U13组和U15组女子足球运动员下肢功能特征与运动表现的异同
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摘要
目的:处于生长高峰期的女子足球运动员的身体素质变化迅速,由于缺少有效的测试评价手段,教练员往往难以制定个性化体能发展计划。方法:选取山西体育职业学院U13组(42人)和U15组(23人)女子足球运动员,确保无疲劳情况下进行下肢功能力量(单脚跳、跨步跳和侧向跨步跳)特征和运动表现(反应力量指数、下肢刚度、20 m冲刺和T测试)测试。结果:U13和U15组在单脚跳、跨步跳、侧向跨步跳、反应力量指数(RSI)、下肢刚度、20 m冲刺均存在统计学差异(P<0.05),而在T测试(12.53±0.72)、(12.45±1.06)未见统计学差异。U13和U15组在单脚跳相对值(0.91±0.10)、(0.89±0.10),跨步跳相对值(0.99±0.08)、(0.98±0.08),侧向跨步跳相对值(1.01±0.09)、(0.98±0.07),均未见统计学差异(P>0.05)。两组单脚跳相对值均达到89%,而相对跨步跳成绩两组均未达到109%。结论:U13和U15组女足运动员加速能力(单脚跳/身高值)普遍超过89%,而减速能力(跨步跳/对侧单脚跳)均未达到109%;U15组女子足球运动员的下肢功能、20 m冲刺和RSI成绩均有显著提高,但T测试成绩改善并不明显。
Objectives:The physical fitness of female football players in PHV changes rapidly.Due to the lack of effective test and evaluation methods,coaches often find it difficult to formulate personalized fitness development plan.Methods:In this study,42 female football players(U13 group)and 23 female football players(U15 group) in PHV from Shanxi Institute of Physical Education were selected to test their functional strength of lower limbs(hop,bound and lateral bound) and performance(RSI,lower extremity stiffness,20 m sprint and T test) without fatigue.Results:There were significant differences between U13 and U15 groups in hop,bound,lateral bound,RSI,lower extremity stiffness and 20 m sprint(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in T test.There was no significant difference in the relative value of hop,bound and lateral bound(P>0.05) between U13 and U15 groups.The relative value of the two groups reached 89%,while the relative jump score of the two groups did not reach 109%.Conclusion:The acceleration ability(hop/height) of female football players was generally over 89%,and the deceleration ability(bound/opposite side hop)did not reach 109%;The lower limb functional strength,20 meter sprint and reaction strength index scores of female football players were significantly improved but the improvement of T test scores was not significant.
Objectives:The physical fitness of female football players in PHV changes rapidly.Due to the lack of effective test and evaluation methods,coaches often find it difficult to formulate personalized fitness development plan.Methods:In this study,42 female football players(U13 group)and 23 female football players(U15 group) in PHV from Shanxi Institute of Physical Education were selected to test their functional strength of lower limbs(hop,bound and lateral bound) and performance(RSI,lower extremity stiffness,20 m sprint and T test) without fatigue.Results:There were significant differences between U13 and U15 groups in hop,bound,lateral bound,RSI,lower extremity stiffness and 20 m sprint(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in T test.There was no significant difference in the relative value of hop,bound and lateral bound(P>0.05) between U13 and U15 groups.The relative value of the two groups reached 89%,while the relative jump score of the two groups did not reach 109%.Conclusion:The acceleration ability(hop/height) of female football players was generally over 89%,and the deceleration ability(bound/opposite side hop)did not reach 109%;The lower limb functional strength,20 meter sprint and reaction strength index scores of female football players were significantly improved but the improvement of T test scores was not significant.
引文
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[15]Drogset J.O.,Grntvedt T.,Tegnander A.Endoscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using bonepatellar tendon-bone grafts fixed with bioabsorbable or metal interference screws:a prospective randomized study of the clinical outcome[J].Am.J.Sports Med.,2005,33:1160-1165.
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[17]Henriksson M.,Rockborn P.,Good L.Range of motion training in brace vs.plaster immobilization after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction:a prospective randomized comparison with a 2-year follow-up[J].Scand.J.Med.Sci.Sports,2002,12:73-80.
