基于LabVIEW平台的形状记忆合金温度循环加载控制装置研究
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摘要
本文根据NiTi形状记忆合金热-力耦合循环变形实验的要求,针对传统加热方法变温速度慢、温度变化非线性、加热不均匀,且无法与其他装置配合使用等缺点,提出了一种新型形状记忆合金温度循环加载控制装置。该装置基于电流加热方法,使用测温仪表进行测温,采用直流电源与降温组件进行变温,同时利用PID等控制方法进行控制,达到精准控温的效果。通过测试及实验,可以看出,该装置具有良好的控温性能、快速的变温速度、自动的程序控制等优点。本装置的成功开发为形状记忆合金热-力耦合循环变形和疲劳失效行为的实验研究提供了坚实的设备基础。
According to the requirements of NiTi shape memory alloy in thermo-force coupled cyclic deformation experiment,aiming at the disadvantages of traditional heating method,such as slow temperature change,nonlinear temperature variation,uneven heating,and unable to be used in combination with other devices,a new type of temperature cyclic loading control device for shape memory alloy is proposed in this paper.This developed device is based on the current heating method,and uses the thermometer to measure the temperature,uses the DC power source and cooling components to change the temperature,and uses control methods such as PID to control the temperature accurately.Through measurement and experiment,it can be seen that this device has the advantages of good temperature control performance,fast temperature changing speed,automatic program control and so on.Successful development of this device provides a solid foundation for the experimental study of thermo-force coupling cyclic deformation and fatigue failure behavior of SMA.
According to the requirements of NiTi shape memory alloy in thermo-force coupled cyclic deformation experiment,aiming at the disadvantages of traditional heating method,such as slow temperature change,nonlinear temperature variation,uneven heating,and unable to be used in combination with other devices,a new type of temperature cyclic loading control device for shape memory alloy is proposed in this paper.This developed device is based on the current heating method,and uses the thermometer to measure the temperature,uses the DC power source and cooling components to change the temperature,and uses control methods such as PID to control the temperature accurately.Through measurement and experiment,it can be seen that this device has the advantages of good temperature control performance,fast temperature changing speed,automatic program control and so on.Successful development of this device provides a solid foundation for the experimental study of thermo-force coupling cyclic deformation and fatigue failure behavior of SMA.
引文
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[2]赵连城,蔡伟,郑玉峰.合金的形状记忆效应与超弹性[M].国防工业出版社,2002(ZHAO Liancheng,CAIWei,ZHENG Yufeng.Shape memory effect and superelasticity of alloy[M].National Defend Industry Press,2002(in Chinese))
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[4]李尚荣,马记,许旻,等.低应变速率下形状记忆合金的特性实验研究[J].实验力学,2006,21(3):322-328(LI Shangrong,MA Ji,XU Min,et al.Experimental study on the characteristics of shape memory alloy at low strain rate[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2006,21(3):322-328(in Chinese))
[5]商泽进,王忠民,尹冠生,等.循环加载条件下TiNi形状记忆合金棒材的超弹性行为[J].实验力学,2008,23(4):305-310(SHANG Zejin,WANG Zhongmin,YIN Guansheng,et al.Superelastic behavior of TiNi shape memory alloy bar under cyclic loading[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2008,23(4):305-310(in Chinese))
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[10]李跃光,姬战国.国内高频疲劳试验机的技术现状及其发展[J].试验技术与试验机,2006,46(1):1-4(LIYueguang,JI Zhanguo.The technical present situation and development of China′s domestic high frequency fatigue testing machines[J].Test Technology and Testing Machine,2006,46(1):1-4(in Chinese))
[11]刘宗德,丰树平.冲击大电流高加热率实验装置研究[J].爆炸与冲击,1995(4):315-321(LIU Zongde,FENGShuping.Studies on high heating rates apparatus[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,1995(4):315-321(in Chinese))
[12]李藩.短时高温试验[M].国防工业出版社,1963(LI Fan.Short-time high temperature test[M].National Defend Industry Press,1963(in Chinese))
[13]Bertacchini O W,Lagoudas D C,Calkins F T,et al.Thermomechanical cyclic loading and fatigue life characterization of nickel rich NiTi shape-memory alloy actuators[C]//Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering,2008,6929:692916-692916-11.
[14]Karhu M,Lindroos T.Long-term behaviour of binary Ti-49.7Ni(at.%)SMA actuators-the fatigue lives and evolution of strains on thermal cycling[J].Smart Materials&Structures,2010,19(11):115019-115028.
