白洋淀沉积物-沉水植物-水系统重金属污染分布特征
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摘要
通过对白洋淀沉水植物及对应沉积物和水中Cd、Pb、As含量测定,以期揭示白洋淀沉积物-沉水植物-水系统中重金属污染状况及分布规律,明确不同沉水植物对重金属的富集能力.结果表明,地表水Cd、Pb、As浓度均符合我国地表水I类水质标准,不同采样区重金属浓度差异不显著.上覆水Pb浓度显著高于地表水和间隙水,间隙水As浓度显著高于地表水和上覆水;地积累指数法和潜在生态危害指数法评价结果表明,沉积物中重金属污染程度表现为Cd>Pb>As,Cd污染最严重,达到"轻度-偏重度"污染程度,"中等-极强"生态危害级别,As为清洁水平,不同采样区重金属污染程度表现为生活水产养殖区>纳污区>淀边缘区;沉水植物重金属富集能力表现为金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum L.)>菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)和穗状狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum L.)>篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus L.).植物体内重金属含量与体内氮、磷含量呈显著正相关,氮、磷营养盐影响沉水植物对重金属的富集.
Concentrations of cadmium(Cd),lead(Pb) and arsenic(As) in submerged macrophytes,the corresponding sediments and water(surface water,pore water and overlying water) of Lake Baiyangdian have been determined to investigate the pollution and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in sediment-submerged macrophyte-water system and heavy metals accumulation ability of submerged macrophytes. The results showed that Cd,Pb and As concentrations in surface water meet the standard of Class I of Environment Quality Standards for surface water(GB 3838-2002),and no significant difference was observed in heavy metals concentrations between different regions. Pb concentrations in overlying water is greater than that in surface and pore water,while As concentrations in pore water is significantly higher than that in surface and overlying water. In addition,results of geo-accumulation index(Igeo) and potential ecological risk index(RI) showed that,heavy metals pollution in sediment in the pattern Cd>Pb>As,with Cd coming up to slight to partial severe pollution and media to extremely strong ecological risk while As is still clean. Further,heavy metals contamination in sediment of different areas decreased in the order of Living and aquaculture area>Sewage residence area>Fringe area. Among the samples of submerged macrophytes the concentration of heavy metals were decreased in the order of Ceratophyllum demersum>Potamogeton crispus,Myriophyllum spicatum>Potamogeton pecinatus. It is worth noting that heavy metals concentrations in submerged macrophyte display obvious positive correlations with nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in plants,which means that nitrogen and phosphorus may enhance heavy metals accumulation of submerged plants.
Concentrations of cadmium(Cd),lead(Pb) and arsenic(As) in submerged macrophytes,the corresponding sediments and water(surface water,pore water and overlying water) of Lake Baiyangdian have been determined to investigate the pollution and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in sediment-submerged macrophyte-water system and heavy metals accumulation ability of submerged macrophytes. The results showed that Cd,Pb and As concentrations in surface water meet the standard of Class I of Environment Quality Standards for surface water(GB 3838-2002),and no significant difference was observed in heavy metals concentrations between different regions. Pb concentrations in overlying water is greater than that in surface and pore water,while As concentrations in pore water is significantly higher than that in surface and overlying water. In addition,results of geo-accumulation index(Igeo) and potential ecological risk index(RI) showed that,heavy metals pollution in sediment in the pattern Cd>Pb>As,with Cd coming up to slight to partial severe pollution and media to extremely strong ecological risk while As is still clean. Further,heavy metals contamination in sediment of different areas decreased in the order of Living and aquaculture area>Sewage residence area>Fringe area. Among the samples of submerged macrophytes the concentration of heavy metals were decreased in the order of Ceratophyllum demersum>Potamogeton crispus,Myriophyllum spicatum>Potamogeton pecinatus. It is worth noting that heavy metals concentrations in submerged macrophyte display obvious positive correlations with nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in plants,which means that nitrogen and phosphorus may enhance heavy metals accumulation of submerged plants.
引文
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