季海流和余流分布特征,计算了冬季经山东半岛东部近岸海域向南输送的悬浮体净通量。结果表明:山东半岛东部近岸海域悬浮体分布受沿岸流、黄海冷水团和黄海暖流等流系季节变化的影响存在显著季节变化。夏季,水体垂向层结和黄海冷水团均可抑制悬浮体垂向和东西向扩散。与以往的研究有所不同的是,冬季大量悬浮体可穿越沿岸流与黄海暖流形成的海流切变锋面,进入黄海暖流向北输送,海流切变锋的屏障作用会随着黄海暖流的减弱或东移而削弱。每年冬季经山东半岛东部近岸海域输送的悬浮体占渤海海峡向外海输送的悬浮体年净通量的3.22%～9.10%,冬季的悬浮体输送量较大,占冬季渤海海峡向外海输送的悬浮体年净通量的6.84%～19.38%。
The seasonal variation of coastal waters off eastern Shandong Peninsula contributes significantly to the special sedimentary dynamic environment. Based on temperature, turbidity, and concentration of suspended matter observed during the summer and winter of 2007 and tidal currents and suspended matter observed during the winter of 2017, the seasonal variation for the distribution of suspended matter was analyzed, and the annual suspended matter net flux to the south through eastern Shandong Peninsula in winter was calculated. The sedimentary dynamic environment of the mud wedge was further studied, combined with the distribution of tidal and residual currents in winter. The results show that the distribution of suspended matter in the shelf waters off eastern Shandong peninsula is mostly affected by seasonal variations of the coastal currents, the Yellow Sea cold water mass, and the Yellow Sea warm current. Its concentration in winter is several times larger than in summer. Suspended matter off eastern Shandong Peninsula is restricted near the bottom by vertical water stratification and the Yellow Sea cold water mass in summer. A large amount of suspended matter is transported southward, driven by the strong coastal currents due to strong winter winds, while some suspended matter can also be transported northward by the Yellow Sea warm current. The annual suspended matter net flux in winter through the shelf waters off eastern Shandong Peninsula accounts for 3.22%–9.10% of the annual suspension matter net flux outward through the Bohai Strait, and also accounts for 6.84%–19.38% of the annual suspension matter net flux outward through the Bohai Strait in winter.
The seasonal variation of coastal waters off eastern Shandong Peninsula contributes significantly to the special sedimentary dynamic environment. Based on temperature, turbidity, and concentration of suspended matter observed during the summer and winter of 2007 and tidal currents and suspended matter observed during the winter of 2017, the seasonal variation for the distribution of suspended matter was analyzed, and the annual suspended matter net flux to the south through eastern Shandong Peninsula in winter was calculated. The sedimentary dynamic environment of the mud wedge was further studied, combined with the distribution of tidal and residual currents in winter. The results show that the distribution of suspended matter in the shelf waters off eastern Shandong peninsula is mostly affected by seasonal variations of the coastal currents, the Yellow Sea cold water mass, and the Yellow Sea warm current. Its concentration in winter is several times larger than in summer. Suspended matter off eastern Shandong Peninsula is restricted near the bottom by vertical water stratification and the Yellow Sea cold water mass in summer. A large amount of suspended matter is transported southward, driven by the strong coastal currents due to strong winter winds, while some suspended matter can also be transported northward by the Yellow Sea warm current. The annual suspended matter net flux in winter through the shelf waters off eastern Shandong Peninsula accounts for 3.22%–9.10% of the annual suspension matter net flux outward through the Bohai Strait, and also accounts for 6.84%–19.38% of the annual suspension matter net flux outward through the Bohai Strait in winter.
引文
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[2] Li G X,Yue S H,Zhao D B,et al.Rapid deposition and dynamic processes in the modern Yellow River Mouth[J].Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2004,24(3):29-36.
[3] 秦蕴珊,李凡.渤海海水中悬浮体的研究[J].海洋学报,1982,4(2):191-200.[Qin Yunshan,Li Fan.Study on the suspended matter of the sea water of the Bohai Gulf[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1982,4(2):191-200.]
