加纳的语言政策:语言管理视角
|
摘要
从语言管理理论角度分析,加纳的语言政策总是围绕着英语与本土语言的关系问题而展开。英语自始至今的地位都很高,但其实际使用效果却不如本土语言。加纳在处理本土化与国家化的语言政策问题时应采用多语政策,在初等教育与识字教育中同时使用官方语言和本土语言。
Ghana's language policy from colonial period to the present is analyzed from the perspective of language management theory.Ghana's language policy centers on the relationship between English and its indigenous languages.While English is superior to indigenous languages,its teaching effect is inferior.It is concluded that Ghana should adopt multilingual policy to deal with the problem of localization and internationalization of its language policy.Both official language and indigenous languages should be used in primary education and literacy education.
Ghana's language policy from colonial period to the present is analyzed from the perspective of language management theory.Ghana's language policy centers on the relationship between English and its indigenous languages.While English is superior to indigenous languages,its teaching effect is inferior.It is concluded that Ghana should adopt multilingual policy to deal with the problem of localization and internationalization of its language policy.Both official language and indigenous languages should be used in primary education and literacy education.
引文
[1]2010 POPULATION&HOUSING CENSUSNATIONAL ANALYTICAL REPORT[EB/OL].http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/National_Analytic al_Report.pdf.
[2]www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/fz_677316/1206_677776/1206x0_677778/[EB/OL].
[3]M·B·舍维亚科夫.论加纳的语言政策[J].常忠烈,译.民族译丛,1988(6):31-33.
[4]郭龙生.它山之石,可以为错-语言政策国别研究学习感言[J].语言政策与规划研究,2014(1):16-23.
[5]博纳的斯波斯基.语言管理[M].张治国,译.北京:商务印书馆,2016:8.
[6]杨涛.语言管理视域下的南非语言规划研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2014.
[7]王亚蓝,杨涛.以色列的语言管理探析[J].北华大学学报,2018(3):16-22.
[8]Obeng,S.G.An Analysis of the Linguistic Situation in Ghana[J].African Languages and Cultures,1997,10(1):63-81.
[9]黄长著编著.各国语言手册[M].重庆:重庆出版社,1990:182.
[10]任泉,顾章义.列国志---加纳[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2010.
[11]https://www.ethnologue.com/country/GH[EB/OL].
[12]https://www.ethnologue.com/map/GH[EB/OL].
[13]Richard T.Torto,M.Phil.,B.A.(Hons.),Dip.Ed.Language Choice in Communication in a Multilingual Setting:A Case Study of a Cross Section of First Year Students of the University of Cape Coast,Ghana[J/OL].Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 14:12 December 2014.
[14]Spolsky,B.Ed.The Cambridge Handbook of Language Policy[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2012:534.
[15]Ferguson,G.Language Planning and Educat ion[M].Edinburg:Edinburgh University Press,2006.
[16]Ansah,G.N.Re-examining the fluctuation s in languagein-education policies in post-independence Ghana.[J].Multilingual Education,2014,4(12):1-15.
[17]https://gh.usembassy.gov/education-culture/educationusa-center/educational-system-ghana/[EB/OL].
[18]Brock-Utne,B.Language policy and science:Could some African countries learn from some Asian countries[J].International Review of Education,2012,58:481-503.
[19]Mc Kay,S.L.Literacy and literacies[C]//S LMc Kay&N H Hornberger.Sociolinguistics and Language Teaching.Cambridge University Press,1996:421-445.
[20]Kaplan,R.&Baldauf,R.Language Planning:From Pr actice to Theory[M].Clevedon:Multilingual Matte rs,1997.
[21]Bokamba,E.(1983).Language and Literacy in West Africa.Annual Review of Applied Linguistics,4,40-74.
[22]http://ghanalanguages.com/about.html[EB/OL]
[23]杨涛.巴西语言政策简况[C]//教育部语言文字信息管理司.中国语言生活状况报告:2013.北京:商务印书馆,2013:359-364.
[24]Adedeji,A.O.Analysis of Use of English an d Indigenous Languages by the Press in Selected African Countries[J].Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review,2015,4(8):35-45.
[25]陈章太.语言规划概论[M].北京:商务印书馆,2015:393-394.
[26]Mazrui,A.The English Language and Politic al Consciousness in British Colonial Africa[J].The Journal of Modern African Studies,1966,4(3),295-311.
[2]www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/fz_677316/1206_677776/1206x0_677778/[EB/OL].
[3]M·B·舍维亚科夫.论加纳的语言政策[J].常忠烈,译.民族译丛,1988(6):31-33.
[4]郭龙生.它山之石,可以为错-语言政策国别研究学习感言[J].语言政策与规划研究,2014(1):16-23.
[5]博纳的斯波斯基.语言管理[M].张治国,译.北京:商务印书馆,2016:8.
[6]杨涛.语言管理视域下的南非语言规划研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2014.
[7]王亚蓝,杨涛.以色列的语言管理探析[J].北华大学学报,2018(3):16-22.
[8]Obeng,S.G.An Analysis of the Linguistic Situation in Ghana[J].African Languages and Cultures,1997,10(1):63-81.
[9]黄长著编著.各国语言手册[M].重庆:重庆出版社,1990:182.
[10]任泉,顾章义.列国志---加纳[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2010.
[11]https://www.ethnologue.com/country/GH[EB/OL].
[12]https://www.ethnologue.com/map/GH[EB/OL].
[13]Richard T.Torto,M.Phil.,B.A.(Hons.),Dip.Ed.Language Choice in Communication in a Multilingual Setting:A Case Study of a Cross Section of First Year Students of the University of Cape Coast,Ghana[J/OL].Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 14:12 December 2014.
[14]Spolsky,B.Ed.The Cambridge Handbook of Language Policy[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2012:534.
[15]Ferguson,G.Language Planning and Educat ion[M].Edinburg:Edinburgh University Press,2006.
[16]Ansah,G.N.Re-examining the fluctuation s in languagein-education policies in post-independence Ghana.[J].Multilingual Education,2014,4(12):1-15.
[17]https://gh.usembassy.gov/education-culture/educationusa-center/educational-system-ghana/[EB/OL].
[18]Brock-Utne,B.Language policy and science:Could some African countries learn from some Asian countries[J].International Review of Education,2012,58:481-503.
[19]Mc Kay,S.L.Literacy and literacies[C]//S LMc Kay&N H Hornberger.Sociolinguistics and Language Teaching.Cambridge University Press,1996:421-445.
[20]Kaplan,R.&Baldauf,R.Language Planning:From Pr actice to Theory[M].Clevedon:Multilingual Matte rs,1997.
[21]Bokamba,E.(1983).Language and Literacy in West Africa.Annual Review of Applied Linguistics,4,40-74.
[22]http://ghanalanguages.com/about.html[EB/OL]
[23]杨涛.巴西语言政策简况[C]//教育部语言文字信息管理司.中国语言生活状况报告:2013.北京:商务印书馆,2013:359-364.
[24]Adedeji,A.O.Analysis of Use of English an d Indigenous Languages by the Press in Selected African Countries[J].Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review,2015,4(8):35-45.
[25]陈章太.语言规划概论[M].北京:商务印书馆,2015:393-394.
[26]Mazrui,A.The English Language and Politic al Consciousness in British Colonial Africa[J].The Journal of Modern African Studies,1966,4(3),295-311.