社会认知社群性维度的认知加工优势:来自ERP研究的证据
|
摘要
社群性和能动性是社会认知的两个基本维度,社群性信息为判断他人意图和行为提供了主要线索,在社会判断中具有识别优势,此优势具有广泛的认知加工证据和行为效应。然而有关研究尚未明确此优先效应是否出现于语义加工阶段。本研究采用事件相关电位技术(ERP),使用真假词识别和褒贬判断两个任务探讨社群性信息在语义认知加工阶段的优势。结果表明:社群性和能动性词在语义加工阶段存在差异,识别和褒贬分类差异均表现在ERP的N400成分上。词汇识别任务中社群性词在300～500ms时间窗口诱发的ERP具有更长的潜伏期,褒贬判断任务中能动性词比社群性词在350～500ms时间窗口诱发了更为负向的ERP成分,表明社群性的认知加工反应优势可能出现在对语义进行深入加工的阶段。
Previous research on social judgment has organized person descriptive terms into two fundamental dimensions:communion and agency. The communion dimension refers to other-profitable characteristics,while agency refers to self-profitable ones. It has been shown that communal information is preferentially processed over agency information in earlier stages of information processing( recognition and categorization). There is no data to show if the processing advantage appears at the level of semantic processing. The current study included two tasks. In the first,we asked participants to indicate( recognize) whether the presented Chinese characters were words or non-words. And in the second task,they were asked to categorize communal and agentic words as positive or negative in valence. We examined the temporal characteristics of recognition and categorizing processes using a high temporal resolution ERP technique. When categorizing in terms of valence,participants exhibited larger N400 amplitudes for agentic than communal words,which is in line with the faster processing and cognitive advantage of communal information. However,the N400 latency evoked by communal words was significantly longer during the recognition task,which is inconsistent with the expected processing advantage of communal information. Together the findings suggest that the preferential processing of communal information may appear on the deep semantic processing stage.
Previous research on social judgment has organized person descriptive terms into two fundamental dimensions:communion and agency. The communion dimension refers to other-profitable characteristics,while agency refers to self-profitable ones. It has been shown that communal information is preferentially processed over agency information in earlier stages of information processing( recognition and categorization). There is no data to show if the processing advantage appears at the level of semantic processing. The current study included two tasks. In the first,we asked participants to indicate( recognize) whether the presented Chinese characters were words or non-words. And in the second task,they were asked to categorize communal and agentic words as positive or negative in valence. We examined the temporal characteristics of recognition and categorizing processes using a high temporal resolution ERP technique. When categorizing in terms of valence,participants exhibited larger N400 amplitudes for agentic than communal words,which is in line with the faster processing and cognitive advantage of communal information. However,the N400 latency evoked by communal words was significantly longer during the recognition task,which is inconsistent with the expected processing advantage of communal information. Together the findings suggest that the preferential processing of communal information may appear on the deep semantic processing stage.
引文
毕重增(2019).德行与才智---幸福生活的社会认知基本维度.北京:商务印书馆.
韩梦霏,Ybarra,O.,毕重增(2015).社会认知基本维度中文形容词词库的建立.西南大学学报:自然科学版,37(8),144-148.
李婧,陈安涛,陈杰,龙长权(2016).词语型类别属性归纳中分类与属性推理过程的时间特征.心理学报,48(11),1410-1422.
郑鸽,赵玉芳(2016).社会认知基本维度对现实威胁感知的作用研究.心理科学,39(6),1434-1440.
周爱保,张荣华,夏瑞雪,李世峰,马小凤(2016).视角在自我评价早期阶段的调节作用.心理科学,39(2),384-391.
佐斌,代涛涛,温芳芳,索玉贤(2015).社会认知内容的“大二”模型.心理科学,38(4),1019-1023.
Abele,A.E.,&Bruckmüller,S.(2011).The bigger one of the“Big Two”?Preferential processing of communal information.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,47(5),935-948.
Abele,A.E.,&Wojciszke,B.(2007).Agency and communion from the perspective of self versus others.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,93(5),751-763.
Abele,A.E.,&Wojciszke,B.(2013).The big two in social judgment and behavior.Social psychology,44(2),61-62.
