潮汐作用对通江湖泊重金属镉的三相分布特征影响
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摘要
为研究不同水动力扰动下金山湖重金属的三相迁移转换机制,采用环形水槽模拟湖内水流过程,进行重金属迁移模拟试验,并利用二维水流、悬浮物、重金属耦合水环境数学模型分区模拟金山湖一个全日潮镉迁移过程。结果表明:中高扰动强度下,水深越小,沉积物起悬强度越大;水深一定时,扰动强度增加,沉积态镉与溶解态镉均呈现下降趋势,悬浮吸附态镉则呈现上升趋势;低扰动强度时,镉的三相交换规律不明显,但沉积态镉较为稳定。在每个湖区内部,三态浓度大致呈两波峰两波谷趋势;从全湖来看,沉积态镉与溶解态镉变化趋势相近,且与悬浮态镉变化趋势相反。研究成果对于进一步揭示通江湖泊重金属迁移运输机制具有参考价值。
In an attempt to study the three-phase transformation of heavy metal cadmium(Cr) in Jinshan Lake under different hydrodynamic disturbances,the transformation of Cr in Jinshan Lake during a diurnal tide is simulated using an annular sink which simulates lake water flow coupled with hydroenvironment mathematical model. Results show that under medium and high disturbances,the intensity of incipient suspension grows with the increase of water depth. At a given water depth,as the intensity of disturbance grows,deposited Cr and dissolved Cr both present a decreasing trend,while suspended Cr increases. Under low disturbance,however,the rule of Cr transformation among three phases is not obvious,with deposited Cr staying stable. In addition,in different partitions of lake,the concentration of Cr of different phases presents two peaks and two valleys; in holistic sense,the change trend of deposited Cr is similar to that of dissolved Cr,opposite to that of suspended Cr.
In an attempt to study the three-phase transformation of heavy metal cadmium(Cr) in Jinshan Lake under different hydrodynamic disturbances,the transformation of Cr in Jinshan Lake during a diurnal tide is simulated using an annular sink which simulates lake water flow coupled with hydroenvironment mathematical model. Results show that under medium and high disturbances,the intensity of incipient suspension grows with the increase of water depth. At a given water depth,as the intensity of disturbance grows,deposited Cr and dissolved Cr both present a decreasing trend,while suspended Cr increases. Under low disturbance,however,the rule of Cr transformation among three phases is not obvious,with deposited Cr staying stable. In addition,in different partitions of lake,the concentration of Cr of different phases presents two peaks and two valleys; in holistic sense,the change trend of deposited Cr is similar to that of dissolved Cr,opposite to that of suspended Cr.
引文
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[21]周晓红,刘龙梅,陈曦,等.金山湖闸坝型水体表层沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(11):4127-4134.
[22]汤露露,王鹏,姚琪.太湖湖流、波浪、沉积物的三维数值模拟[J].水资源保护,2011,27(2):1-5,12.
[23]庞启秀,白玉川,杨华,等.淤泥质浅滩泥沙临界起动切应力剖面确定[J].水科学进展,2012,23(2):249-255.
[24]DROPPO I G,D’ANDREA L,KRISHNAPPAN B G,et al.Fine-sediment Dynamics:Towards an Improved Understanding of Sediment Erosion and Transport[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2015,15(2):467-479.
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[26]曹祖德,王桂芬.波浪掀沙、潮流输沙的数值模拟[J].海洋学报(中文版),1993,15(1):107-118.
[27]WANG J,LIU R,ZHANG P,et al.Spatial Variation,Environmental Assessment and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,87(1/2):364-373.
[28]胡四一,谭维炎.无结构网格上二维浅水流动的数值模拟[J].水科学进展,1995,6(1):1-9.
[29]丁玲,逄勇,赵棣华,等.通量差分裂格式的二维水流水质计算的适用性分析[J].水科学进展,2004,15(5):561-565.
[30]赵棣华,姚琪,蒋艳,等.通量向量分裂格式的二维水流-水质模拟[J].水科学进展,2002,13(6):701-706.
[2]王海东,方凤满,谢宏芳.中国水体重金属污染研究现状与展望[J].广东微量元素科学,2010,17(1):14-18.
[3]SAYGI Y,YIGIT S A.Heavy Metals in Yenicaga Lake and its Potential Sources:Soil,Water,Sediment,and Plankton[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2012,184(3):1379-1389.
[4]ALAHVERDI M,SAVABIEASFAHANI M.Metal Pollution in Seaweed and Related Sediment of the Persian Gulf,Iran[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2012,88(6):939-945.
