再论岩土工程有限元方法的应用问题
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摘要
岩土工程数值分析方法对于研究复杂的岩土介质与多变的施工措施是一种得力的方法,比传统的解析方法、室内试验方法、模拟试验方法、现场试验方法等具有无可替代的优越性。按岩土工程数值方法的历史发展、作用及发展方向,将其分为4个层次:作为一种高级计算器,直接为某个具体岩土工程的设计服务,对该岩土工程在各种极端设计工况下进行安全性、稳定性的计算分析;作为一种强大的、无与伦比的模拟分析器,对复杂工况条件下复杂岩土工程的各种不利因素的相互作用、相互影响、耦合效应等进行模拟分析;作为一种无成本、可重复的多功能试验机,探索具体岩土工程的稳定机制或某工程措施的加固机制;作为岩土工程数值方法的终极目标,对数值分析方法进行二次开发——研发智能化、快速化、简便化的新型数值分析工具。对这4个层次进行了讨论,并对每个层次进行举例说明。
The geotechnical engineering numerical analysis method is a powerful method for researching and analyzing complex geotechnical media and variable construction measures. It has irreplaceable advantages over traditional analytical methods, indoor test methods, simulation test methods and field test methods. According to the historical development, function and development trend of geotechnical engineering numerical methods, the numerical analysis can be divided into four levels: a high-level calculator,which directly contributes to the design of a specific geotechnical engineering, and calculates and analyzes the safety and stability of the geotechnical engineering project under various extreme design conditions; a powerful and unparalleled analog analyzer, which can simulate and analyze the interactions and coupling effects of various unfavorable factors in complex geotechnical engineering projects under complex working conditions; a cost-free and repeatable multi-functional testing machine, which can explore the stability mechanism of a specific geotechnical engineering project or the reinforcement mechanism of a certain engineering measure;the ultimate goal of the numerical analysis is to re-develop the numerical analysis method——to develop a new numerical analysis tool which is intelligent, fast and simple. This article discusses these four levels and gives examples of each level.
The geotechnical engineering numerical analysis method is a powerful method for researching and analyzing complex geotechnical media and variable construction measures. It has irreplaceable advantages over traditional analytical methods, indoor test methods, simulation test methods and field test methods. According to the historical development, function and development trend of geotechnical engineering numerical methods, the numerical analysis can be divided into four levels: a high-level calculator,which directly contributes to the design of a specific geotechnical engineering, and calculates and analyzes the safety and stability of the geotechnical engineering project under various extreme design conditions; a powerful and unparalleled analog analyzer, which can simulate and analyze the interactions and coupling effects of various unfavorable factors in complex geotechnical engineering projects under complex working conditions; a cost-free and repeatable multi-functional testing machine, which can explore the stability mechanism of a specific geotechnical engineering project or the reinforcement mechanism of a certain engineering measure;the ultimate goal of the numerical analysis is to re-develop the numerical analysis method——to develop a new numerical analysis tool which is intelligent, fast and simple. This article discusses these four levels and gives examples of each level.
引文
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[4]姚显春.高温差下隧洞围岩衬砌结构热应力特性研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2013.YAO Xian-chun.Research on thermal stress characteristics of tunnel lining structure in high temperature difference[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology,2013.
[5]曲星.高岩温引水隧洞温度场、应力场耦合机理及支护结构设计原则研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2014.QU Xing.Research on TM coupling mechanism and supporting structure design principles of diversion tunnels in high geo-temperature region[D].Xi’an:Xi’an university of technology,2014.
[6]李宁,何敏,张鹏,等.锦屏一级电站左岸边坡稳定性分析[C]//第九届全国岩石力学与工程学术大会论文集.北京:科学出版社,2006:428-434.LI Ning,HE Min,ZHANG Peng,et al.Analysis of Jinping hydropower station left bank slope stability[C]//Proceedings of the 9th National Symposium on Rock Mechanics and Engineering.Beijing:The Science Publishing Company,2006:428-434.
[7]李宁,张鹏,于冲,等.锦屏左岸拱肩槽边坡稳定性及预应力锚索加固措施研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):36-43.LI Ning,ZHANG Peng,YU Chong,et al.Research on stability of left abutment slope of Jinping hydropower station and reinforcement measurements of prestressed anchorage cable[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):36-43.
[8]LI Ning,YAO Xian-chun,QU Xing,et al.Strengthening treatment and analysis for the left bank abutment of Jinping Arch Dam[J].Geomechanics and Tunnelling,2012,5:497-502.
[9]李宁,陈波,陈飞熊.寒区复合地基温度场、水分场与变形场三场耦合模型[J].土木工程学报,2003,36(10):66-71.LI Ning,CHEN Bo,CHEN Fei-xiong.Heatmoisture-deformation coupled model for composite foundation in cold zone[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2003,36(10):66-71.