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[19]Drogset J.O.,Grntvedt T.Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with and without a ligament augmentation device:results at 8-year follow-up[J].Am.J.Sports Med.,2002,30:851-856.
[20]Mller E.,Forssblad M.,Hansson L.,et al.Bracing versus nonbracing in rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction:a randomized prospective study with 2-year follow-up[J].Knee Surg.Sports Traumatol Arthrosc,2001,9:102-108.
[21]Paterno M.V.,Schmitt L.C.,Ford K.R.,et al.Biomechanical measures during landing and postural stability predict second anterior cruciate ligament injury after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and return to sport[J].Am.J.Sports Med.,2010,38(10):1968-1978.
[22]Roemer F.W.,Frobel I.R.,Hunter D.J.,et al.MRI-detectedsubchondral bone marrow signal alterations of the knee joint:terminology,imaging appearance,relevance and radiological differential diagnosis[J].Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2009,17(9):1115-1131.
[23]Johnson D.L.,Bealle D.P.,Brand J.C.,et al.The effect of a geographic lateral bone bruise on knee inflammation after acute anterior cruciate ligament rupture[J].Am.J.Sports Med.,2000,28(2):152-155.
[24]Gabbett T.J.,Kelly Jason N.,Sheppard J.M.Speed,Change of Direction Speed,and Reactive Agility of Rugby League Players[J].Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,2008,22(1):174-181.
[25]Melrose D.R.,Spaniol F.J.,Bohling M.E.,et al.Physiological and performance characteristics of adolescent club volleyball players[J].J.Strength Cond.Res.,2007,21:481-486.
[26]Miller M.G.,Herniman J.J.,Ricard M.D.,et al.The effect of a 6-week plyometric training program on agility[J].J.Sports Sci.Med.,2006,5:459-465.
[27]Peterson M.D.,Alvar B.A.,Rhea M.R.The contribution of maximal force production to explosive movement among young collegiate athletes[J].J.Strength Cond.Res.,2006,20:867-873.
[28]Elizabeth C.,Pruyn M.L.Watsford A.J.Murphy.Differences in Lower-Body Stiffness between Levels of Netball Competition[J].Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.2015,29(5):1197-1202.
[29]Bret C.,Rahmani A.,Dufour A.B.,et al.Leg strength and stiffness as ability factors in 100 m sprint running[J].J.Sports Med.Phys.Fitness,2002,42:274-281.
[2]O.Farmer,S.Belton,W.O’Brien.The Relationship between Actual Fundamental Motor Skill Proficiency,Perceived Motor Skill Confidence and Competence,and Physical Activity in 8-12-Year-Old Irish Female Youth[J].Sports,2017,5(4):74.
[3]Gil S.M.,Gil J.,Ruiz F.,Irazusta A.,et al.Physiological and anthropometric characteristics of young soccer players according to their playing position:relevance for the selection process[J].J.Strength Cond.Res.,2007,21(2):438-445.
[4]J.D.Goodway,H.Crowe,P.Ward.Effects of motor skill instruction on fundamental motor skill development[J].Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly,2003,20(3):298-314.
[5]Stephen J.A.,IAN B.H.The Presence of Bilateral Imbalance of the Lower Limbs in Elite Youth Soccer Players[J].Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,2013,30(4):1007-1013.
[6]Michael Boyle.Advances in Functional Training:Training Techniques for Coaches,Personal Trainers and Athletes[M].On Target Publications,2010.
[7]Reiman P.R.,Robert C.M.Functional Testing in Human Pererformance[M].Human Kinetic,2009:192-193.
[8]Peschning R.The Relationship between isokinetic quadriceps strength test and hop tests for distance and one-legged vertical jump test following anterior cruciate liga ment reconstruction[J].J.Orthop.Sports Phys.Ther.,1998,28(1):23-31.
[9]Barber S.D.,Noyes F.R.,Mangine R.E.,et al.Quantitative assessment of functional limitations innormal and anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees[J].Clin.Orthop.Relat.Res.1990,255:204-214.
[10]Ross M.D.,Langford B.,Whelan P.J.Test-retest reliability of 4 single-leg horizontal hopctests[J].J.Strength Cond.Res.2002,16:617-622.
