兆瓦级H型垂直轴风力发电机气动设计方案的数值模拟研究
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摘要
为解决兆瓦级H型垂直轴风力发电机气动设计过程中实验和数值模拟方面耗费巨大的问题,基于升力线模拟方法完成了兆瓦级H型垂直轴风力发电机的气动设计,并利用该方法研究不同垂直轴风力机翼型设计方案对整机气动性能的影响,研究结果表明:基元翼型选用NACA0015和NACA0018对称翼型能够获得更高的风能利用率;整机叶片造型方案中,前掠翼型性能优于直叶片,前掠翼型方案的最大风能利用率随掠角增大而小幅上升,完整旋转周期内的风能利用率则随掠角增加先增大后减小,且在掠角3°时可取到整体最大风能利用率;后掠翼型性能差于直叶片,风能利用系数随掠角增大而减小;前掠与后掠组合翼型方案性能稍好于直叶片,但不如前掠叶片;不同方案之间存在性能差异的原因可能在于不同翼型的叶片分离涡在竖直方向上的旋涡脱落顺序方面存在差异,其中上部较早脱落的前掠方案有助于风能利用系数提升,下部较早脱落的后掠方案则会对风能利用系数产生负面影响。
In order to solve the enormous cost problem of experimental test and numerical simulation in the aerodynamic design of MW-level vertical axis wind turbine(VAWT),this paper presents a basic procedure of aerodynamics design for the MW-level VAWT.Using the LLS method,different air foils and blade design schemes are studied.It is concluded that: symmetrical airfoil like NACA0015 and 0018 is better than non-symmetrical airfoil in H-type VAWT.The performance of forward-swept airfoil is better than that of straight blade under the same conditions,and the wind energy utilization coefficient increases slightly with the sweep angle.The performance of backward-swept airfoil is worse than that of straight blade,and the wind energy utilization coefficient decreases with the increase of sweep angle.The performance of forward-swept and backward-swept combined airfoil is slightly better than that of straight blade,but not as good as that of forward-swept blade.The performance difference of different schemes may be due to the different shedding order of blade shedding vortices of different airfoils.The upstream shedding vortices may affect the aerodynamic performance of downstream blades slightly.
In order to solve the enormous cost problem of experimental test and numerical simulation in the aerodynamic design of MW-level vertical axis wind turbine(VAWT),this paper presents a basic procedure of aerodynamics design for the MW-level VAWT.Using the LLS method,different air foils and blade design schemes are studied.It is concluded that: symmetrical airfoil like NACA0015 and 0018 is better than non-symmetrical airfoil in H-type VAWT.The performance of forward-swept airfoil is better than that of straight blade under the same conditions,and the wind energy utilization coefficient increases slightly with the sweep angle.The performance of backward-swept airfoil is worse than that of straight blade,and the wind energy utilization coefficient decreases with the increase of sweep angle.The performance of forward-swept and backward-swept combined airfoil is slightly better than that of straight blade,but not as good as that of forward-swept blade.The performance difference of different schemes may be due to the different shedding order of blade shedding vortices of different airfoils.The upstream shedding vortices may affect the aerodynamic performance of downstream blades slightly.
引文
[1] GHASEMIAN M,ASHRAFI Z N,SEDAGHAT A.A review on computational fluid dynamic simulation techniques for Darrieus vertical axis wind turbines[J].Energy Conversion & Management,2017,149(1):87–100.
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[9] 金鑫,巨文斌,任海军,等.H型垂直轴风力发电机气动分析方法及运行规律研究[J].太阳能学报,2017,38(10):2619-2627.JIN Xin,JU Wen-bin,REN Hai-jun,et al.Research of aerodynamic analysis method and operation law of H-type vertical axis wind turbine[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2017,38(10):2619-2627.
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[13] 寇薇,苑宾,李琦,等.一种组合型垂直轴风力发电机的结构设计[J].电力科学与工程,2011,27(5):25-28.KOU Wei,YUAN Bin,LI Qi,et al.Design of a new type VAWT structure[J].Electric Power Science Engineering,2011,27(5):25-28.
[14] 冯放,李岩,赵守阳,等.具有升阻复合启动结构垂直轴风力机气动特性数值模拟[J].太阳能学报,2018,39(4):1052-1059.FENG Fang,LI Yan,ZHAO Shou-yang,et al.Numerical study on the aerodynamics of multi-structure VAWT[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2018,39(4):1052-1059.
