具有快速动态响应的大功率脉冲负载电源设计与实现
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摘要
电流型脉冲负载一般呈宽频段、脉冲变化特性,该特性对供电系统的稳定性提出了更高的要求。当脉冲负载直接接入供电母线后,其负载瞬时功率与负载电流一样呈现脉冲特性,会引起母线电流波动过大的问题。为了平衡瞬时功率差,本文提出采用双向变换器来补偿由脉冲负载特性造成的母线电流波动过大的问题,解决脉冲负载与供电电源的适应性问题。提出一种基于电容电压谷值检测的自适应电流反馈控制方法,该方法适用于脉冲负载的频率和功率任意变化。通过建立其动力学模型,分析了参数设计对于变换器稳定性的影响。最后,制作一台实验样机,验证了所提出方案的可行性。
The current pulse load is generally characterized by wide frequency band and pulse variation,which demands higher stability of the power supply system. After the pulse load is directly connected to the power supply bus,the instantaneous power of its load presents the pulse characteristic as the load current,which causes the bus current fluctuation to be too large. In order to balance the instantaneous power difference,this paper proposes a bidirectional converter to compensate for the excessive current fluctuation of the bus caused by the pulse load characteristic,and to solve the problem of adaptability of pulse load and power supply. This paper proposes an adaptive current feedback control with capacitance voltage valley detection. This method can be applied to the case where both the pulse frequency and power of the load change arbitrarily. The influence of parameter design on the stability of the converter is analyzed by establishing its dynamic model. Finally,an experimental prototype is built to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme.
The current pulse load is generally characterized by wide frequency band and pulse variation,which demands higher stability of the power supply system. After the pulse load is directly connected to the power supply bus,the instantaneous power of its load presents the pulse characteristic as the load current,which causes the bus current fluctuation to be too large. In order to balance the instantaneous power difference,this paper proposes a bidirectional converter to compensate for the excessive current fluctuation of the bus caused by the pulse load characteristic,and to solve the problem of adaptability of pulse load and power supply. This paper proposes an adaptive current feedback control with capacitance voltage valley detection. This method can be applied to the case where both the pulse frequency and power of the load change arbitrarily. The influence of parameter design on the stability of the converter is analyzed by establishing its dynamic model. Finally,an experimental prototype is built to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme.
引文
[1]范原(Fan Yuan).脉冲负载直流变换器输出动态响应的研究(Research on output dynamic response of DC/DC converter with impulse load)[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学(Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology),2015.
[2]Xu X D,Ning J H.Research on the matching of switching power load and AC generator[J].Communication Power Technology,2014,31(4):28-30.
[3]吕闯(Lv Chuang).脉冲性负载研究现状与展望(Research status and prospect of pulsed load)[J].飞航导弹(Winged Missiles Journal),2017,1(9):70-73.
[4]戴咏喜,徐冲,刘以建(Dai Yongxi,Xu Chong,Liu Yijian).应用于脉冲负载的蓄电池和超级电容器混合储能的研究(Research on hybrid energy storage for pulse-loaded batteries and supercapacitors)[J].通信电源技术(Telecom Power Technologies),2011,28(4):12-14.
[5]周雒维,吴宁,郑步文,等(Zhou Luowei,Wu Ning,Zheng Buwen,et al.).一种适用于大功率脉冲负载的开关电源(A switching power supply suitable for high power pulse load)[J].电工技术杂志(Electrotechnical Journal),1998,(3):18-20.
[6]李岳(Li Yue).基于虚拟同步发电机的微电网控制策略的研究(Research on microgrid control strategy based on virtual synchronous generator)[D].合肥:安徽理工大学(Hefei:Anhui University of Science and Technology),2014.
[7]丁明,吴建峰,朱承治,等(Ding Ming,Wu Jianfeng,Zhu Chengzhi,et al.).具备荷电状态调节功能的储能系统实时平滑控制策略(Real-time smooth control strategy for energy storage system with SOC function)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2013,33(1):22-29.
[8]武伟,谢少军(Wu Wei,Xie Shaojun).基于MMC双向DC-DC变换器的超级电容储能系统控制策略分析与设计(The control strategy analysis and design of ultracapacitor energy storage system based on MMC bi-directional DC-DC converter)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2014,34(27):83-93.
[9]谢俊文,陆继明,毛承熊,等(Xie Junwen,Lu Jiming,Mao Chengxiong,et al.).基于变平滑时间常数的电池储能系统优化控制方法(Optimization control method of battery energy storage system based on variable smoothing time constant)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2014,38(1):96-102.
