聚酰亚胺膜的功能化及成膜过程中影响因素分析
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摘要
膜分离技术以其高效节能的优势,己广泛应用于生产生活的各个领域,是解决目前能源危机和环境恶化问题的有效手段。理想的膜材料要同时具有较高的渗透性和较强的分离选择性,大量研究表明聚酰亚胺膜的综合性能突出,是制备气体分离膜的首选材料,但是由于其结构中含有极性较强的酰亚胺基团,分子链中含有苯环或芳杂环,不利于分离膜的制备和小分子物质的通过导致膜的渗透通量不高,因此需要对聚酰亚胺膜进行功能化改性来满足工业化应用的要求。介绍了聚酰亚胺膜功能化的主要手段,探讨聚酰亚胺膜成膜过程中的影响因素,展望未来聚酰亚胺膜的研究方向,为合成性能优异的聚酰亚胺膜提供理论基础。
Membrane separation technology has high-performance and energy saving,and was widely used in various fields of production and life.It is an effective means to relieve the current energy crisis and environmental degradation problems.Ideal membrane materials had both high permeability and strong separation selectivity.Numerous studies showed that the overall performance of film to highlight,and was the preferred material for the preparation of gas separation membranes.However,its structure contained polar imide group,and the molecular chain had benzene ring or aromatic heterocycle.It was unfavorable for the preparing of membrane.The small molecules were difficult to pass through the membrane.So the permeation flux of membrane was not high.The functionalization of membranes was must studied to meet the requirements of industrial applications.The primary means of functionalization of membranes and the factors in the formation process were introduced.In addition,the future direction of membranes was predicted.The theoretical basis for the synthesis of high performance polyimide film was provided.
Membrane separation technology has high-performance and energy saving,and was widely used in various fields of production and life.It is an effective means to relieve the current energy crisis and environmental degradation problems.Ideal membrane materials had both high permeability and strong separation selectivity.Numerous studies showed that the overall performance of film to highlight,and was the preferred material for the preparation of gas separation membranes.However,its structure contained polar imide group,and the molecular chain had benzene ring or aromatic heterocycle.It was unfavorable for the preparing of membrane.The small molecules were difficult to pass through the membrane.So the permeation flux of membrane was not high.The functionalization of membranes was must studied to meet the requirements of industrial applications.The primary means of functionalization of membranes and the factors in the formation process were introduced.In addition,the future direction of membranes was predicted.The theoretical basis for the synthesis of high performance polyimide film was provided.
引文
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[2]Na L Y,Hua R N,Ning G L,et al.Nano/Micro HKUST-1fabricated by coordination modulation method at room temperature[J].Chemical Research in Chinese Universities,2012,28(4):555-558.
[3]秦琳,李继定,郑冬菊.新型侧链型聚酰亚胺膜的制备及其渗透汽化分离性能[J].化工学报,2013,64(2):592-599.
[4]韩文松.聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅杂化薄膜的制备与性能研究[J].陕西理工学院学报,2014,30(2):5-9.
[5]姚磊,殷景华,金荣,等.聚酰亚胺/Al2O3纳米复合薄膜性能的研究[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2014,19(3):35-39.
[6]李传峰,钟顺和.溶胶-凝胶法合成聚酰亚胺二氧化钛杂化膜[J].高分子学报,2002(3):326-330.
[7]王同华,呼立红,刘庆岭,等.预氧化处理对聚醚酰亚胺基炭膜结构与气体分离性能的影响[J].新型炭材料,2008,23(3):264-268.
[8]杨洋.一种可溶可融聚醚酰亚胺的合成与表征[D].成都:四川大学,2007.
[9]Unterlass M M,Emmerling F,Antonietti M,et al.From dense monomer salt crystals to CO2selective microporous polyimides via solid-state polymerization[J].Chemical Communications,2014,50(4):430-432.
[10]Zhuang J L,Ceglarek D,Pethuraj S,et al.Rapid room-temperature synthesis of metal-organic framework HKUST-1crystals in bulk and as oriented and patterned thin films[J].Advanced Functional Materials,2011,21(8):1442-1447.
[11]张鑫巍.新型聚酰亚胺膜材料的合成及其交联方法研究[D].大连:中国科学院大连物理化学研究所,2001.
[12]Itta A K,Tseng H H.Hydrogen separation performance of CMS membranes derived from the imide-functional group of two similar types of precursors[J].Fuel&Energy Abstracts,2011,36(14):8645-8657.
[13]蒋春艳,张爱清,张煜华.聚酰亚胺/钌纳米簇杂化膜的制备与性能研究[J].功能材料,2013,44(24):3629-3633.