[11]De Jong S.N.,Van Caspel D.R.,Van Haeff M.J.,et al.Functional assessment and muscle strength before and after reconstruction of chronic anterior cruciate ligament lesions[J].Arthroscopy,2007,23:21-28.
[12]Karasel S.,Akpinar B.,Gulbahar S.,et al.Clinical and functional outcomes and proprioception after a modified accelerated rehabilitation program following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon autograft[J].Acta.Orthop.Traumatol.Turc.,2010,44:220-228.
[13]Donald V.F.Neuromuscular Training to Prevent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in the Female Athlete[J].Strength and Conditioning Journal,2006,28(5):44-54.
[14]G.Cook,L.Burton,K.Kiesel,et al.Movement:functional movement systems:screening,assessment,and corrective strategies[M].On Target Publications Aptos,CA,2010.
[15]Drogset J.O.,Grntvedt T.,Tegnander A.Endoscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using bonepatellar tendon-bone grafts fixed with bioabsorbable or metal interference screws:a prospective randomized study of the clinical outcome[J].Am.J.Sports Med.,2005,33:1160-1165.
[16]Drogset J.O.,Grntvedt T.Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with and without a ligament augmentation device:results at 8-year follow-up[J].Am.J.Sports Med.,2002,30:851-856.
[17]Henriksson M.,Rockborn P.,Good L.Range of motion training in brace vs.plaster immobilization after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction:a prospective randomized comparison with a 2-year follow-up[J].Scand.J.Med.Sci.Sports,2002,12:73-80.
[18]Drogset J.O.,Grntvedt T.,Tegnander A.Endoscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using bonepatellar tendon-bone grafts fixed with bioabsorbable or metal interference screws:a prospective randomized study of the clinical outcome[J].Am.J.Sports Med.,2005,33:1160-1165.
[19]Drogset J.O.,Grntvedt T.Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with and without a ligament augmentation device:results at 8-year follow-up[J].Am.J.Sports Med.,2002,30:851-856.
[20]Mller E.,Forssblad M.,Hansson L.,et al.Bracing versus nonbracing in rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction:a randomized prospective study with 2-year follow-up[J].Knee Surg.Sports Traumatol Arthrosc,2001,9:102-108.
[21]Paterno M.V.,Schmitt L.C.,Ford K.R.,et al.Biomechanical measures during landing and postural stability predict second anterior cruciate ligament injury after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and return to sport[J].Am.J.Sports Med.,2010,38(10):1968-1978.
[22]Roemer F.W.,Frobel I.R.,Hunter D.J.,et al.MRI-detectedsubchondral bone marrow signal alterations of the knee joint:terminology,imaging appearance,relevance and radiological differential diagnosis[J].Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2009,17(9):1115-1131.
[23]Johnson D.L.,Bealle D.P.,Brand J.C.,et al.The effect of a geographic lateral bone bruise on knee inflammation after acute anterior cruciate ligament rupture[J].Am.J.Sports Med.,2000,28(2):152-155.
[24]Gabbett T.J.,Kelly Jason N.,Sheppard J.M.Speed,Change of Direction Speed,and Reactive Agility of Rugby League Players[J].Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,2008,22(1):174-181.
[25]Melrose D.R.,Spaniol F.J.,Bohling M.E.,et al.Physiological and performance characteristics of adolescent club volleyball players[J].J.Strength Cond.Res.,2007,21:481-486.
[26]Miller M.G.,Herniman J.J.,Ricard M.D.,et al.The effect of a 6-week plyometric training program on agility[J].J.Sports Sci.Med.,2006,5:459-465.
[27]Peterson M.D.,Alvar B.A.,Rhea M.R.The contribution of maximal force production to explosive movement among young collegiate athletes[J].J.Strength Cond.Res.,2006,20:867-873.
[28]Elizabeth C.,Pruyn M.L.Watsford A.J.Murphy.Differences in Lower-Body Stiffness between Levels of Netball Competition[J].Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.2015,29(5):1197-1202.
[29]Bret C.,Rahmani A.,Dufour A.B.,et al.Leg strength and stiffness as ability factors in 100 m sprint running[J].J.Sports Med.Phys.Fitness,2002,42:274-281.