[10]李逢兵,谢开贵,张雪松,等(Li Fengbing,Xie Kaigui,Zhang Xuesong,et al.).基于寿命量化的混合储能系统协调控制参数优化(Optimization of coordinated control parameters for hybrid energy storage system based on lifetime quantization)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2014,38(1):1-5.
[11]王坤林,游亚戈,张亚群(Wang Kunlin,You Yage,Zhang Yaqun).海岛可再生独立能源电站能量管理系统(Island renewable independent energy power station energy management system)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2010,34(14):13-17.
[12]Tse C K,Poon N K.Nullor-based design of compensators for fast transient recovery of switching regulators[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I:Fundamental Theory and Applications,1995,42(9):667-675.
[13]Poon F N K,Tse C K,Liu C P.Very fast transient voltage regulator based on load correction[A].IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference[C].1999.1:66-71.
[14]Meyer E,Zhang Z,Liu Y F.Controlled auxiliary circuit with measured response for reduction of output voltage overshoot in Buck converters[A].2009 Twenty-Fourth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition[C].2009.1367-1373.
[15]Wen Y,Trescases O.DC-DC converter with digital adaptive slope control in auxiliary phase for optimal transient response and improved efficiency[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2012,27(7):3396-3409.
[16]佟德军(Tong Dejun).基于超级电容的双向变换能量存储系统的研究(Research on bidirectional conversion energy storage system based on ultracapacitor)[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学(Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology),2012.
[17]刘正春,王勇,尹志勇,等(Liu Zhengchun,Wang Yong,Yin Zhiyong,et al.).有限容量系统脉冲性负荷建模与仿真(Modeling and simulation of impulse loads in finite capacity systems)[J].华北电力大学学报(自然科学版)(Journal of North China Electric Power University(Natural Science Edition)),2014,41(1):33-37.
[18]侯世英,房勇,孙韬,等(Hou Shiying,Fang Yong,Sun Tao,et al.).混合储能系统在独立光伏发电系统功率平衡中的应用(Application of hybrid energy storage system in power balance of independent photovoltaic power generation system)[J].电网技术(Power System Technology),2011,35(5):183-187.
[19]欧阳少迪,刘进军(Ouyang Shaodi,Liu Jinjun).几种模块化多输出电力电子变压器拓扑的不平衡负载补偿能力比较(Comparison of several modular multi-output power electronic transformer topologies on unbalanced load compensation capability)[J].电工电能新技术(Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy),2017,36(5):11-20.
[20]康凯,徐伟东,徐蓉,等(Kang Kai,Xu Weidong,Xu Rong,et al.).不同初始温度下脉冲大电流直线电机驱动性能研究(Study on driving performance of high current linear motor with different initial temperature)[J].电工电能新技术(Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy),2018,37(11):72-78.
[21]Huang X Z,Ruan X B.High power and low voltage power supply for low frequency pulsed load[A].2017 IEEEApplied Power Electronics Conference&Exposition[C].2017.2859-2865.
[22]Huang X Z,Ruan X B.A pulsed power supply adopting active capacitor converter for low-voltage and low-frequency pulsed load[J].IEEE Transactions on Power E-lectronics,2018,33(11):9219-9230.
[23]汪莉丽,周宇飞,陈军宁,等(Wang Lili,Zhou Yufei,Chen Junning,et al.).DC-DC开关变换器的动力学模型及其分析方法研究(Study on the dynamical model and analytical methods for DC-DC switching converters)[J].电测与仪表(Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation),2006,43(5):51-55.
[24]Fossas E,Olivar G.Study of chaos in the Buck converter[J].IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems,1996,43(1):13-25.
[2]Xu X D,Ning J H.Research on the matching of switching power load and AC generator[J].Communication Power Technology,2014,31(4):28-30.
[3]吕闯(Lv Chuang).脉冲性负载研究现状与展望(Research status and prospect of pulsed load)[J].飞航导弹(Winged Missiles Journal),2017,1(9):70-73.
[4]戴咏喜,徐冲,刘以建(Dai Yongxi,Xu Chong,Liu Yijian).应用于脉冲负载的蓄电池和超级电容器混合储能的研究(Research on hybrid energy storage for pulse-loaded batteries and supercapacitors)[J].通信电源技术(Telecom Power Technologies),2011,28(4):12-14.
[5]周雒维,吴宁,郑步文,等(Zhou Luowei,Wu Ning,Zheng Buwen,et al.).一种适用于大功率脉冲负载的开关电源(A switching power supply suitable for high power pulse load)[J].电工技术杂志(Electrotechnical Journal),1998,(3):18-20.