[15] MARTEN D,WENDLER J,PECHLIVANOGLOU G,et al.Development and application of a simulation tool for vertical and horizontal axis wind turbines[C]//San Antonio:ASME Turbo Expo 2013:Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition,2013.
[16] LENNIE M,MARTEN D,PECHLIVANOGLOU G,et al.Development and validation of a modal analysis code for wind turbine blades[C]//Duesseldorf:ASME Turbo Expo 2014:Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition,2014.
[2] 帕拉斯基沃尤.垂直轴风力机原理与设计[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2013.PARASCHIVOIU I.Wind turbine design with emphasis on Darrieus concept[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House,2013.
[3] 张立军,孙明刚,李乐乐.兆瓦级垂直轴风力发电机塔架的设计与分析[J].机械工程与技术,2014,3(1):42-47.ZHANG Li-jun,SUN Ming-gang,LI Le-le.Design and analysis of MW H-type vertical axis wind turbine tower[J].Mechanical Engineering and Technology,2014,3(1):42-47.
[4] 鲍崇山.H型垂直轴风力发电机组支承塔架的结构选型和受力性能研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2011.BAO Cong-shan.Structure selection and force performance of support tower of H-type vertical axis wind turbine [D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2011.
[5] 苏亮.达里厄型垂直轴风力发电机结构可靠性分析研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010.SU Liang.Structure reliability analysis of Darrieus-type vertical axis wind turbine wind blades[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2010.
[6] 严强.垂直轴风力发电机大型化的可行性研究[C]//北京:中国农机工业协会风能设备分会风能产业,2014.YAN Qiang.Feasibility study on large scale vertical axis wind turbine[C]//Beijing:Chinese Wind Energy Equipment Association Conference,2014.
[7] 郑旭阳,孙志毅,杨国韬.H型垂直轴风力发电机的变桨距控制研究[J].工业控制计算机,2013,26(1):53-54.ZHEN Xu-yang,SUN Zhi-yi,YANG Guo-tao.Research on variable axis control based on H-type vertical wind turbine [J].Ind Contrl Comput,2013,26(1):53-54.
[8] 戴湘晖,徐海波.垂直轴风力发电机叶片气动性能研究[J].机械设计与制造,2011(2):259-260.DAI Xiang-hui,XU Hai-bo.The research of the vertical-axis wind turbine blade's aerodynamic performance[J].Machinery Design and Manufacture,2011(2):259-260.
[9] 金鑫,巨文斌,任海军,等.H型垂直轴风力发电机气动分析方法及运行规律研究[J].太阳能学报,2017,38(10):2619-2627.JIN Xin,JU Wen-bin,REN Hai-jun,et al.Research of aerodynamic analysis method and operation law of H-type vertical axis wind turbine[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2017,38(10):2619-2627.
[10] 陈兴华,吴国庆,曹阳,等.垂直轴风力发电机结构研究进展[J].机械设计与制造,2011(8):84-86.CHEN Xing-hua,WU Guo-qing,CAO Yang,et al.Structural research of vertical axis wind turbine[J].Machinery Design and Manufacture,2011(8):84-86.
[11] 田海姣.巨型垂直轴风力发电机组结构静动力特性研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2006.TIAN Hai-jiao.The Study of huge-VAWT structure steady-dynamic characters[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2006.
[12] 王兵兵.垂直轴风力机气动性能分析及结构设计[D].北京:华北电力大学,2011.WANG Bing-bing.The aero analysis and structure design of VAWT[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2011.
[13] 寇薇,苑宾,李琦,等.一种组合型垂直轴风力发电机的结构设计[J].电力科学与工程,2011,27(5):25-28.KOU Wei,YUAN Bin,LI Qi,et al.Design of a new type VAWT structure[J].Electric Power Science Engineering,2011,27(5):25-28.
[14] 冯放,李岩,赵守阳,等.具有升阻复合启动结构垂直轴风力机气动特性数值模拟[J].太阳能学报,2018,39(4):1052-1059.FENG Fang,LI Yan,ZHAO Shou-yang,et al.Numerical study on the aerodynamics of multi-structure VAWT[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2018,39(4):1052-1059.
[15] MARTEN D,WENDLER J,PECHLIVANOGLOU G,et al.Development and application of a simulation tool for vertical and horizontal axis wind turbines[C]//San Antonio:ASME Turbo Expo 2013:Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition,2013.
[16] LENNIE M,MARTEN D,PECHLIVANOGLOU G,et al.Development and validation of a modal analysis code for wind turbine blades[C]//Duesseldorf:ASME Turbo Expo 2014:Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition,2014.