Abele,A.E.,Hauke,N.,Peters,K.,Louvet,E.,Szymkow,A.,&Duan,Y.(2016).Facets of the fundamental content dimensions:Agency with competence and assertiveness-communion with warmth and morality.Frontiers in psychology,7.
Asch,S.E.(1946).Forming impressions of personality.Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,41(3),258-290.
Cai,J.(2003).A review on implicit association test.Advances in Psychological Science,11(3),339-344.
Diehl,M,Owen,S,&Youngblade,L.(2004).Agency and communion attributes in adults'spontaneous self-representations.International Journal of Behavioral Development,28(1),1-15.
Federmeier,K.D.(2007).Thinking ahead:The role and roots of prediction in language comprehension.Psychophysiology,44(4),491-505.
Han,M.,Bi,C.,&Ybarra,O.(2016).Common and distinct neural mechanisms of the fundamental dimensions of social cognition.Social Neuroscience,11(4),395-408.
Kutas,M.,&Federmeier,K.D.(2011).Thirty years and counting:Finding meaning in the N400 component of the event-related brain potential(ERP).Annual Review of Psychology,62,621-647.
Kutas,M.,Neville,H.J.,&Holcomb,P.J.(1987).Apreliminary comparison of the N400 response to semantic anomalies during reading,listening and signing.Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology.Supplement,39,325-330.
Lau,E.F.,Phillips,C.,&Poeppel,D.(2008).Acortical network for semantics:(de)constructing the N400.Nature Reviews Neuroscience,9(12),920-933.
Moskowitz,D.S.,Suh,E.J.,&Desaulniers,J.(1994).Situational influences on gender differences in agency and communion.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,66(4),753-761.
Nobre,A.C.,&Mccarthy,G.(1995).Language-related field potentials in the anterior-medial temporal lobe:II.Effects of word type and semantic priming.The Journal of Neuroscience,15(2),1090-1098.
Roopesh,B.N.,Rangaswamy,M.,Kamarajan,C.,Chorlian,D.B.,Stimus,A.,Bauer,L.O.,...&Porjesz,B.(2009).Priming deficiency in male subjects at risk for alcoholism:The N4 during a lexical decision task.Alcoholism:Clinical and Experimental Research,33(12),2027-2036.
Trapnell,P.D.,&Paulhus,D.L.(2012).Agentic and communal values:Their scope and measurement.Journal of Personality Assessment,94(1),39-52.
Van Nunspeet,F.,Ellemers,N.,Derks,B.,&Nieuwenhuis,S.(2014).Moral concerns increase attention and response monitoring during IAT performance:ERP evidence.Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience,9(2),141-149.
Van Overwalle,F.(2009).Social cognition and the brain:Ameta-analysis.Human Brain Mapping,30(3),829-858.
Wang,Y.,Zhao,Y.,Qiu,J.,Ybarra,O.,Liu,L.,&Huang,Y.(2012).Neural correlates of aggression among individuals from low and high socioeconomic status:An ERP study.International Journal of Psychological Studies,4(4),37-45.
Wojciszke,B.,&Abele,A.E.(2008).The primacy of communion over agency and its reversals in evaluations.European Journal of Social Psychology,38(7),1139-1147.
Wojciszke,B.,Baryla,W.,Parzuchowski,M.,Szymkow,A.,&Abele,A.E.(2011).Self‐esteem is dominated by agentic over communal information.European Journal of Social Psychology,41(5),617-627.
Ybarra,O.,Chan,E.,&Park,D.(2001).Young and old adults'concerns about morality and competence.Motivation and Emotion,25(2),85-100.
韩梦霏,Ybarra,O.,毕重增(2015).社会认知基本维度中文形容词词库的建立.西南大学学报:自然科学版,37(8),144-148.
李婧,陈安涛,陈杰,龙长权(2016).词语型类别属性归纳中分类与属性推理过程的时间特征.心理学报,48(11),1410-1422.
郑鸽,赵玉芳(2016).社会认知基本维度对现实威胁感知的作用研究.心理科学,39(6),1434-1440.
周爱保,张荣华,夏瑞雪,李世峰,马小凤(2016).视角在自我评价早期阶段的调节作用.心理科学,39(2),384-391.