[6]李岳(Li Yue).基于虚拟同步发电机的微电网控制策略的研究(Research on microgrid control strategy based on virtual synchronous generator)[D].合肥:安徽理工大学(Hefei:Anhui University of Science and Technology),2014.
[7]丁明,吴建峰,朱承治,等(Ding Ming,Wu Jianfeng,Zhu Chengzhi,et al.).具备荷电状态调节功能的储能系统实时平滑控制策略(Real-time smooth control strategy for energy storage system with SOC function)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2013,33(1):22-29.
[8]武伟,谢少军(Wu Wei,Xie Shaojun).基于MMC双向DC-DC变换器的超级电容储能系统控制策略分析与设计(The control strategy analysis and design of ultracapacitor energy storage system based on MMC bi-directional DC-DC converter)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2014,34(27):83-93.
[9]谢俊文,陆继明,毛承熊,等(Xie Junwen,Lu Jiming,Mao Chengxiong,et al.).基于变平滑时间常数的电池储能系统优化控制方法(Optimization control method of battery energy storage system based on variable smoothing time constant)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2014,38(1):96-102.
[10]李逢兵,谢开贵,张雪松,等(Li Fengbing,Xie Kaigui,Zhang Xuesong,et al.).基于寿命量化的混合储能系统协调控制参数优化(Optimization of coordinated control parameters for hybrid energy storage system based on lifetime quantization)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2014,38(1):1-5.
[11]王坤林,游亚戈,张亚群(Wang Kunlin,You Yage,Zhang Yaqun).海岛可再生独立能源电站能量管理系统(Island renewable independent energy power station energy management system)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2010,34(14):13-17.
[12]Tse C K,Poon N K.Nullor-based design of compensators for fast transient recovery of switching regulators[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I:Fundamental Theory and Applications,1995,42(9):667-675.
[13]Poon F N K,Tse C K,Liu C P.Very fast transient voltage regulator based on load correction[A].IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference[C].1999.1:66-71.
[14]Meyer E,Zhang Z,Liu Y F.Controlled auxiliary circuit with measured response for reduction of output voltage overshoot in Buck converters[A].2009 Twenty-Fourth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition[C].2009.1367-1373.
[15]Wen Y,Trescases O.DC-DC converter with digital adaptive slope control in auxiliary phase for optimal transient response and improved efficiency[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2012,27(7):3396-3409.
[16]佟德军(Tong Dejun).基于超级电容的双向变换能量存储系统的研究(Research on bidirectional conversion energy storage system based on ultracapacitor)[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学(Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology),2012.
[17]刘正春,王勇,尹志勇,等(Liu Zhengchun,Wang Yong,Yin Zhiyong,et al.).有限容量系统脉冲性负荷建模与仿真(Modeling and simulation of impulse loads in finite capacity systems)[J].华北电力大学学报(自然科学版)(Journal of North China Electric Power University(Natural Science Edition)),2014,41(1):33-37.
[18]侯世英,房勇,孙韬,等(Hou Shiying,Fang Yong,Sun Tao,et al.).混合储能系统在独立光伏发电系统功率平衡中的应用(Application of hybrid energy storage system in power balance of independent photovoltaic power generation system)[J].电网技术(Power System Technology),2011,35(5):183-187.
[19]欧阳少迪,刘进军(Ouyang Shaodi,Liu Jinjun).几种模块化多输出电力电子变压器拓扑的不平衡负载补偿能力比较(Comparison of several modular multi-output power electronic transformer topologies on unbalanced load compensation capability)[J].电工电能新技术(Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy),2017,36(5):11-20.
[20]康凯,徐伟东,徐蓉,等(Kang Kai,Xu Weidong,Xu Rong,et al.).不同初始温度下脉冲大电流直线电机驱动性能研究(Study on driving performance of high current linear motor with different initial temperature)[J].电工电能新技术(Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy),2018,37(11):72-78.
[21]Huang X Z,Ruan X B.High power and low voltage power supply for low frequency pulsed load[A].2017 IEEEApplied Power Electronics Conference&Exposition[C].2017.2859-2865.
[22]Huang X Z,Ruan X B.A pulsed power supply adopting active capacitor converter for low-voltage and low-frequency pulsed load[J].IEEE Transactions on Power E-lectronics,2018,33(11):9219-9230.
[23]汪莉丽,周宇飞,陈军宁,等(Wang Lili,Zhou Yufei,Chen Junning,et al.).DC-DC开关变换器的动力学模型及其分析方法研究(Study on the dynamical model and analytical methods for DC-DC switching converters)[J].电测与仪表(Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation),2006,43(5):51-55.
[24]Fossas E,Olivar G.Study of chaos in the Buck converter[J].IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems,1996,43(1):13-25.