[10]李宁,徐彬,陈飞熊.冻土路基温度场、变形场和应力场的偶合分析[J].中国公路学报,2006,19(3):1-7.LI Ning,XU Bin,CHEN Fei-xiong.Coupling analysis of temperature,deformation and stress field for frozen soil roadbed[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2006,19(3):1-7.
[11]李宁,陈波,党发宁.裂隙岩体介质温度、渗流、变形耦合模型与有限元解析[J].自然科学进展,2000,10(8):722-728.LI Ning,CHEN Bo,DANG Fa-ning.Coupled model and finite element analysis of temperature,seepage and deformation in fractured rock mass[J].Progress in Natural Science,2000,10(8):722-728.
[12]陈飞熊,李宁,程国栋.饱和正冻土多孔多相介质的理论构架[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(2):213-217.CHEN Fei-xiong,LI Ning,CHENG Guo-dong.The theoretical frame of multi-phase porous medium for the freezing soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(2):213-217.
[13]姚显春,李宁,张承客.锦屏水电站左岸拱间槽坡内洞室开挖对边坡稳定的影响分析[J].西安理工大学学报,2012,28(3):278-283.YAO Xiao-chun,LI Ning,ZHANG Cheng-ke.An analysis of effect of inner cavern excavation in left bank trench slopes between aches upon side slope stability at Jinping hydropower station[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Technology,2012,28(3):278-283.
[14]李宁,赵彦辉,韩烜.单锚的力学模型与数值仿真试验分析[J].西安理工大学学报,1997,13(1):6-11.LI Ning,ZHAO Yan-hui,HAN Xuan.An analysis of single-bolt mechanical model and numerical simulation test[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Technology,1997,13(1):6-11.
[15]李宁,韩烜,陈飞熊.群锚加固机理与效果数值仿真试验研究[J].西安理工大学学报,1997,13(2):104-109.LI Ning,HAN Xuan,CHEN Fei-xiong.The numerical model test for pre-stress bolt strengthening mechanism and effect[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Technology,1997,13(2):104-109.
[16]李宁,赵彦辉,韩煊,等.群锚对断层的加固机理分析及工程应用[J].西安理工大学学报,1997,26(1):36-43.LI Ning,ZHAO Yan-hui,HAN Xuan,et al.An analysis of strengthening mechanism of the pre-stressed multi-bolts and its application to engineering[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Technology,1997,26(1):36-43.
[17]李宁,韩煊,陈飞熊,等.预应力群锚加固机理数值试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(5):60-66.LI Ning,HAN Xuan,CHEN Fei-xiong,et al.Numerical test study on strengthening mechanism of prestressed anchor group[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1997,19(5):60-66.
[18]SU Bo,LI Ning,QUAN Xiao-juan.The numerical study on the ventilated embankment in permafrost regions in Qinghai-Tibet railway[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2004,38:229-238.
[19]常斌,李宁,苏波.通风管路基温度场神经网络预测模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(24):4131-4136.CHANG Bin,LI Ning,SU Bo.An predictive model for predicting temperature field evolvement within ventiduct roadbed[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(24):4131-4136.
[20]李宁,苏波,全晓娟,等.冻土通风管路基的温度场分析与设计原则探讨[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(2):81-86.LI Ning,SU Bo,QUAN Xiao-juan,et al.Approach on temperature field analysis and design principle of bed for ventilating pipeline in frozen soil[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2005,38(2):81-86.
[21]毕贵权.沿海地区地铁隧道水平冻结法施工中的几个关键问题研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2010.BI Gui-quan.Study on Several Key Issues of Horizontal Artificial Ground Freezing Applied in Construction of Subway Tunnel in the Coastal Regions[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology,2010.
[22]穆彦虎,李宁,李国玉,等.地铁超长水平冻结法冻结壁形成特性研究[J].冰川冻土,2009,31(2):377-383.MU Yan-hu,LI Ning,LI Guo-yu,et al.Study on the formation characteristics of frozen wall in subway super long horizontal freezing method[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2009,31(2):377-383.
[23]陈飞熊,李宁,魏俊鸿,等.软弱围岩中隧洞衬砌裂缝机理分析[J].水力发电学报,2000(4):72-78.CHEN Fei-xiong,LI Ning,WEI Jun-hong,et al.Analysis on the mechanism of tunnel lining crack in soft rock[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2000(4):72-78.
[24]李宁,陈飞熊,姜福基,等.膨胀流变性围岩隧洞预制钢筋混凝土衬砌稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6):731-735.LI Ning,CHEN Fei-xiong,JIANG Fu-ji,et al.Stability analysis of precast reinforced concrete lining in the tunnel of expansive rheology surrounding rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(6):731-735.