佐斌,代涛涛,温芳芳,索玉贤(2015).社会认知内容的“大二”模型.心理科学,38(4),1019-1023.
Abele,A.E.,&Bruckmüller,S.(2011).The bigger one of the“Big Two”?Preferential processing of communal information.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,47(5),935-948.
Abele,A.E.,&Wojciszke,B.(2007).Agency and communion from the perspective of self versus others.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,93(5),751-763.
Abele,A.E.,&Wojciszke,B.(2013).The big two in social judgment and behavior.Social psychology,44(2),61-62.
Abele,A.E.,Hauke,N.,Peters,K.,Louvet,E.,Szymkow,A.,&Duan,Y.(2016).Facets of the fundamental content dimensions:Agency with competence and assertiveness-communion with warmth and morality.Frontiers in psychology,7.
Asch,S.E.(1946).Forming impressions of personality.Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,41(3),258-290.
Cai,J.(2003).A review on implicit association test.Advances in Psychological Science,11(3),339-344.
Diehl,M,Owen,S,&Youngblade,L.(2004).Agency and communion attributes in adults'spontaneous self-representations.International Journal of Behavioral Development,28(1),1-15.
Federmeier,K.D.(2007).Thinking ahead:The role and roots of prediction in language comprehension.Psychophysiology,44(4),491-505.
Han,M.,Bi,C.,&Ybarra,O.(2016).Common and distinct neural mechanisms of the fundamental dimensions of social cognition.Social Neuroscience,11(4),395-408.
Kutas,M.,&Federmeier,K.D.(2011).Thirty years and counting:Finding meaning in the N400 component of the event-related brain potential(ERP).Annual Review of Psychology,62,621-647.
Kutas,M.,Neville,H.J.,&Holcomb,P.J.(1987).Apreliminary comparison of the N400 response to semantic anomalies during reading,listening and signing.Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology.Supplement,39,325-330.
Lau,E.F.,Phillips,C.,&Poeppel,D.(2008).Acortical network for semantics:(de)constructing the N400.Nature Reviews Neuroscience,9(12),920-933.
Moskowitz,D.S.,Suh,E.J.,&Desaulniers,J.(1994).Situational influences on gender differences in agency and communion.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,66(4),753-761.
Nobre,A.C.,&Mccarthy,G.(1995).Language-related field potentials in the anterior-medial temporal lobe:II.Effects of word type and semantic priming.The Journal of Neuroscience,15(2),1090-1098.
Roopesh,B.N.,Rangaswamy,M.,Kamarajan,C.,Chorlian,D.B.,Stimus,A.,Bauer,L.O.,...&Porjesz,B.(2009).Priming deficiency in male subjects at risk for alcoholism:The N4 during a lexical decision task.Alcoholism:Clinical and Experimental Research,33(12),2027-2036.
Trapnell,P.D.,&Paulhus,D.L.(2012).Agentic and communal values:Their scope and measurement.Journal of Personality Assessment,94(1),39-52.
Van Nunspeet,F.,Ellemers,N.,Derks,B.,&Nieuwenhuis,S.(2014).Moral concerns increase attention and response monitoring during IAT performance:ERP evidence.Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience,9(2),141-149.
Van Overwalle,F.(2009).Social cognition and the brain:Ameta-analysis.Human Brain Mapping,30(3),829-858.
Wang,Y.,Zhao,Y.,Qiu,J.,Ybarra,O.,Liu,L.,&Huang,Y.(2012).Neural correlates of aggression among individuals from low and high socioeconomic status:An ERP study.International Journal of Psychological Studies,4(4),37-45.
Wojciszke,B.,&Abele,A.E.(2008).The primacy of communion over agency and its reversals in evaluations.European Journal of Social Psychology,38(7),1139-1147.
Wojciszke,B.,Baryla,W.,Parzuchowski,M.,Szymkow,A.,&Abele,A.E.(2011).Self‐esteem is dominated by agentic over communal information.European Journal of Social Psychology,41(5),617-627.
Ybarra,O.,Chan,E.,&Park,D.(2001).Young and old adults'concerns about morality and competence.Motivation and Emotion,25(2),85-100.