[4] Zhang J,Huang W W,Martin J M.Trace metals distribution in Huanghe (Yellow River) estuarine sediments[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,1988,26(5):499-516.
[5] Liu J P,Milliman J D,Gao S,et al.Holocene development of the Yellow River’s subaqueous delta,North Yellow Sea[J].Marine Geology,2004,209(1/2/3/4):45-67.
[6] Liu J P,Milliman J D,Gao S.The Shandong mud wedge and post-glacial sediment accumulation in the Yellow Sea[J].Geo-Marine Letters,2001,21(4):212-218.
[7] Yang Z S,Liu J P.A unique Yellow River-derived distal subaqueous delta in the Yellow Sea[J].Marine Geology,2007,240(1/2/3/4):169-176.
[8] Correggiari A,Trincardi F,Langone L,et al.Styles of failure in Late Holocene highstand prodelta wedges on the Adriatic shelf[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2001,71(2):218-236.
[9] Lu J,Qiao F L,Wang X H,et al.A numerical study of transport dynamics and seasonal variability of the Yellow River sediment in the Bohai and Yellow seas[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2011,95(1):39-51.
[10] 苏健,江文胜,孙文心.渤海中南部悬浮物海洋调查资料分析[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2001,31(5):647-652.[Su Jian,Jiang Wensheng,Sun Wenxin.Analysis of SPM data obtained in ocean investigation in the Bohai Sea[J].Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,2001,31(5):647-652.]
[11] Pang C G,Bai X Z,Hu D X.Numerical study of water and suspended matter exchange between the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2003,21(3):214-221.
[12] Li Z,Bao X W,Wang Y Z,et al.Seasonal distribution and relationship of water mass and suspended load in North Yellow Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2009,27(4):907-918.
[13] Wang G S,Qiao F L,Xia C S.Parallelization of a coupled wave-circulation model and its application[J].Ocean Dynamics,2010,60(2):331-339.
[14] Xia C S,Qiao F L,Zhang Q H,et al.Numerical modelling of the quasi-global ocean circulation based on POM[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2004,16(5):537-543.
[15] Yuan Y L,Hua F,Pan Z D,et al.LAGFD-WAM numerical wave model-I.Basic physical model[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1991,10(4):483-488.
[16] 杨永增,乔方利,赵伟,等.球坐标系下MASNUM海浪数值模式的建立及其应用[J].海洋学报,2005,27(2):1-7.[Yang Yongzeng,Qiao Fangli,Zhao Wei,et al.MASNUM ocean wave numerical model in spherical coordinates and its application[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2005,27(2):1-7].
[17] Xia C S,Qiao F L,Yang Y Z,et al.Three-dimensional structure of the summertime circulation in the Yellow Sea from a wave-tide-circulation coupled model[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2006,111(C11):C11S03,doi:10.1029/2005JC003218.
[18] Qiao F L,Yuan Y L,Yang Y Z,et al.Wave-induced mixing in the upper ocean:Distribution and application to a global ocean circulation model[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31(11):L11303,doi:10.1029/2004GL019824.
[19] Lü X G,Qiao F L,Xia C S,et al.Upwelling and surface cold patches in the Yellow Sea in summer:Effects of tidal mixing on the vertical circulation[J].Continental Shelf Research,2010,30(6):620-632.
[20] 凌铁军,张蕴斐,杨学联,等.中尺度数值预报模式(MM5)在海面风场预报中的应用[J].海洋预报,2004,21(4):1-9.[Ling Tiejun,Zhang Yunfei,Yang Xuelian,et al.The application of MM5 model to predict sea surface wind field[J].Marine Forecasts,2004,21(4):1-9.]
[21] Liu J P,Li A C,Xu K H,et al.Sedimentary features of the Yangtze River-derived along-shelf clinoform deposit in the East China Sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,2006,26(17/18):2141-2156.
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[24] 刘世东,乔璐璐,李广雪,等,东海内陆架悬浮体输运、通量及季节变化,海洋与湖沼,2018,49(1):24-39.[Liu Shidong,Qiao Lulu,Li Guangxue,et al.Transprot and flux of suspended sediment and its seasonal variation over the inner shedlf of the East China Sea[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2018,49(1):24-39.]