[25]李宁,马玉扩,孙静.引水洞衬砌裂缝的影响及灌浆处理仿真分析[J].岩土力学,2001,22(2):163-166.LI Ning,MA Yu-kuo,SUN Jing.Simulating analysis on the effect of cracks in lining and grouting treatment in a tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001,22(2):163-166.
[26]陈飞熊.饱和正冻土温度场、水分场和变形场的三场耦合理论构架[D].西安:西安理工大学,2001.CHNE Fei-xiong.The fully coupled modeling of the thermal-moisture-deformation behavior for the saturated freezing soils[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology,2001.
[27]李宁,陈飞熊,魏俊鸿,等.膨胀流变性围岩隧洞预制钢筋混凝土衬砌稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6):731-735.LI Ning,CHEN Fei-xiong,WEI Jun-hong,et al.Numerical test study on strengthening mechanism of prestressed anchor group[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1997,19(5):60-66.
[28]李宁,刘乃飞,张承客,等.复杂地质中城门洞型隧洞围岩稳定性快速分析与设计方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(7):1435-1443.LI Ning,LIU Nai-fei,ZHANG Cheng-ke,et al.Fast analysis and design methods for stability of city gate tunnels under complicated geological conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(7):1435-1443.
[2]李宁,陈飞熊.饱和土体固-液两相介质动力耦合问题有限元解析[J].西安公路交通大学学报,1999,19(4):6-10.LI Ning,CHEN Fei-xiong.FEM modeling of dynamic consolidation and liquefaction in the saturated soil[J].Journal of Xi’an University(Natural Science Edition),1999,19(4):6-10.
[3]柳厚祥,李宁,廖雪,等.考虑应力场与渗流场耦合的尾矿坝非稳定性渗流分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(17):2870-2875.LIU Hou-xiang,LI Ning,LIAO Xue,et al.Unsteady seepage analysis of tailings dams considering coupling of stress and seepage fields[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(17):2870-2875.
[4]姚显春.高温差下隧洞围岩衬砌结构热应力特性研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2013.YAO Xian-chun.Research on thermal stress characteristics of tunnel lining structure in high temperature difference[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology,2013.
[5]曲星.高岩温引水隧洞温度场、应力场耦合机理及支护结构设计原则研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2014.QU Xing.Research on TM coupling mechanism and supporting structure design principles of diversion tunnels in high geo-temperature region[D].Xi’an:Xi’an university of technology,2014.
[6]李宁,何敏,张鹏,等.锦屏一级电站左岸边坡稳定性分析[C]//第九届全国岩石力学与工程学术大会论文集.北京:科学出版社,2006:428-434.LI Ning,HE Min,ZHANG Peng,et al.Analysis of Jinping hydropower station left bank slope stability[C]//Proceedings of the 9th National Symposium on Rock Mechanics and Engineering.Beijing:The Science Publishing Company,2006:428-434.
[7]李宁,张鹏,于冲,等.锦屏左岸拱肩槽边坡稳定性及预应力锚索加固措施研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):36-43.LI Ning,ZHANG Peng,YU Chong,et al.Research on stability of left abutment slope of Jinping hydropower station and reinforcement measurements of prestressed anchorage cable[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):36-43.
[8]LI Ning,YAO Xian-chun,QU Xing,et al.Strengthening treatment and analysis for the left bank abutment of Jinping Arch Dam[J].Geomechanics and Tunnelling,2012,5:497-502.
[9]李宁,陈波,陈飞熊.寒区复合地基温度场、水分场与变形场三场耦合模型[J].土木工程学报,2003,36(10):66-71.LI Ning,CHEN Bo,CHEN Fei-xiong.Heatmoisture-deformation coupled model for composite foundation in cold zone[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2003,36(10):66-71.
[10]李宁,徐彬,陈飞熊.冻土路基温度场、变形场和应力场的偶合分析[J].中国公路学报,2006,19(3):1-7.LI Ning,XU Bin,CHEN Fei-xiong.Coupling analysis of temperature,deformation and stress field for frozen soil roadbed[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2006,19(3):1-7.
[11]李宁,陈波,党发宁.裂隙岩体介质温度、渗流、变形耦合模型与有限元解析[J].自然科学进展,2000,10(8):722-728.LI Ning,CHEN Bo,DANG Fa-ning.Coupled model and finite element analysis of temperature,seepage and deformation in fractured rock mass[J].Progress in Natural Science,2000,10(8):722-728.
[12]陈飞熊,李宁,程国栋.饱和正冻土多孔多相介质的理论构架[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(2):213-217.CHEN Fei-xiong,LI Ning,CHENG Guo-dong.The theoretical frame of multi-phase porous medium for the freezing soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(2):213-217.