[15]王伟,张晶涛,柴天佑.PID参数先进整定方法综述[J].自动化学报,2000,26(3):347-355(WANG Wei,ZHANG Jingtao,CHAI Tianyou.A survey of advanced pid parameter tuning methods[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2000,26(3):347-355(in Chinese))
[16]郑明新,张人佶,朱永华,等.电塑性效应及其应用[J].中国机械工程,1997(5):91-94,121(ZHENGMingxin,ZHANG Ji,ZHU Yonghua,et al.Electro plastic effect and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,1997(5):91-94,121(in Chinese))
[17]解焕阳,董湘怀,方林强.电塑性效应及在塑性成形中的应用新进展[J].上海交通大学学报,2012,46(7):1059-1062,1068(JIE Huanyang,DONG Xianghuai,FANG Linqiang.Electro plastic effect and its application in plastic forming[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2012,46(7):1059-1062,1068(in Chinese))
[18]段力学.PID参数整定方法分类与概述[J].现代计算机,2012(5):23-26(DUAN Lixue.Classification and overview of PID parameter tuning method[J].Modern Computer,2012(5):23-26(in Chinese))
[19]Yu C,Kang G,Kan Q.A macroscopic multi-mechanism based constitutive model for the thermo-mechanical cyclic degeneration of shape memory effect of NiTi shape memory alloy[J].Acta Mechanica Sinica,2017,33(3):619-634.
[2]赵连城,蔡伟,郑玉峰.合金的形状记忆效应与超弹性[M].国防工业出版社,2002(ZHAO Liancheng,CAIWei,ZHENG Yufeng.Shape memory effect and superelasticity of alloy[M].National Defend Industry Press,2002(in Chinese))
[3]杨杰,吴月华.形状记忆合金及其应用[M].中国科技大学出版社,1993:94-97(JIE YANG,WU Yuehua.Shape memory alloy and its application[M].Press of University of Science and Technology of China,1993:94-97(in Chinese))
[4]李尚荣,马记,许旻,等.低应变速率下形状记忆合金的特性实验研究[J].实验力学,2006,21(3):322-328(LI Shangrong,MA Ji,XU Min,et al.Experimental study on the characteristics of shape memory alloy at low strain rate[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2006,21(3):322-328(in Chinese))
[5]商泽进,王忠民,尹冠生,等.循环加载条件下TiNi形状记忆合金棒材的超弹性行为[J].实验力学,2008,23(4):305-310(SHANG Zejin,WANG Zhongmin,YIN Guansheng,et al.Superelastic behavior of TiNi shape memory alloy bar under cyclic loading[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2008,23(4):305-310(in Chinese))
[6]Burkart M W,Read T A.Diffusionless phase change in the indium-thallium system[J].Transactions of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers,1953,197(11):1516-1524.
[7]Chang L C,Read T A.Plastic deformation and diffusionless phase changes in metals-the gold-cadmium beta phase[J].Transactions of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers,1951,191(1):47-52.
[8]Lagoudas D C.Shape memory alloys:modeling and Engineering Applications[M].Berlin:Springer,2008.
[9]Buehler W J,Gilfrich J V,Wiley R C.Effect of low-temperature phase changes on the mechanical properties of alloys near composition TiNi[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1963,34(5):1475-1477.
[10]李跃光,姬战国.国内高频疲劳试验机的技术现状及其发展[J].试验技术与试验机,2006,46(1):1-4(LIYueguang,JI Zhanguo.The technical present situation and development of China′s domestic high frequency fatigue testing machines[J].Test Technology and Testing Machine,2006,46(1):1-4(in Chinese))
[11]刘宗德,丰树平.冲击大电流高加热率实验装置研究[J].爆炸与冲击,1995(4):315-321(LIU Zongde,FENGShuping.Studies on high heating rates apparatus[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,1995(4):315-321(in Chinese))
[12]李藩.短时高温试验[M].国防工业出版社,1963(LI Fan.Short-time high temperature test[M].National Defend Industry Press,1963(in Chinese))
[13]Bertacchini O W,Lagoudas D C,Calkins F T,et al.Thermomechanical cyclic loading and fatigue life characterization of nickel rich NiTi shape-memory alloy actuators[C]//Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering,2008,6929:692916-692916-11.
[14]Karhu M,Lindroos T.Long-term behaviour of binary Ti-49.7Ni(at.%)SMA actuators-the fatigue lives and evolution of strains on thermal cycling[J].Smart Materials&Structures,2010,19(11):115019-115028.
[15]王伟,张晶涛,柴天佑.PID参数先进整定方法综述[J].自动化学报,2000,26(3):347-355(WANG Wei,ZHANG Jingtao,CHAI Tianyou.A survey of advanced pid parameter tuning methods[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2000,26(3):347-355(in Chinese))
[16]郑明新,张人佶,朱永华,等.电塑性效应及其应用[J].中国机械工程,1997(5):91-94,121(ZHENGMingxin,ZHANG Ji,ZHU Yonghua,et al.Electro plastic effect and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,1997(5):91-94,121(in Chinese))
[17]解焕阳,董湘怀,方林强.电塑性效应及在塑性成形中的应用新进展[J].上海交通大学学报,2012,46(7):1059-1062,1068(JIE Huanyang,DONG Xianghuai,FANG Linqiang.Electro plastic effect and its application in plastic forming[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2012,46(7):1059-1062,1068(in Chinese))
[18]段力学.PID参数整定方法分类与概述[J].现代计算机,2012(5):23-26(DUAN Lixue.Classification and overview of PID parameter tuning method[J].Modern Computer,2012(5):23-26(in Chinese))
[19]Yu C,Kang G,Kan Q.A macroscopic multi-mechanism based constitutive model for the thermo-mechanical cyclic degeneration of shape memory effect of NiTi shape memory alloy[J].Acta Mechanica Sinica,2017,33(3):619-634.