根区不同位置补气对番茄根际环境及其生长的影响
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摘要
[目的]本文旨在探索有效改善番茄根际气体环境的通气方式。[方法]在番茄种植垄距地面20 cm和30 cm深处的埋设PVC管,通过鼓风机强制对土壤进行通气。[结果]通气处理后10～50 cm土层的氧气体积分数提高,二氧化碳体积分数显著降低,氧气最高增幅8%,二氧化碳最高下降96.88%,对40～50 cm土层的效果更加显著;番茄根际20 cm和30 cm处脲酶活性平均可提升26.13%和21.71%;番茄的生物量、株高、茎粗均有所提升,单株产量最大提高30%,并且成熟期提早10 d。[结论]土壤富氧补气系统能有效改善番茄根际土壤气体环境,提高根际脲酶活性,增加番茄产量,促进番茄早熟。
[Objective] In order to explore physiological mechanisms and drought tolerance of apple rootstock vigorous/dwarfing, the structure and water-transport ability of root system at various soil depth of two common apple rootstock species were investigated, and research was aimed to provide technical support for fruit production management. [Methods] Vigorous rootstock Malusmicromaluand dwarfing rootstock M9 T337 were used as experimental materials. The growth condition, root distribution, and xylem vessel trait of both branch and root system at different soil depth were measured. Hydraulic conductivity of root and branch was determined based on the xylem vessel traits. [Results] Study results indicated that the major parameters including plant height, basal diameter, and the number and length of branch of M. micromaluwere significantly higher than that of M9 T337, and both root biomass and root length density of M.micromaluwith a vertical distribution of 0～60 cm were significantly greater than that of M9 T337 with vertical distribution of 0～40 cm. Vessel diameter and hydraulic conductivity of both root and branch of M.micromalu were significantly higher than that of M9 T337, while vessel density of root and branch was significantly lower in M9 T337, and vessel diameter and hydraulic conductivity of deep roots were greater than that of shallow roots for both species. [Conclusion] M.micromalu possessed more efficient vessels, higher root length density and wider vertical root distribution, which greatly contributed to its vigorous effect and strong drought resistance. The deep root, conducting water absorbing from deep soil, may act as an important factor for improving tree′s drought resistance.
[Objective] In order to explore physiological mechanisms and drought tolerance of apple rootstock vigorous/dwarfing, the structure and water-transport ability of root system at various soil depth of two common apple rootstock species were investigated, and research was aimed to provide technical support for fruit production management. [Methods] Vigorous rootstock Malusmicromaluand dwarfing rootstock M9 T337 were used as experimental materials. The growth condition, root distribution, and xylem vessel trait of both branch and root system at different soil depth were measured. Hydraulic conductivity of root and branch was determined based on the xylem vessel traits. [Results] Study results indicated that the major parameters including plant height, basal diameter, and the number and length of branch of M. micromaluwere significantly higher than that of M9 T337, and both root biomass and root length density of M.micromaluwith a vertical distribution of 0～60 cm were significantly greater than that of M9 T337 with vertical distribution of 0～40 cm. Vessel diameter and hydraulic conductivity of both root and branch of M.micromalu were significantly higher than that of M9 T337, while vessel density of root and branch was significantly lower in M9 T337, and vessel diameter and hydraulic conductivity of deep roots were greater than that of shallow roots for both species. [Conclusion] M.micromalu possessed more efficient vessels, higher root length density and wider vertical root distribution, which greatly contributed to its vigorous effect and strong drought resistance. The deep root, conducting water absorbing from deep soil, may act as an important factor for improving tree′s drought resistance.
引文
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[3]陈利军, 武志杰, 姜勇,等. 与氮转化有关的土壤酶活性对抑制剂施用的响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2002, 13(9):1099-1103.
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[9]李胜利, 齐子杰, 王建辉,等. 根际通气环境对盆栽黄瓜生长的影响[J]. 河南农业大学学报, 2008, 42(3):280-282.
[10]杨润亚, 张振华, 王洪梅,等. 根际通气和盐分胁迫对玉米生长特性的影响[J]. 鲁东大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 26(1):35-38.
[11]Goorahoo D, Carstensen G, Zoldoske D F, et al. Using air in sub-surface drip irrigation(SDI) to increase yields in bell peppers[J]. International Water Irrigation, 2002, 22(2): 39-42.
[12]侯会静, 陈慧, 蔡焕杰. 加气灌溉对部分土壤生境因子的影响[J]. 水资源与水工程学报, 2016, 27(4):225-228.