[13]姚显春,李宁,张承客.锦屏水电站左岸拱间槽坡内洞室开挖对边坡稳定的影响分析[J].西安理工大学学报,2012,28(3):278-283.YAO Xiao-chun,LI Ning,ZHANG Cheng-ke.An analysis of effect of inner cavern excavation in left bank trench slopes between aches upon side slope stability at Jinping hydropower station[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Technology,2012,28(3):278-283.
[14]李宁,赵彦辉,韩烜.单锚的力学模型与数值仿真试验分析[J].西安理工大学学报,1997,13(1):6-11.LI Ning,ZHAO Yan-hui,HAN Xuan.An analysis of single-bolt mechanical model and numerical simulation test[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Technology,1997,13(1):6-11.
[15]李宁,韩烜,陈飞熊.群锚加固机理与效果数值仿真试验研究[J].西安理工大学学报,1997,13(2):104-109.LI Ning,HAN Xuan,CHEN Fei-xiong.The numerical model test for pre-stress bolt strengthening mechanism and effect[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Technology,1997,13(2):104-109.
[16]李宁,赵彦辉,韩煊,等.群锚对断层的加固机理分析及工程应用[J].西安理工大学学报,1997,26(1):36-43.LI Ning,ZHAO Yan-hui,HAN Xuan,et al.An analysis of strengthening mechanism of the pre-stressed multi-bolts and its application to engineering[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Technology,1997,26(1):36-43.
[17]李宁,韩煊,陈飞熊,等.预应力群锚加固机理数值试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(5):60-66.LI Ning,HAN Xuan,CHEN Fei-xiong,et al.Numerical test study on strengthening mechanism of prestressed anchor group[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1997,19(5):60-66.
[18]SU Bo,LI Ning,QUAN Xiao-juan.The numerical study on the ventilated embankment in permafrost regions in Qinghai-Tibet railway[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2004,38:229-238.
[19]常斌,李宁,苏波.通风管路基温度场神经网络预测模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(24):4131-4136.CHANG Bin,LI Ning,SU Bo.An predictive model for predicting temperature field evolvement within ventiduct roadbed[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(24):4131-4136.
[20]李宁,苏波,全晓娟,等.冻土通风管路基的温度场分析与设计原则探讨[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(2):81-86.LI Ning,SU Bo,QUAN Xiao-juan,et al.Approach on temperature field analysis and design principle of bed for ventilating pipeline in frozen soil[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2005,38(2):81-86.
[21]毕贵权.沿海地区地铁隧道水平冻结法施工中的几个关键问题研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2010.BI Gui-quan.Study on Several Key Issues of Horizontal Artificial Ground Freezing Applied in Construction of Subway Tunnel in the Coastal Regions[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology,2010.
[22]穆彦虎,李宁,李国玉,等.地铁超长水平冻结法冻结壁形成特性研究[J].冰川冻土,2009,31(2):377-383.MU Yan-hu,LI Ning,LI Guo-yu,et al.Study on the formation characteristics of frozen wall in subway super long horizontal freezing method[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2009,31(2):377-383.
[23]陈飞熊,李宁,魏俊鸿,等.软弱围岩中隧洞衬砌裂缝机理分析[J].水力发电学报,2000(4):72-78.CHEN Fei-xiong,LI Ning,WEI Jun-hong,et al.Analysis on the mechanism of tunnel lining crack in soft rock[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2000(4):72-78.
[24]李宁,陈飞熊,姜福基,等.膨胀流变性围岩隧洞预制钢筋混凝土衬砌稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6):731-735.LI Ning,CHEN Fei-xiong,JIANG Fu-ji,et al.Stability analysis of precast reinforced concrete lining in the tunnel of expansive rheology surrounding rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(6):731-735.
[25]李宁,马玉扩,孙静.引水洞衬砌裂缝的影响及灌浆处理仿真分析[J].岩土力学,2001,22(2):163-166.LI Ning,MA Yu-kuo,SUN Jing.Simulating analysis on the effect of cracks in lining and grouting treatment in a tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001,22(2):163-166.
[26]陈飞熊.饱和正冻土温度场、水分场和变形场的三场耦合理论构架[D].西安:西安理工大学,2001.CHNE Fei-xiong.The fully coupled modeling of the thermal-moisture-deformation behavior for the saturated freezing soils[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology,2001.
[27]李宁,陈飞熊,魏俊鸿,等.膨胀流变性围岩隧洞预制钢筋混凝土衬砌稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6):731-735.LI Ning,CHEN Fei-xiong,WEI Jun-hong,et al.Numerical test study on strengthening mechanism of prestressed anchor group[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1997,19(5):60-66.
[28]李宁,刘乃飞,张承客,等.复杂地质中城门洞型隧洞围岩稳定性快速分析与设计方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(7):1435-1443.LI Ning,LIU Nai-fei,ZHANG Cheng-ke,et al.Fast analysis and design methods for stability of city gate tunnels under complicated geological conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(7):1435-1443.