葡萄酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的研究进展
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摘要
氨基甲酸乙酯是一种广泛存在于葡萄酒等发酵食品中的致癌物质,具有致突变性、多位点致癌性以及免疫抑制性和心率抑制性。本文对葡萄酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的危害、国际限量标准、质量浓度变化、形成机制、影响因素及调控消除手段进行了系统综述,以期为提高我国葡萄酒安全性提供科学依据。
Ethyl carbamate(EC), a carcinogen commonly found in wine and other fermented foods, has mutagenicity,multisite carcinogenicity, immunosuppressing and heart rate inhibitory activity. This article presents a systematic review of the health hazards and formation mechanism of EC in wine, worldwide maximum residue limits for it as well as changes in its concentration during wine storage, the factors affecting it and regulatory strategies to reduce and even eliminate it. With this review, we hope to provide a scienti?c basis for improving the safety of wines in China.
Ethyl carbamate(EC), a carcinogen commonly found in wine and other fermented foods, has mutagenicity,multisite carcinogenicity, immunosuppressing and heart rate inhibitory activity. This article presents a systematic review of the health hazards and formation mechanism of EC in wine, worldwide maximum residue limits for it as well as changes in its concentration during wine storage, the factors affecting it and regulatory strategies to reduce and even eliminate it. With this review, we hope to provide a scienti?c basis for improving the safety of wines in China.
引文
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[15]WEBER J V,SHARYPOV V I.Ethyl carbamate in foods and beverages:a review[J].Environmental Chemistry Letters,2009,7(3):233-247.DOI:10.1007/s10311-008-0168-8.
[16]PARK K,LIEM A,STEWART B C,et al.Vinyl carbamate epoxide,a major strong electrophilic,mutagenic and carcinogenic metabolite of vinyl carbamate and ethyl carbamate(urethane)[J].Carcinogenesis,1993,14(3):441-450.DOI:10.1093/carcin/14.3.441.
[17]SAKANO K,OIKAWA S,HIRAKU Y,et al.Metabolism of carcinogenic urethane to nitric oxide is involved in oxidative DNAdamage[J].Free Radical Biology and Medicine,2002,33(5):703-714.DOI:10.1016/S0891-5849(02)00969-3.
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[19]STEVENS D F,OUGH C S.Ethyl carbamate formation:reaction of urea and citrulline with ethanol in wine under low to normal temperature conditions[J].American Journal of Enology and Viticulture,1993,44(3):309-312.
[20]ZIMMERLI B,SCHLATTER J.Ethyl carbamate:analytical methodology,occurrence,formation,biological activity and risk assessment[J].Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology,1991,259(3/4):325-350.DOI:10.1016/0165-1218(91)90126-7.
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