加氢装置大型化进展
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摘要
介绍国内外加氢裂化、渣油加氢、加氢处理三大类加氢装置大型化发展历程:①加氢装置的最大处理能力逐年提高;②最大规模加氢装置的数目逐年增多;③国内投产的各类最大加氢装置逐渐在世界范围占有席位。探讨大型化加氢装置工艺流程设计模式:①采用多段工艺流程;②不同原料进装置的不同部位;③反应部分双系列;④反应部分双系列,但共用双系列中不受限部分;⑤受限设备双系列。简述加氢反应器、反应加热炉、高压换热器的大型化进展:①采用更大尺寸设备;②提高材料性能;③采用新型设备;④通过技术优化,缩小受限设备尺寸;⑤设备轻量化。计算分析大型化加氢装置投资的变化:通过加氢装置大型化可降低单位处理量投资。对加氢装置大型化进行了展望:①技术进步使建设大型化加氢装置成为可能;②沿海布置大规模炼油企业及制造企业,使大型化加氢装置的建设得以实施;③新技术、新设备的应用,优化了大型设备的尺寸和重量;④大型化加氢装置的经济效益不断增加。
The development process of large-scale hydrocracking units, residual oil hydrogenation units and hydrotreating units at home and abroad is introduced:(1)the maximum capacity of hydrogenation unit is increasing year by year;(2)the number of the largest hydrogenation units is increasing year by year;(3)various types of large-scale hydrogenation units starting up and running at home occupy a certain place in the world. The design pattern of process flow of large-scale hydrogenation unit is explored:(1)multi-step process flow is adopted;(2)different feedstocks enter into different parts of the unit;(3)double series of reaction parts;(4)double series of reaction parts but sharing unrestricted parts of double series;(5)double series of restricted equipment. The large-scale development of hydrogenation reactor, reaction heating furnace and high-pressure heat exchanger is briefly described:(1)bigger size equipements are adopted;(2)improving material performance;(3)adopting new equipements;(4)reducing the size of restricted equipments by technique optimization;(5)lightweight equipments. The change of investment in large-scale hydrogenation unit is calculated and analyzed. The investment of unit capacity of large-scale hydrogenation unit can be reduced. The prospects for the large-scale hydrogenation unit are as follows:(1)technical progress makes it possible to build large-scale hydrogenation unit;(2)large-scale refineries and manufacturing enterprises builded along the coast facilitate to implemente the large-scale hydrogenation unit;(3)the adoption of new technologies and new equipments optimizes the size and weight of large-scale equipements;(4)the economic benefits of large-scale hydrogenation unit are constantly increasing.
The development process of large-scale hydrocracking units, residual oil hydrogenation units and hydrotreating units at home and abroad is introduced:(1)the maximum capacity of hydrogenation unit is increasing year by year;(2)the number of the largest hydrogenation units is increasing year by year;(3)various types of large-scale hydrogenation units starting up and running at home occupy a certain place in the world. The design pattern of process flow of large-scale hydrogenation unit is explored:(1)multi-step process flow is adopted;(2)different feedstocks enter into different parts of the unit;(3)double series of reaction parts;(4)double series of reaction parts but sharing unrestricted parts of double series;(5)double series of restricted equipment. The large-scale development of hydrogenation reactor, reaction heating furnace and high-pressure heat exchanger is briefly described:(1)bigger size equipements are adopted;(2)improving material performance;(3)adopting new equipements;(4)reducing the size of restricted equipments by technique optimization;(5)lightweight equipments. The change of investment in large-scale hydrogenation unit is calculated and analyzed. The investment of unit capacity of large-scale hydrogenation unit can be reduced. The prospects for the large-scale hydrogenation unit are as follows:(1)technical progress makes it possible to build large-scale hydrogenation unit;(2)large-scale refineries and manufacturing enterprises builded along the coast facilitate to implemente the large-scale hydrogenation unit;(3)the adoption of new technologies and new equipments optimizes the size and weight of large-scale equipements;(4)the economic benefits of large-scale hydrogenation unit are constantly increasing.
引文
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[2] Chen Xuedong,Fan Zhichao,Cui Jun,et al. Research progress of lightweight key technology of heavy pressure vessels in China[C]//International conference of pressure vessel technology,London,UK,2012.
[3] 刘农基,聂颍新,陈崇刚,等.广西石化渣油加氢反应器轻量化设计制造[J].压力容器,2015,32(1):25-35.
[4] 陈健.螺纹锁紧环式换热器在渣油加氢装置中的应用[J].化工装备技术,2015,36(3):12-14.
[5] 周有石,姜红超.高温高压换热器运行故障分析及处理措施[J].压力容器,2003,20(9):38-40.
[6] 何文丰.缠绕管式换热器在加氢裂化装置的首次应用[J].石油化工设备技术,2008,29(3):14-17.