[13]朱艳, 蔡焕杰, 侯会静,等. 加气灌溉对番茄根区土壤环境和产量的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 44(5):157-162.
[14]褚丽敏, 王焕军, 赵洪利. 根区通气方式对番茄生长的影响[J]. 现代化农业, 2013(10):32-34.
[15]Chen X, Dhungel J, Bhattarai S P, et al. Impact of oxygation on soil respiration, yield and water use efficiency of three crop species[J]. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 4(4):236-248.
[16]肖卫华, 姚帮松, 张文萍,等. 根区通气增氧对杂交水稻根系及根际土壤微生物的影响研究[J]. 中国农村水利水电, 2016(8):41-43.
[17]李元, 牛文全, 张明智,等. 加气灌溉对大棚甜瓜土壤酶活性与微生物数量的影响[J]. 农业机械学报, 2015, 46(8):121-129.
[18]甲宗霞, 牛文全, 张璇,等. 根际通气对盆栽番茄生长及水分利用率的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2011, 29(6):18-24.
[19]张璇, 牛文全, 甲宗霞. 根际通气量对盆栽番茄生长、蒸腾量及果实产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2011, 27(28):286-290.
[20]尹晓霞, 蔡焕杰. 加气灌溉对温室番茄根区土壤环境及产量的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2014, 33(3):33-37.
[2]郑小兰, 侯亚兵, 王瑞娇,等. 根际氧浓度对番茄幼苗生长发育的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2017, 32(4):208-214.
[3]陈利军, 武志杰, 姜勇,等. 与氮转化有关的土壤酶活性对抑制剂施用的响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2002, 13(9):1099-1103.
[4]Arteca R N, Poovaiah B W, Smith O E. Changes in Carbon Fixation, Tuberization, and Growth Induced by CO2 Applications to the Root Zone of Potato Plants[J]. Science, 1979, 205(4412):1279-1280.
[5]孙周平, 李天来, 范文丽. 根际二氧化碳浓度对马铃薯植株生长的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(11):2097-2101.
[6]张莹莹, 孙周平, 刘广晶,等. 根区通气方式对番茄根际气体环境及基质理化性质的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2011, 20(4):106-110.
[7]陈红波, 李天来, 孙周平,等. 根际通气对日光温室黄瓜栽培基质酶活性和养分含量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2009, 15(6):1470-1474.
[8]Niu W Q, Jia Z X, Hong-Bo Shao. Effects of Rhizosphere Ventilation on Soil Enzyme Activities of Potted Tomato under Different Soil Water Stress[J]. Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica, 2012, 40(3):225-232.
[9]李胜利, 齐子杰, 王建辉,等. 根际通气环境对盆栽黄瓜生长的影响[J]. 河南农业大学学报, 2008, 42(3):280-282.
[10]杨润亚, 张振华, 王洪梅,等. 根际通气和盐分胁迫对玉米生长特性的影响[J]. 鲁东大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 26(1):35-38.
[11]Goorahoo D, Carstensen G, Zoldoske D F, et al. Using air in sub-surface drip irrigation(SDI) to increase yields in bell peppers[J]. International Water Irrigation, 2002, 22(2): 39-42.
[12]侯会静, 陈慧, 蔡焕杰. 加气灌溉对部分土壤生境因子的影响[J]. 水资源与水工程学报, 2016, 27(4):225-228.
[13]朱艳, 蔡焕杰, 侯会静,等. 加气灌溉对番茄根区土壤环境和产量的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 44(5):157-162.
[14]褚丽敏, 王焕军, 赵洪利. 根区通气方式对番茄生长的影响[J]. 现代化农业, 2013(10):32-34.
[15]Chen X, Dhungel J, Bhattarai S P, et al. Impact of oxygation on soil respiration, yield and water use efficiency of three crop species[J]. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 4(4):236-248.
[16]肖卫华, 姚帮松, 张文萍,等. 根区通气增氧对杂交水稻根系及根际土壤微生物的影响研究[J]. 中国农村水利水电, 2016(8):41-43.
[17]李元, 牛文全, 张明智,等. 加气灌溉对大棚甜瓜土壤酶活性与微生物数量的影响[J]. 农业机械学报, 2015, 46(8):121-129.
[18]甲宗霞, 牛文全, 张璇,等. 根际通气对盆栽番茄生长及水分利用率的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2011, 29(6):18-24.
[19]张璇, 牛文全, 甲宗霞. 根际通气量对盆栽番茄生长、蒸腾量及果实产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2011, 27(28):286-290.
[20]尹晓霞, 蔡焕杰. 加气灌溉对温室番茄根区土壤环境及产量的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2014, 33(3):33-37.