[5]HEJABI A T,BASAVARAJAPPA H T,KARBASSI A R,et al.Heavy Metal Pollution in Water and Sediments in the Kabini River,Karnataka,India[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2011,182(1/2/3/4):1-13.
[6]VAZQUEZ-SAUCEDA M D L L,AGUIRRE-GUZMANG,SANCHEZ-MARTINEZ J G,et al.Cadmium,Lead and Zinc Concentrations in Water,Sediment and Oyster(Crassostrea virginica)of San Andres Lagoon,Mexico[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2011,86(4):410-414.
[7]JERNSTROM J,LEHTO J,DAUVALTER V A,et al.Heavy Metals in Bottom Sediments of Lake Umbozero in Murmansk Region,Russia[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2010,161(1-4):93-105.
[8]SUTHAR S,NEMA A K,CHABUKDHARA M,et al.Assessment of Metals in Water and Sediments of Hindon River,India:Impact of Industrial and Urban Discharges[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,171(1/2/3):1088-1095.
[9]何江,王新伟,李朝生,等.黄河包头段水-沉积物系统中重金属的污染特征[J].环境科学学报,2003,23(1):53-57.
[10]于瑞莲,王荔娟,胡恭任,等.晋江感潮河段沉积物重金属赋存形态及潜在生态风险[J].地球与环境,2008,36(2):113-118.
[11]GARCIA E M,BASTIDAS C,CRUZ-MOTTAJ J,et al.Metals in Waters and Sediments of the Morrocoy National Park,Venezuela:Increased Contamination Levels of Cadmium over Time[J].Water Air and Soil Pollution,2011,214(1/2/3/4):609-621.
[12]滕德强,吕颂辉,郭福星,等.长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属分布和潜在生态危害评价[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2012,32(2):11-19.
[13]王沛芳,周文明,王超,等.太湖沉积物重金属的形态特征及生态风险评价[J].重庆大学学报,2012,35(11):136-143.
[14]HILLER E,JURKOVIC L,SUTRIEPKA M.Metals in the Surface Sediments of Selected Water Reservoirs,Slovakia[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2010,84(5):635-640.
[15]孟博,刘静玲,李毅,等.北京市凉水河表层沉积物不同粒径重金属形态分布特征及生态风险[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(5):964-972.
[16]毕春娟,陈振楼,许世远,等.河口近岸水体中颗粒态重金属的潮周期变化[J].环境科学,2006,27(1):132-136.
[17]万群,申升,汪铁,等.三峡工程截流后洞庭湖水体污染及风险分析[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(增1):225-228.
[18]黄本生,李西萍,范舟,等.河流重金属随水-悬浮物-底泥迁移转化模型[J].中国安全科学学报,2008,18(12):23-28.
[19]黄岁梁,万兆惠.河流泥沙吸附-解吸重金属污染物试验研究现状(一)[J].水利水电科技进展,1995,(1):26-31.
[20]黄岁梁,万兆惠.河流泥沙吸附-解吸重金属污染物试验研究现状(二)[J].水利水电科技进展,1995,(2):28-32.
[21]周晓红,刘龙梅,陈曦,等.金山湖闸坝型水体表层沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(11):4127-4134.
[22]汤露露,王鹏,姚琪.太湖湖流、波浪、沉积物的三维数值模拟[J].水资源保护,2011,27(2):1-5,12.
[23]庞启秀,白玉川,杨华,等.淤泥质浅滩泥沙临界起动切应力剖面确定[J].水科学进展,2012,23(2):249-255.
[24]DROPPO I G,D’ANDREA L,KRISHNAPPAN B G,et al.Fine-sediment Dynamics:Towards an Improved Understanding of Sediment Erosion and Transport[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2015,15(2):467-479.
[25]JEONG S W,LOCAT J,LEROUEIL S.Geotechnical and Rheological Characteristics of Saguenay Fjord Sediments Near the Transition from Solid to Liquid[J].Marine Georesources&Geotechnology,2015,33(3):239-252.
[26]曹祖德,王桂芬.波浪掀沙、潮流输沙的数值模拟[J].海洋学报(中文版),1993,15(1):107-118.
[27]WANG J,LIU R,ZHANG P,et al.Spatial Variation,Environmental Assessment and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,87(1/2):364-373.
[28]胡四一,谭维炎.无结构网格上二维浅水流动的数值模拟[J].水科学进展,1995,6(1):1-9.
[29]丁玲,逄勇,赵棣华,等.通量差分裂格式的二维水流水质计算的适用性分析[J].水科学进展,2004,15(5):561-565.
[30]赵棣华,姚琪,蒋艳,等.通量向量分裂格式的二维水流-水质模拟[J].水科学进展,2002,13(6):701-706.